• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2014

Objective : To determine deformity correction by postural correction and subsequent balloon inflation in acute vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and to examine the effect of bone mineral density on deformity correction. Methods : A totol of 50 acute OVCFs received balloon kyphoplasty. Lateral radiographs were taken and analyzed at five different time points : 1) preoperative, 2) after placing the patient in prone hyperextended position, 3) after balloon inflation, 4) after deposition of the cement, and 5) postoperative. All fractures were analyzed for height restoration of anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) vertebra as well as Cobb angle and Kyphotic angle. The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. According to the T-score, the patients were divided into two groups which were osteoporosis group and osteopenia group. Results : Postoperative measurements of Ha, Hm and the Cobb angle demonstrated significant reduction of 4.62 mm, 3.66 mm and $5.34^{\circ}$ compared with the preoperative measurements, respectively (each p<0.05). Postural correction significantly increased Ha by 5.51 mm, Hm by 4.35 mm and improved the Cobb angle by $8.32^{\circ}$ (each p<0.05). Balloon inflation did not demonstrate a significant improvement of Ha, Hm or the Cobb angle compared with baseline prone hyperextended. Postural correction led to greater improvements of Ha, Hm and Cobb angle in osteoporosis group than osteopenia group (each p<0.05). Conclusion : In acute OVCFs, the height restoration was mainly attributed to postural correction rather than deformity correction by balloon inflation. BMD affected deformity correction in the process of postural correction.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2008

반접현상(Aliasing)을 제거하기위한 방법 중 속도범위(velocity scale)를 높이는 방법은 동일 조건하에서 속도범위를 높여줌으로써 혈류의 방향이 반대로 나타나는 현상이 점차 사라지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Doppler angle을 $0^{\circ}$에 가깝게 하는 실험에서는 각도의 변화에 따른 스펙트럼 파형에서 유의한 차이점을 발견을 하지 못했다. 실제 초음파 검사(Ultrasonography)를 시행할 때는 검사의 편의성과 신속성, 정확성을 고려해서 속도범위에 변화를 주어 검사함으로써 보다 정확한 검사가 시행되리라고 본다. 또한 Doppler Angle에 따라 혈류속도는 기하학적으로 증가하였으며, $70^{\circ}$ 이상에서는 측정불가능 할 정도로 수치가 급상승하여 혈류속도가 Doppler Angle에 크게 의존한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 혈류의 방향에 따른 실험에서는 입사각이 $60^{\circ}$ 이상에서 오차범위가 증가하였고, $70^{\circ}$ 이상에서는 매우 큰 차이를 보였다. 따라서 입사각은 $60^{\circ}$ 이하가 적당하다고 보며, 사지 혈관(extremity vessel)의 혈류속도를 구하는 데 있어서 Doppler 각도는 $45^{\circ}$에서 $60^{\circ}$가 적절한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.509-522
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• 1996

하악골 성장양상이 진단과 치료, 치료후 예후에 특히 중요한 III급 부정교합자에 있어 그 성장양상을 예측하는데 도움을 주고자 사춘기 전으로 생각되는 남자 10-12세군(G1군)과 악골성장이 거의 끝난 것으로 생각되는 성인으로 남자 20세 이상군(G2군)에 대하여 각각 이부비율에 따라 다시 3군으로 분류하고 이부형태와 두개안면형태의 연관성을 연구 한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 평균 이부비율에 있어 G2군이 G1군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. G1군과 G2군 모두 이부비율과 두개저 계측항목과는 상관성이 없었다(P>0.05). 3. 상하악골의 수평적 관계 계측항목에서 G1군과 G2군 모두 이부비율과 상악골 계측항목과는 상관성이 없었다(p>0.05). 또한 G1군과 G2군 모두 L, A, S군간 하악의 전후적 위치는 뚜렷한 차이가 없고, 단지 G1군의 Y-axis angle에서 L군이 S군에 비해 크고 G2군은 Pog to Na perp.에서 S군이 L군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 4. 하악골의 형태 계측항목에서 gonial angle은 G1군과 G2군 모두 이부비율이 클 수록 수치적으로 증가하나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). Lower genial angle과 chin angle은 G1군에서 L군과 A군이 S군보다 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 5. 안면의 수직적 관계 계측항목에서 G1군은 L군이 S군에 비해 전안면고경, 전하안면고경이 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 크며(p<0.05) 하악골이 하방성장한 경향을 보여주었다. 6. 치아의 위치 및 경사도 계측항목에서 G1군은 하방성장을 많이 한 L군이 S군에 비해 상하악 치아들이 정출되어 있는 경향을 보여주었지만 G2군은 단지 하악치아 만이 그러한 경향이 있었다. 7. 이부비율과 다른 계측항목과의 상관분석에서 G1군은 chin angle, PP/MP angle, ANS-Me등 많은 계측항목에서 G2군은 단지 MP-LIT와 MP-LMMC에서 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 상관성을 보였다(p<0.05, p<0.01). 이상을 종합하면 어린 남자군인 G1군에서는 이부비율이 큰 군(L군)과 작은 군(S군)사이에 수평적 골격관계는 차이가 없으나 수직적 골격관계는 L군이 S군에 비해 하악골이 하방으로 많이 성장한 경향을 보여주었다. 하지만 성인 남자군인 G2군에서는 이부비율에 따른 안면골격의 뚜렷한 형태적 차이를 보여주지 않았다.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2007

