• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.402-417
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• 2023

Objective: Liver fibrosis is a highly conserved wound-healing response and the final common pathway of chronic inflammatory injury. This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-fibrotic effect of the combination of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma water extract (RW) and silymarin in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis model. Methods: The liver fibrosis mouse model was established through the intraperitoneal injection of TAA (1 week 100 mg/kg, 2-3 weeks 200 mg/kg, 4-8 weeks 400 mg/kg) three times per week for eight weeks. Animal experiments were conducted in five groups; Normal, Control (TAA-induced liver fibrosis mice), Sily (silymarin 50 mg/kg), RSL (RW 50 mg/kg+silymarin 50 mg/kg), and RSH (RW 100 mg/kg+silymarin 50 mg/kg). Biochemical analyses were measured in serum, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ammonia levels. Liver inflammatory cytokines and fibrous biomarkers were measured by Western blot analysis, and liver histopathology was evaluated through tissue staining. Results: A significant decrease in the liver function markers AST and ALT and a reduction in ammonia and total bilirubin were observed in the group treated with RSL and RSH. Measurement of reactive oxygen species and MDA revealed a significant decrease in the RSL and RSH administration group compared to the TAA induction group. The expression of extracellular matrix-related proteins, such as transforming growth factor β1, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type I alpha 1, was likewise significantly decreased. All drug-administered groups had increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 but a decreasing tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1. RSL and RSH exerted a significant upregulation of NADPH oxidase 2, p22^phox, and p47^phox, which are oxidative stress-related factors. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase 2 and interleukin-1β were markedly suppressed through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation. Conclusions: The administration of RW and silymarin suppressed the NADPH oxidase factor protein level and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation-related enzymes. These results suggest that the combined administration of RW and silymarin improves acute liver injury induced by TAA.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.24-34
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• 2001

Restenosis remains a major limitation of percutaneous coronary interventions. Numerous studios including pharmacological approaches and new devices failed to reduce the restenosis rate except coronary stenting. Since the results of $BENESTENT^{1)}\;and\;STRESS^{2)}$ studies came out, coronary stenting has been the most popular interventional strategy in the various kinds of coronary stenotic lesions, although the efficacy of stenting was shown only in the discrete lesion of the large coronary artery. The widespread use of coronary stenting has improved the early and late outcomes after coronary intervention, but it has also led to a new and serious problem, e.g., in-stent restenosis. Intravascular radiation for prevention of restenosis is a new technology in the field of percutaneous coronary intervention. Recent animal experiments and human trials have demonstrated that local irradiation, in conjunction with coronary interventions, substantially diminished the rate of restenosis. This paper reviews basic radiation biology of intracoronary radiation and its role in the inhibition of restenosis. The current status of intracoronary radiation therapy using Re-188 liquid balloon is also discussed.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 1990

