• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1998

The ultimate goal of total artificial heart is permanent substitute for a failed heart in a patient without any other therapeutic modality. Until now, infection has been the main problem related to the mechanical circulatory support system. The best way to solve this catastrophic complication and to improve the quality of life of TAH patients in terms of tethering must be implantation of TAH totally. The EH-TAH has been developed in NCVC from 1987 for this purpose. The system consists of an energy converter and pumps, which are designed to be placed in abdomen and pericardial space separately for a good anatomical fit. To evaluate the anatomical fit and hemodynamic performance of the EH-TAH, in vivo test was done. General condition of the animal and hemodynamic status had been stable until the TAH stopped on the 11th pumping day. The estimated cardiac output was about 7.7L/min. The values of mean aortic pressure, left and right atrial pressure were 93$\pm$10, 19$\pm$3 and 15$\pm$4 mmHg, respectively. The correlation coefficient between left and right atrial pressure was 0.96, which represents the dynamic function of the interatrial shunt in controlling left-right imbalance of cardiac output. During pumping days, the temperature on the surface of actuator had been maintained at 39.7$\pm$0.4$^{\circ}C$, less than 1$^{\circ}C$ higher than the rectal temperature. The TAH stopped on the 11th day due to mechanical problems. We concluded that the EH-TAH possessed satisfactory basic performance including anatomic fit and hemodynamic adequacy, although there were several mechanical problems to be solved yet.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5063-5070
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• 2011

Foot-and-mouth disease occurs in cattle or wild animal with two hooves such as cow, pig, sheep, goat, and deer. In this study, survey on knowledge, awareness, and lifestyle about foot-and-mouth disease was performed on 398 elementary school in 5 regions in Gyeonggi-do. 49 people (92.5%) from the group who have been educated about the foot-and-mouth disease replied that they have heard of foot-and-mouth disease and 139 people (68.5%) from the group who have not been educated about the disease replied that they have not heard of the disease. About the knowledge regarding "Foot-and-mouth disease virus is destroyed at temperatures above $50^{\circ}C$, so cooked food is free from the virus", only 26 people (49.1%) from the educated group and 82 people (40.4%) have correct knowledge. When asked about when education on disease such as foot-and-mouth disease, both groups replied that the education should be done in elementary school. The FMD includes in Korea and is a disease where the infection occurrence is happening continuously from the various nation. Must prepare with a recognition and the knowledge where the people are proper.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2010

Adequate acidic environment in wound healing prevents the inflammation of virus, increases the cell activity, promotes cell proliferation and regular rearrangement of fibroblast, and results in matured epithelialization. In this study, we prepared dressing materials consisting of pectin and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with varied ratios. These dressing materials showed different pH values according to the composition ratio. The effect of acidity of pectin/CMC dressing materials on wound healing rates, degree of epithelialization, collagen deposition, and so on, in 3 types of wound models (fresh surgical wounds, $3^{rd}$ degree burn wounds, and infection wounds) were investigated by animal tests. From the results of wound contraction, wound healing, and epithelialization, it can be deduced that dressing material having pectin/CMC ratio of 16/19 (pH 4.67) is most effective among the 3 types of wound models.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.41.1-41.14
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• 2021

