• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1975

In order to utilize the agricultural waste products for animal feeds, studies have been made concerning the production of cellulase of Irpex lacteus and its properties of crude enzyme, and summarized as follows. 1. At the production of cellulase, the culture of wheat bran added with rice bran was more active than any other cultures. 2. The optimum incubation time is 5 days in shaking culture. 3. The optimum condition of reaction in saccharification with CMC were obtained the following results. 1) The optimum pH was within the range of from 3.5 to 4.0 and stable within 3.0 to 6.0. 2) The optimum temperature was $40^{\circ}C$ and thermal stability was below $40^{\circ}C$. 3) The optimum reaction time was 2 hours. 4) The optimum crude enzyme concentration was 50%V/V and substrate concentration 1%.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.9-9
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• 2001

내분비계 장애물질 중 관찰물질로 지정된 bisphenol A(BPA)의 투여가 생쥐의 번식 효율에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 웅성 ICR 생쥐에 무처리구, corn oil, 0.05, 0.5 및 5.0mg BPA/kg b.w의 BPA을 3일 간격으로 5회 투여했으며, 자성 ICR 생쥐도 웅성생쥐와 동일하게 3일 간격으로 5회 투여한 후, 웅성은 투여후 2일, 자성은 7일후에 모든검사를 실시하였다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 번식기관무게에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 체중, 정소상체, 정낭선 및 응고선의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며(P>0.05), 정소의 무게는 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 다소 낮은 무게를 나타냈다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 정액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 생존율과 유효 정자수는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으나 총정자수는 각각 35.50, 35.73, 36.33, 33.13 및 29.28$\times$$10^{7}$ 정자/$m\ell$로서 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 결과을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 기형율은 5.0mg 투여구가 23.15%로서 무처리구(18.13%), 대조구(18.58%) 및 0.05mg 투여구(19.68%)보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 기형율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 웅성 생쥐에 BPA의 투여가 혈액의 일반성분에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH 및 MCHC는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 다소 낮은 수치를 나타냈으며, PLT는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈다. BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 번식기관무게에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 체중은 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며 자궁의 무게는 BPA 투여구가 대조구에 비해 다소 논은 무게를 나타냈다. 오른쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 각각 0.0059 및 0.0061g으로 대조구(0.0081g)와 0.05mg 투여구(0.0071g)보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈으며, 왼쪽 난소의 무게는 각각 0.0076, 0.0076, 0.0058 및 0.0061g으로 0.5mg 투여구가 대조구와 0.05mg 투여구보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈다(P<0.05). BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 혈구화학치에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH 및 MCHC는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈다. PLT는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직, 병리학적인 검사에서는 모든 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2006

Major characteristics of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are sustaining of sternness and pluripotency by self-renewal. In this report, transcriptional profiles of the molecules in the developmentally important signaling pathways including Wnt, BMP4, $TGF-\beta$, RTK, Hh, Notch, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways were investigated to understand the self-renewal of mouse ESCs (mESCs), J1 line, and compared with the NIH3T3 cell line and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells as controls. In the Wnt signaling pathway, the expression of Wnt3 was seen widely in mESCs, suggesting that the ligand may be an important regulator for self-renewal in mESCs. In the Hh signaling pathway, the expression of Gli and N-myc were observed extensively in mESCs, whereas the expression levels of in a Shh was low, suggesting that intracellular molecules may be essential for the self-renewal of mESCs. IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-IR and IGF-IIR of RTK signaling showed a lower expression in mESCs, these molecules related to embryo development may be restrained in mESCs. The expression levels of the Delta and HESS in Notch signaling were enriched in mESCs. The expression of the molecules related to BMP and JAK-STAT signaling pathways were similar or at a slightly lower level in mESCs compared to those in MEF and NIH3T3 cells. It is suggested that the observed differences in gene expression profiles among the signaling pathways may contribute to the self-renewal and differentiation of mESCs in a signaling-specific manner.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2018