Angle sensors based on the principle of autocollimation, which are usually called autocollimators, can accurately measure small tilt angles of a light-reflecting flat surface. This paper describes a prototype micro-angle sensor that is based on the laser autocollimation technique. The new angle sensor is compact and consists of a laser diode as the light source and a quadrant photodiode as a position-sensing device. Because of its concise design, the microangle sensor facilitates dynamic measurements of the angular error motions of a precision stage without influencing the original dynamic properties of the stage. This is because the sensor only requires a small extra target mirror to be mounted on the stage. The sensitivity of the angle detection is independent of the focal length of the objective lens; therefore, an objective lens with a relatively short focal length is employed to reduce the size of the device. The micro-angle sensor uses a single lens for the both the laser collimation and focusing, which distinguishes it from the conventional laser autocollimation method that has separate collimate and objective lenses. The new micro-angle sensor has dimensions of $15.1\times22.0\times14.0mm$ and its resolution is better than 0.1 arc-second The optical design and performance of this micro-angle sensor were verified by experimental results.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.385-389
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• 2013

This paper proposes the leader-follower based formation control method for multiple mobile robots. The controller is designed using the measurements of the follower robot such as the relative distance and angle between the leader and the follower. This means that the follower robot does not require the information of the leader robot while keeping the desired formation. Therefore, the proposed control method can reduce the communication loss and the cost for hardware. From Lyapunov stability theory, it is shown that all error signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제20회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.105-116
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• 2000

An Experimental study was conducted on spray combustion using dual swirlers at different outlet angle; co-swirl and counter-swirl. To understand the characteristics of turbulent spray combustion of dual swril flow(DSF), the axial helical annular vaned swirlers with various swirl ratios and combination of angle and direction were designed. and temperature measurements of a rapidly thermocouple insertion and measurements of soot volume fraction and microrstructure using thermophoretic sampling particle diagnostic(TSPD) as TEM were carried out. The NOx, $CO_2$,$O_2$, etc. was analyzed using emission gas analyzer. The results show that flame stability were maintained under very lean condition. for both co-swirl and counter-swirl case. And though Counter-swirl case kept the higher temperature region compared to co-swirl case, Counter-swirl combustion represented less NOx emission and soot formation than co-swirl case.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.242-247
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• 2004

An Experimental study was conducted on spray combustion using dual swirlers at different outlet angle; co-swirl and counter-swirl. To understand the characteristics of turbulent spray combustion of dual swirl flow (DSF), the axial helical annular vaned swirlers with various swirl ratios and combination of angle and direction were designed. and temperature measurements of a rapidly thermocouple insertion and measurements of soot volume fraction and microrstructure using thermophoretic sampling particle diagnostic (TSPD) as TEM were carried out. The NOx, $CO_2$, $O_2$, etc. was analyzed using emission gas analyzer. The results show that flame stability were maintained under very lean condition. for both co-swirl and counter-swirl case. And though Counter-swirl case kept the higher temperature region compared to co-swirl case, Counter-swirl combustion represented less NOx emission and soot formation than co-swirl case.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2000

An Experimental study was conducted on spray combustion using dual swirlers at different outlet angle; co-swirl and counter-swirl. To understand the characteristics of turbulent spray combustion of dual swril flow(DSF), the axial helical annular vaned swirlers with various swirl ratios and combination of angle and direction were designed. and temperature measurements of a rapidly thermocouple insertion and measurements of soot volume fraction and microstructure using thermophoretic sampling particle diagnostic(TSPD) as TEM were carried out. The NOx, $CO_2,\;O_2$, etc. was analyzed using emission gas analyzer. The results show that flame stability were maintained under very lean condition. for both co-swirl and counter-swirl case. And though Counter-swirl case kept the higher temperature region compared to co-swirl case, Counter-swirl combustion represented less NOx emission and soot formation than co-swirl case.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2014

Modelling and measurements of normal and lateral stiffness for atomic force microscopy (AFM) are presented in this work. Important issues, such as element discretisation, stiffness calibration, and deflection angle are explored using the finite element (FE) model. Elements with various dimension ratios are investigated and comparisons with several mathematical models are reported to verify the accuracy of the model. Investigation of the deflection angle of a cantilever is also shown. Moreover, AFM force measurement experiments with conical and colloid probe tips are demonstrated. The relationships between force and displacement, required for stiffness measurement, in normal and lateral directions are acquired for the conical tip and the limitations of the colloid probe tip are highlighted.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2004

The vortex flow characteristics of a sharp-edged delta wing at high angles of attack were studied using a computational technique. Three dimensional, compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved to understand the effects of the angle of yaw, angle of attack, and free stream velocity on the development and interaction of vortices and the relationship between suction pressure distributions and vortex flow characteristics. The present computations gave qualitatively reasonable predictions of vortical flows over a delta wing, compared with past wind tunnel measurements. With an increase in the angle of yaw, the symmetry of the pair of leading edge vortices was broken and the vortex strength was decreased on both windward and leeward sides. An increase in the free stream velocity resulted in stronger leading edge vortices with an outboard movement.