Background: Our previously prepared ceftiofur (CEF) hydrochloride oily suspension shows potential wide applications for controlling swine Streptococcus suis infections, while the irrational dose has not been formulated. Objectives: The rational dose regimens of CEF oily suspension against S. suis were systematically studied using a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model method. Methods: The healthy and infected pigs were intramuscularly administered CEF hydrochloride oily suspension at a single dose of 5 mg/kg, and then the plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) were collected at different times. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration, mutant prevention concentration (MPC), post-antibiotic effect (PAE), and time-killing curves were determined. Subsequently, the area under the curve by the MIC (AUC_0-24h/MIC) values of desfuroylceftiofur (DFC) in the PELF was obtained by integrating in vivo pharmacokinetic data of the infected pigs and ex vivo pharmacodynamic data using the sigmoid E_max (Hill) equation. The dose was calculated based on the AUC_0-24h/MIC values for bacteriostatic action, bactericidal action, and bacterial elimination. Results: The peak concentration, the area under the concentration-time curve, and the time to peak for PELF's DFC were 24.76 ± 0.92 ㎍/mL, 811.99 ± 54.70 ㎍·h/mL, and 8.00 h in healthy pigs, and 33.04 ± 0.99 ㎍/mL, 735.85 ± 26.20 ㎍·h/mL, and 8.00 h in infected pigs, respectively. The MIC of PELF's DFC against S. suis strain was 0.25 ㎍/mL. There was strong concentration-dependent activity as determined by MPC, PAE, and the time-killing curves. The AUC_0-24h/MIC values of PELF's DFC for bacteriostatic activity, bactericidal activity, and virtual eradication of bacteria were 6.54 h, 9.69 h, and 11.49 h, respectively. Thus, a dosage regimen of 1.94 mg/kg every 72 h could be sufficient to reach bactericidal activity. Conclusions: A rational dosage regimen was recommended, and it could assist in increasing the treatment effectiveness of CEF hydrochloride oily suspension against S. Suis infections.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Fucoidan is a physiologically functional ingredient extracted from seaweed brown algae, which is a sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose as a main molecule backbone. Fucoidan has a variety of immune-modulating or -stimulating effects, including promoting antigen uptake and enhancing anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-tumor effects. In addition, recent studies have suggested the possibility of use of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant in the field of human vaccine. Use of fucoidan as supplementary feeds have already been studied, but the development of fucoidan as an adjuvant of fish vaccine is still premature. However, the intracellular uptake of fucoidan differs depending on the molecular weight of fucoidan, and there is a limit to the study on specific immune response including the production of antibodies to fish caused by an artificial infection of pathogen. Although the safety of fucoidan has been demonstrated in animal cells, there is a need to confirm the safety of fucoidan in fish. Therefore, active research in this field is needed to use fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant. This study discussed the effects of fucoidan on immune stimulation, humoraland cellular- immunity including humans and animals. The prospect of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant in fisheries also reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 2018

From 2017 to 2018, the disease has been monitored at four culturing eel farms in Incheon and Gyeonggi region in Korea. As a result, diseases with gill congestion frequently occurred. This disease occurred regardless of size of eel, but the frequency and cumulative mortality were high in eels within 3 months after stocking. The infected fish showed pathological histopathological features such as intense congestion and dilation in the central venous sinus (CVS) of gill filaments and hemorrhages in liver and kidney. Hexagonal viral particles measuring about 70 nm in diameter was observed in nuclei and cytoplasm of gill vascular endothelial cells. Molecular biologic diagnosis by both PCR and genetic analysis has been revealed that the causative agent of this disease is Japanese eel endothelial cells-infecting virus (JEECV), the cause of viral endothelial cell necrosis of eel (VECNE), which is mainly reported in Japan. This study is the first report on the characteristics of JEECV and VECNE infection in domestic eel farms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.455-462
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• 2023

During pregnancy, maternal immune activation (MIA) from infection increases the risk of neurodevelopmental diseases, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. MIA induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in animal experiments has led to offspring with abnormal behaviors and brain development. In addition, it has recently been reported that microglia, which reside in the brain and function as immune cells, play an important role in behavioral abnormalities and brain development in MIA-induced offspring. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether microglia-specific inhibition of GPR56, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, causes behavioral abnormalities in brain development. First, MIA induction did not affect the microglia population, but when examining the expression of microglial GRP56 in MIA-induced fetuses, GPR56 expression was inhibited between embryonic days 14.5 (E14.5) and E18.5 regardless of sex. Furthermore, microglial GPR56-suppressed mice showed abnormal behaviors in the MIA-induced offspring, including sociability deficits, repetitive behavioral patterns, and increased anxiety levels. Although abnormal cortical development such as that in the MIA-induced offspring were not observed in the microglial GPR56-suppressed mice, their brain activity was observed through c-fos staining. These results suggest that microglia-specific GPR56 deficiency may cause abnormal behaviors and could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and/or as a therapeutic target of behavioral deficits in MIA offspring.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of integrated pest management (IPM) with 3point 5score microscopic monitoring method for laying farms infected with poultry red mites. A total of 8 laying farms infected with poultry red mites were divided into two treatments: 1) integrated pest management with 3point 5score microscopic monitoring method and 2) normal pest management with 3point 5score microscopic monitoring method. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between the groups with respect to the score of poultry red mites not only regardless of disinfection for the laying farms but also from week 4 to week 20 (P>0.05). However, the farm with IPM had a lower (P<0.05) score than those with the normal pest management method on week 24. Based on the result of the present study, controlling the presence of poultry red mites using IPM, along with consistent monitoring and supplementation using the 3point 5score microscopic monitoring method, is deemed effective in reducing the ultimately targeted infection rate of poultry red mites.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2024