At the end of November 2010, livestock infected with foot and mouth disease (FMD) were buried, increasing concern about secondary pollution of drinking water and groundwater with odor. Hence, measures to reduce pollution of drinking water and groundwater are needed. In this study, based on livestock type and soil texture, five pilot-scale burial sites were monitored for the past three years from Feb 2012 to 2015. Leachate from the site was analyzed for 90 compounds. A detailed investigation has been completed, looking into organic matter decomposition characteristics of the buried bodies, relevant trace elements thereof, and in particular metabolite concentration changes such as the degree of decomposition of a carcass. From the results, no detectable heavy metals, including cadmium and arsenic, were measured. Among animal types, the rate of cattle decomposition is faster than swine decomposition, and the decomposition of the bodies were performed in sequence from sand, clay loam, sandy loam.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Characteristics of the rootstock formation and flower bud differentiation according to sowing time for production of the high quality rootstock in Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) was investigated. The flower bud initiation was on the 17th of July after sowing in April, the 2nd of July after sowing in May, the 30th of July after sowing in June and the 1st of October after sowing in July. But they didn't differentiate after sowing in August and September. The days required from germination to flower bud initiation and accumulated temperature depended on the weather. If the outside air temperature was high, the days required were less, If the outside air temperature was low, the days required were greater, the accumulated temperature was similar to the days required in this experement, too. The rootstock sown from April to July wasn't good enough to be use because the flower bud differentiation was generated before harvestable weight. the weight of rootstock was sown in September wasn't heavy enough in weight because the outside air temperature was too low for it to grow well. The plant grows slow and steady through out winter. The rootstock sown in August was havestable 200g in 90 days after sowing before the flower bud differentiated. The best sowing time for the production of high quality rootstock of Chico in the climate of Korea is researched to be August.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

To provide the basic data essential for developing varieties of broad-leaved tree, the study investigated the utmost growth requirement for the growth characteristic and biomass production in accordance with planting density of Styrax obassia. The planting density of seedling can be a significant factor in contributing growth of seedling for tree growing in general. While growth of tree according to $1m^2$ planting density of Styrax obassia showed an excellent growth in tree height and the root collar diameter from $49no./m^2$, those low planting density showed decreased tendency with tree height growth while increasing the root collar diameter growth. As similar to the growth characteristic, the biomass production showed significant and statistic difference in $49no./m^2$, showing high volume of biomass production which is $3.12{\pm}0.80g$ compare to other processing section and high figure with T/R ratio which is 1.59. The special trait of photosynthetic also showed relatively high photosynthetic rate in $49no./m^2\;and\;64no./m^2$ of Styrax obassia and as the density increase, photosynthetic efficiency decreased. The plant showed stable and physiological planting pattern, displaying the best photosynthetic rate, which was the final metabolism through reserving proper space in the growth and development environment condition. This obstacle of required space essential for growth substantially deteriorated planting and ultimately, it demonstrated lower tendency of photosynthetic rate, which is the highest level of metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.744-754
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• 2020