Aflatoxins is a chemically diverse group of toxic secondary metabolites that are produced by fungi and often occur in agricultural commodities. Because of their wide range of toxic effects, Aflatoxins cause severe economic losses to farmers and livestock producers and pose a health to human consuming contaminated foods. Long term prospects for biotechnological control of Aflatoxins require elucidation of the specific steps and regulation of their biosynthetic pathways . Aflatoxin determinations can be approached many ways. It is essential to safely handle all experimental materials associated with aflatoxin analysis or aflatoxigenic fungi Visual screening of suspect samples, base on the presence of conidial head of the aspergillus flavus group, and screening samples for the presence of bright greenish yellow flourescence are not chemical tests and such screening techniques may allow aflactoxin contaminated lots into commerce. Microcolumn screening procedures should always be used in conjunction with a quantitative method. Several thin layer chromatography(TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) methods are suitable for quantitation and are in general use. Immunochemical Methods such as the ELISA or affinity column chromatography methods are being rapidly developed. The chemical and immunochemical methods can be reliable if care is taken, using suitable controls and personnel that are well trained . All analytical laboratories should stress safety and include suitable analytical validation procedure. Especially a worldwide enquiry was undertaken in recent to obtain up-to-date information about aflatoxin legislation in as many countries of the world as possible. The information concerns aflatoxin in foodstuffs. aflatoxin MI in dairy products, aflatoxins in animal feedstuffs. Limits and regulations for aflatoxin have been expended in recent with more countries having legislation on subject, more products, and more aflatoxins covered by this legislation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Ziziphus mucronata (ZM) fruit extract. Methods: The different types of fruit extract were prepared by soaking the dry powdered fruit in different solvents followed by rotary evaporation. Each extract was tested for its phenol content and antioxidant activities. An in vivo study was performed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Thirty adult male SD rats (aged 21 weeks) were divided into six groups of five rats each and treated as follows: The normal control (NC) received distilled water while the dimethoate control (DC) received 6 mg/kg.bw.day-1 dimethoate dissolved in distilled water. The experimental groups E1, E2, E3, and E0 received dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (100 mg/kg.bw-1), dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (200 mg/kg.bw-1), dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (300 mg/kg.bw-1), and ZMFM (300 mg/kg.bw-1) only. Both the normal control and the dimethoate control groups were used to compare the results. After 90 days, rats were sacrificed, blood was collected for biochemical assays, and livers were harvested for histological study. Results: High phenol content was estimated, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) spectrophotometric, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and 2, 2-Azobis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays showed a high antioxidant activity among the extracts. The preventive effects observed in the E1, E2 and E3 groups proved that the extract could prevent dimethoate toxicity by maintaining normal reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, superoxide dismutase, catalase, cholineasterase and lipid profiles. The preventive effect was observed to be dose dependent. The EO group showed no extract-induced toxicity. Histological observations agreed with the results obtained in the biochemical studies. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that ZM methanol fruit extract is capable of attenuating dimethoate-induced toxicity because of its high antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1575-1579
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• 2004

According to 2004 health statistics yearbook, cancer ocupies second death reason next to disease of blood circulation system and 1/4 was died because of cancer. There are very many factors to onset cancer, for example the exposure to varius kinds of pollution materials by development of industry, excess intake of harmful food to one's health, spritual stress, as become old age society, increase of attack-rate of geriatric diseases etc, attack-rate of cancer comes to be high gradually. The author had study about to treatment cancer by TCM(traditional chinese medicine) and combining TCM & western medicine, in Guang An Men hospital in Beijing of China from February 2003 to January 2004. TCM papers are 105 and combining TCM & western medicine papers are 280 of total 385 papers. Clinical reserch papers are 166, review articles are 194, animal experimental papers are 25. The papers used development herbal medicine are 42(10.9%), the papers used undevelopment herbal medicineare are 228(59.2%), the papers used senior TCM doctor's therapeutic experience and theory are 17(4.4%), the papers used theory of TCM or theory of combining TCM & western medicine are 71 (18.4%), the papers used acupuncture, qigong, thermotherapy, etc, other methods are 5, the papers used TCM patient's care or dietary treatment are 12 and ststistical papers are 10. Cancer is complicated hard case disease in pathological process. Combining TCM & western medicine treatment system is more efficient than one of TCM or western medicine in diagnosis, treatment, reserch of cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of DA-9601, an extract of Artemisiae Herba, which is known to possess mucoprotective action either by free radical scavenging effect or increase of mucus secretion, against animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced by trinirobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or other noxious agents. Experimental colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of TNBS in 50% ethanol, or 1 ml of 7% acetic acid solution (AA), by subcutaneous injection of indomethacin (INDO) in rats, or by supplementing drinking water with 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in albino mice. DA-9601 was treated orally for 4 to 7 days. Animals were euthanized 1 day after the last treatment for morphological and biochemical analysises. All the noxious agents including TNBS, AA, INDO and DSS elicited severe colitis. The animals treated with DA-9601 showed a consistent, dose-related reduction in the severity of colitis, grossly and histologically. The reduction was significant (p<0.05) after administration of DA-9601 at dose range of 10 mg/kg or above. In TNBS-induced colitis, the rats receiving DA-9601 showed significantly decreased mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS), when compared to control and mesalazine groups. Mucosal proinflammatory cytokine levels were also decreased after DA-9601 treatment. In conclusion, DA-9601 ameliorated macroscopic and histologic scores in experimental colitis either through decreasing oxidative stress or by attenuating cytokines involved in inflammation. DA-9601 could be a promising drug for the therapy of IBD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.356-368
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• 2020