Antimalarial drugs are an urgently need and crucial tool in the campaign against malaria, which can threaten public health. In this study, we examined the cytotoxicity of the 9 antimalarial compounds chemically synthesized using SKM13-2HCl. Except for SKM13-2HCl, the 5 newly synthesized compounds had a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) >100 μM, indicating that they would be less cytotoxic than SKM13-2HCl. Among the 5 compounds, only SAM13-2HCl outperformed SKM13-2HCl for antimalarial activity, showing a 3- and 1.3-fold greater selective index (SI) (CC₅₀/IC₅₀) than SKM13-2HCl in vitro against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine -resistant (K1) Plasmodium falciparum strains, respectively. Thus, the presence of morpholine amide may help to effectively suppress human-infectious P. falciparum parasites. However, the antimalarial activity of SAM13-2HCl was inferior to that of the SKM13-2HCl template compound in the P. berghei NK65-infected mouse model, possibly because SAM13-2HCl had a lower polarity and less efficient pharmacokinetics than SKM13-2HCl. SAM13-2HCl was more toxic in the rodent model. Consequently, SAM13-2HCl containing morpholine was selected from screening a combination of pharmacologically significant structures as being the most effective in vitro against human-infectious P. falciparum but was less efficient in vivo in a P. berghei-infected animal model when compared with SKM13-2HCl. Therefore, SAM13-2HCl containing morpholine could be considered a promising compound to treat chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum infections, although further optimization is crucial to maintain antimalarial activity while reducing toxicity in animals.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.532-539
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of exopolysaccharide(EPS) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus BODY1 on rotavirus(RV). EPS was isolated from a commercial lactic acid bacteria, Str. thermophilus BODY1. The results obtained were as follows : At 0.1% of EPS, inhibitory effects of EPS on the MA-104 cell using MTT assay were, $Wa\;51.58{\pm}8.08%,\;KU \;63.09{\pm}7.58%,\;S2\;51.23{\pm}5.43%,\;YO\; 51.45{\pm}5.67%,\;K-21\;52.84{\pm}5.49%,\;NCDV\;57.50{\pm}10.85%,\;UK\;51.64{\pm}4.74%,\;KK3\;54.53{\pm}8.44%,\;JBR\;58.67{\pm}7.51%,\;S97\;50.63{\pm}5.17%,\;OSU\;55.48{\pm}5.75%,\;and\;RRV\;54.36{\pm}8.72%$, respectively. At 0.1/128%, the effects were $Wa\;5.5{\pm}6.45%,\;KU\;10.33{\pm}8.39%,\;S2\;0.98{\pm}8.39%,\;YO\;4.25{\pm}2.86%,\;K-21\;4.25{\pm}6.60%,\;NCDV\;4.01{\pm}4.12%,\;UK\;6.55{\pm}7.09%,\;KK3\;5.19{\pm}4.86%,\;JBR\;11.11{\pm}8.11%,\;S97\;6.75{\pm}6.95%,\;OSU\;10.14{\pm}8.54%,\;and\;RRV\;3.66{\pm}8.57%$, respectively. These results indicate that EPS have inhibitory effects on various serotype and sources of RV from different animals.