We investigated the whether endurance exercise and MitoQ intake mediated neuroprotection are associated with mitochondrial function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) -induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Normal Conrol(NC, n=10), MPTP Control(MC, n=10), MPTP +MitoQ(MQ, n=10), MPTP + Exercise(ME, n=10) and MPTP + MitoQ + Exercise(MQE, n=10). Exercise intervention groups performed the treadmill exercise for 5days/week for 5 weeks with gradual increase of intensity. MitoQ intake groups consumed the MitoQ at a concentration of 250μmol by dissolving with water during experiment period. Our data demonstrated that ME and MQE group restored MPTP-induced motor dysfunction. In addition, treatment groups(MQ, ME and MQE) increased tyrosine hydroxylase levels, and suppressed the accumulation of α-synuclein levels. Futhermore, treatment groups modulated the mitochondrial function such as upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis, increased antioxidant enzyme, enhanced a anti-apoptotic protein(e.g., BCL2), and reduced a pro-apoptotic protein(e.g., BAX). Taken together, these results suggested that endurance exercise and MitoQ intake-mediated increase in mitochondrial function contributes to improvement of aggravated dopaminergic neuronal, resulting in attenuation of motor function of Parkinson's disease.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is directly measure and evaluate about absorbed dose change according to nominal energy and electron cone or medical accelerator on isodose curve, percentage depth dose, contaminated X-ray, inhomogeneous tissue, oblique surface and irradiation on intracavitary that electron beam with high energy distributed in tissue, and it settled standard data of hish energy electron beam treatment, and offer to exactly data for new dote distribution modeling study based on experimental resuls and theory. Electron beam with hish energy of $6{\sim}20$ MeV is used that generated from medical linear accelerator (Clinac 2100C/D, Varian) for the experiment, andwater phantom and Farmer chamber md Markus chamber und for absorbe d dose measurement of electron beam, and standard absorbed dose is calculated by standard measurements of International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) TRS 277. Dose analyzer (700i dose distribution analyzer, Wellhofer), film (X-OmatV, Kodak), external cone, intracavitary cone, cork, animal compact bone and air were used for don distribution measurement. As the results of absorbed dose ratio increased while irradiation field was increased, it appeared maximum at some irradiation field size and decreased though irradiation field size was more increased, and it decreased greatly while energy of electron beam was increased, and scattered dose on wall of electron cone was the cause. In percentage depth dose curve of electron beam, Effective depth dose(R80) for nominal energy of 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 MeV are 1.85, 2.93, 4.07, 5.37 and 6.53 cm respectively, which seems to be one third of electron beam energy (MeV). Contaminated X-ray was generated from interaction between electron beam with high energy and material, and it was about $0.3{\sim}2.3\%$ of maximum dose and increased with increasing energy. Change of depth dose ratio of electron beam was compared with theory by Monte Carlo simulation, and calculation and measured value by Pencil beam model reciprocally, and percentage depth dose and measured value by Pencil beam were agreed almost, however, there were a little lack on build up area and error increased in pendulum and multi treatment since there was no contaminated X-ray part. Percentage depth dose calculated by Monte Carlo simulation appeared to be less from all part except maximum dose area from the curve. The change of percentage depth dose by inhomogeneous tissue, maximum range after penetration the 1 cm bone was moved 1 cm toward to surface then polystyrene phantom. In case of 1 cm and 2 cm cork, it was moved 0.5 cm and 1 cm toward to depth, respectively. In case of air, practical range was extended toward depth without energy loss. Irradiation on intracavitary is using straight and beveled type cones of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 $cm{\phi}$, and maximum and effective $80\%$ dose depth increases while electron beam energy and size of electron cone increase. In case of contaminated X-ray, as the energy increase, straight type cones were more highly appeared then beveled type. The output factor of intracavitary small field electron cone was $15{\sim}86\%$ of standard external electron cone($15{\times}15cm^2$) and straight type was slightly higher then beveled type.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• 통권40호
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• pp.55-81
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• 2015

Animation as a public visuals media have been expanding increasingly its social and cultural influences beyond the ages and nations on the basis of global consumption. However, animation increases the negative impact in modern popular culture, and in regard to this, 'the recovery of ethics' should be considered in a reflexive and educational perspectives for the social role of animation. Thus, the research addresses the animation films of Brigham Young University students which contain a ethical values and receive attention by New York Times, etc. as a successful educational model. To do this, firstly, literature has reviewed by focusing on the negative impact of animation, 1) violence, 2) excessive sensationalism, 3) confusion of cultural identity, 4) gender discrimination, and 5) distorted view of history. Secondly, the education system of animation course at Brigham Young University will be analysed. Thirdly, based on this, the case study will be conducted by focusing on the 13 animation films of students to reveal the characteristics of the way of film direction. Through this research, firstly, most of animation films are comic genre, consisting of children and animal characters, family-friendly and lyrical story style and deployment of coincidental and allegoric incident. Thirdly, the religious spirit and multidisciplinary methods of education in Brigham Young University has influenced to the ethical expression and technical perfection in animation filmmaking. In the light of this, the research and suggests the new paradigm is for the practical disciplines of animation in the restoration of the ethical perspective and explores how the animation production adopts the moral significance.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2005

Three species of Gastrostyla ciliates collected from the sewage treatment plant and a puddle in the valley from Korea were identified as Gastrostyla minima Hemberger, 1985, G. steinii Engelmann, 1862 and G. setifera (Engelmann, 1862). The description was based on the observation of living specimens, protargol impregnated specimens and biometric analysis. The morphological variations among the populations of these species were investigated with morphometry. These species have not been reported in Korea and their diagnostic characteristics are as follows: G. minima normally has two oval macronuclei (Ma) with one spherical micronucleus (Mi) respectively, continuous ventral cirral row (VCR) with additional one postoral ventral cirrus (poVC), five transverse cirri (TC), six dorsal kineties (DK) with broken 4th kinety, and cortical granules. G. steinii has four oval Ma with three to five Mi, discontinuous VCR with additional one poVC, four TCs, six DKs, and no cortical granules. G. setifera has two oval Ma with one spherical Mi respectively, five TCs which distinctly separate in two groups, six DKs, discontinuous VCR with additional two poVCs, and no cortical granules.