• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.1437-1445
• /
• 2014

In this paper a novel method for angular position determination using sensors with sin/cos output and without an excitation signal, is presented. The linearization of the sensor transfer characteristic and digitalization of the measurement results are performed simultaneously with a goal to increase the measurement resolution. This improvement is particularly important for low angular velocities, and can be used to increase the resolution of incremental Hall, magnetic and optical sensors. This method includes two phases of sin/cos signal linearization. In the first linearization phase the pseudo-linear signal is generated. The second linearization phase, executed by the two-stage piecewise linear ADC, is an additional linearization of the pseudo-linear signal. Based on the LabVIEW software simulations of the proposed method, the contribution of each processing phase to a final measurement error is examined. After the proposed method is applied within $2{\pi}$ [rad] range, the maximal nonlinearity is reduced from 0.3307 [rad] ($18.9447^{\circ}$) to $3{\cdot}10^{-4}$ [rad] ($0.0172^{\circ}$).

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.56-71
• /
• 1987

Determination of navigation variables (latitude, longitude, and altitude) near the earth's surface is termed 'Terrestrial Navigation'. The quantities that are measured inertially are the total acceleration (or the integral fo this acceleration over a fixed time interval) and the total angular rate (or the integral of this angular rate over the same time interval). These measurements when suitably compensated can be manipulated to yield the navigation variables. Hence, it is essential that the initial values of position, orientation and velocity are accurately set up during the initial alignment process. Initial alignment of gimballed inertial navigation system ( GINS) is accomplished by gyrocompassing techniques. These cannot be used, in the case of strapdown inertial navigation system(SDINS), where the inertial instruments are directly strapped down to a vehicle frame. The basic objective of this paper is the development of digital method for the determination of the initial axes erection of a SDINS from vibration and sway currupted data on the launch pad.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2010

We propose an approach to estimate the real-time moving trajectory of an object in this paper. The object's position is obtained from the image data of a CCD camera, while a state estimator predicts the linear and angular velocities of the moving object. To overcome the uncertainties and noises residing in the input data, a Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) and neural networks are utilized cooperatively. Since the EKF needs to approximate a nonlinear system into a linear model in order to estimate the states, there still exist errors as well as uncertainties. To resolve this problem, in this approach the Kohonen networks, which have a high adaptability to the memory of the inputoutput relationship, are utilized for the nonlinear region. In addition to this, the Kohonen network, as a sort of neural network, can effectively adapt to the dynamic variations and become robust against noises. This approach is derived from the observation that the Kohonen network is a type of self-organized map and is spatially oriented, which makes it suitable for determining the trajectories of moving objects. The superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the EKF is demonstrated through real experiments.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2013

GPS 기반 차량 내비게이션은 신호 수신이 어려운 터널과 빌딩 숲 같은 곳에서 위치 정확도가 현저히 떨어진다. 이에 본 연구는 GPS 없이 차량의 내부 센서 데이터만을 이용하여 위치 자세를 결정하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법의 실현 가능성 확인하기 위하여 내부 센서 데이터와 기준 데이터를 동시에 취득할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하였다. 취득된 데이터와 이를 이용하여 제안된 방법으로 추정한 경로에 대한 정확도 평가를 수행하였다. 내부센서로 측정된 속력과 각속도는 각각 1.1 km/h와 0.8 deg/s정도의 RMS 오차를 보였고, 이를 이용하여 추정한 경로는 약 15분 정도 주행했을 때 20.8 m의 RMS 오차를 보였다. 향후 카메라와 GPS 등의 추가센서와 융합하면, 고가의 고정밀 외부 IMU가 없어도 높은 정확도의 저가 내비게이션으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.289-293
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the relationship between the stage of tooth eruption (both vertical and mesio-angular) and chronological age. Materials and Methods: Indirect digital panoramic radiographs were used to measure the distances from the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) of the second molars to the occlusal plane of the second molar teeth and of the adjacent third molars in 264 Thai males and 437 Thai females using ImageJ software. The ratio of those distances was calculated by patient age, and the correlation coefficient of the ratio of the third molar length to the second molar length was calculated. Results: The correlation between the height of the vertically erupted upper third molar teeth and age was at the intermediate level. The age range of ${\geq}15$ to <16 years was noted to be the range in which the correlation between the chronological age determined from the eruptional height and actual chronological age was statistically significant. The mean age of the female subjects, in which the position of the right upper third molar teeth was at or above the DEJ of the adjacent second molar but below one half of its coronal height was $19.9{\pm}2.6$ years. That for the left side was $20.2{\pm}2.7$ years. The mean ages of the male subjects were $20.1{\pm}3.3$ years and $19.8{\pm}2.7$ years for the right and left sides, respectively. Conclusion: It might be possible to predict chronological age from the eruption height of the wisdom teeth.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.31-46
• /
• 2009

An Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for estimation of the attitude and rate of a spacecraft using only magnetometer vector measurement is developed. The attitude dynamics used in the estimation is the nonlinear Euler's rotational equation which is augmented with the quaternion kinematics to construct a process model. The filter is designed for small satellite in low Earth orbit, so the disturbance torques include gravity-gradient torque, magnetic disturbance torque, and aerodynamic drag torque. The magnetometer measurements are simulated based on time-varying position of the spacecraft. The filter has been tested not only in the standby mode but also in the detumbling mode. Two types of actuators have been modeled and applied in the simulation. The PD controller is used for the two types of actuators (reaction wheels and thrusters) to detumble the spacecraft. The estimation error converged to within 5 deg for attitude and 0.1 deg/s for rate respectively when the two types of actuators were used. A joint state parameter estimation has been tested and the effect of the process noise covariance on the parameter estimation has been indicated. Also, Monte-Carlo simulations have been performed to test the capability of the filter to converge with the initial conditions sampled from a uniform distribution. Finally, the UKF performance has been compared to that of the EKF and it demonstrates that UKF slightly outperforms EKF. The developed algorithm can be applied to any type of small satellites that are actuated by magnetic torquers, reaction wheels or thrusters with a capability of magnetometer vector measurements for attitude and rate estimation.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2002

준설작업 효율성은 장비의 형식, 준설토의 특성, 작업의 성격, 작업 시행 전.후에 이루어지는 측량작업 등에 의해 결정된다. 특히, 준설선의 위치제어와 준설지점의 수심 측량은 전체 공정의 효율성 결정에 중요한 인자가 된다. 우리나라 준설업체가 주로 보유하고 있는 펌프식 준설선은 연속작업이 가능하고, 타 기종에 비해 작업해역에서 탁도 발생이 적다는 장점이 있지만 제거되는 슬러리에 토사 함유량이 적고, 위치 정확도가 낮다는 큰 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 LADGPS, 조석관측시스템, 광센서 각도추출장치, GIS와 전자해도를 이용하여 4개의 하부시스템으로 구성된 펌프식 준설선 통합공정관리시스템을 개발하여 준설선 위치제어, 실재 굴착이 이루어지는 준설지점의 위치결정, 작업해역의 조위가 보정된 실시간 수심결정, 작업지시내용 및 작업성과를 기록하고 이들 모든 정보를 작업자 모두가 실시간으로 모니터링하고 제어하는 공정관리를 수행할 수 치도록 하였다. 이 시스템을 펌프식 준설선인 '||'&'||'quot;은진PD-2'||'&'||'quot;에 설치하여 운영하였으며, 기존의 작업방식과의 작업효율성 비교를 위한 작업성과 데이타는 아직 추출하지 못했지만 일부 유사한 하$\circledcirc$시스템이 적용된 그라브 쿤설선 공정관리시스템의 효율성 분석결과에서 준설해역의 편평도가 45cm 이내로 양호하고, 작업기간을 227f 단축하였으며, 작업비용을 16.6% 절감된 것으로 나타났다.