Purpose: Histidine-containing dipeptides, which are rich in chicken, have been reported to reduce the risk of metabolic abnormalities via anticarbonylation mechanism in animal models. To determine the effect of dietary histidine-containing dipeptides on metabolic risk factors in humans, the relation between chicken consumption and insulin resistance were determined in a population consuming high carbohydrate and low protein. Methods: A total of 7,183 subjects (2,929 men and 4,254 women) aged ≥ 50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were divided into three groups according to chicken consumption (rarely, monthly, and weekly), and evaluated for the metabolic risk factors using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) in this cross-sectional study. The fourth and fifth (IV-1-3 & V-1) KNHANES, which had blood insulin data, were chosen for the current study. Results: The chicken consumption was significantly associated with insulin (p for trend = 0.018) and HOMA-IR (p for trend = 0.023) in men. In particular, the 'weekly' chicken consuming men in the lowest tertile (< 65.0%) of carbohydrate intake group had significantly lower HOMA-IR (p for trend = 0.033) and higher QUICKI (p for trend = 0.043) than the 'rarely' intake group. In addition, the odds ratio for abnormal HOMA-IR was 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.99) and QUICKI was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.26-0.86) for the 'weekly' chicken consuming group. Conclusion: The 'weekly' chicken consumption had a beneficial effect on insulin resistance and it may partially be due to the major bioactive components in chicken, histidine-containing dipeptides.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.209-219
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• 1981

To evaluate long-term metabolic response of free-living Korean subjects consuming local sources adequately or slightly below habitual intake. Subjects, six male medical students aged 23-25 years were free-living, but consumed diets in the metabolic unit. They were healthy as determined from medical laborarory tests. They belong to the Korean middle-class. Temperature of outdoor during study were ranged between -2 to $26^{\circ}C$, whereas the indoor were $18-22^{\circ}C$. Animal protein ranged between 25-30% of total calorie. The three meals and a vitamin supplement to meet recommendation were given daily. Three 50day periods following the design were used to test the protein-energy adequacy of the diet. Urinary nitrogen excretion was measured daily. Fecal samples were pooled for the last 5 days of each week. Nitrogen balance was computed using 5mg N/Kg skin and miscellaneous losses. Body weight was measured daily. The study was covered on 126 metabolic observations weekly. Body weight changes were relatively stable with the energy intake of 37-44Kca1/kg, and N-balances were also relatively stable, but it was influenced by physical and or mental stress somehow. It could be assumed that the mean protein and energy requirement were $190{\pm}10mg$ N/Kg with $41{\pm}2$ Kcal/kg, and the mean digestibility of protein was 81% on these subjects with the experimental conditions. The protein requirement, however, could be cut down somewhat with some limited increaing of energy intake under parameters of N-balance and maintaining body weight. It was also observed a tendency of the requirement were getting smaller with the increase of body size.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2000

Cerebral ischemia, the most prevalent form of clinical stroke, is a medical problem of the first magnitude. Substantial efforts are being made to develop drugs which will protect the brain from the neurodegeneration followed by an ischemic stroke. A key factor in this process is the development of animal models that mimic the neuropathological consequences of stroke. Recently, there is increasing an evidence that free radical is involved in the mechanisms of ischemic brain damage. We investigated the macro scale gene expression analysis on the global ischemia induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wister rats. The recent availability of microarrays provides an attractive strategy for elaborating an unbiased molecular profile of large number of genes during ischemic injury. This experimental approach offers the potential to identify molecules or cellular pathways not previously associated with ischemia. Ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion for 10 minutes and reperfused again. RNA from sham control brain and time-dependent ischemed brain were hybridized to microarrays containing 4,000 rat genes. 589 genes were found to be at least 2 fold regulated at one or more time points. These survey data provide the foundation studies that should provide convincing proof for ischemia and oxidative stress on gene expression.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Clinical and animal studies have shown that free radical overload is an important cause for a variety of diseases. Although ginseng has been recognized as antioxidant, how it modulates anti-oxidative process at the molecular level remains unknown. Free radical production is induced by tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) under the stress condition, and (TNF-$\alpha$) release is activated by TNF-$\alpha$-converting enzyme (TACE). Since TACE inhibitor is also well known for anti-inflammatory agent, ginseng seems to show anti-oxidative activity by repressing TACE pathway. Further studies on signal transduction would be warranted to elucidate molecular action mechanisms of ginseng on anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation.