• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of white noise on dynamic balance in patients with stroke during walking. Method: Nineteen patients with chronic stroke (age: 61.2±9.8 years, height: 164.4±7.4 cm, weight: 61.1±9.4 kg, paretic side (R/L): 11/8, duration: 11.6±4.9 years) were included as study participants. Auditory stimulus used white noise, and all participants listened for 40 minutes mixing six types of natural sounds with random sounds. The dynamic balancing ability was evaluated while all participants walked before and after listening to white noise. The variables were the center of pressure (CoP), the center of mass (CoM), CoP-CoM inclined angle. Results: There is a significant increase in the antero-posterior (A-P) CoP range, A-P inclination angle, and gait speed on the paretic and non-paretic sides following white noise intervention (p<.05). Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the positive effect of using white noise as auditory stimulus through a more objective and quantitative assessment using CoP-CoM inclination angle as an evaluation indicator for assessing dynamic balance in patients with chronic stroke. The A-P and M-L inclination angle can be employed as a useful indicator for evaluating other exercise programs and intervention methods for functional enhancement of patients with chronic stroke in terms of their effects on dynamic balance and effectiveness.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 두 개의 사인파 신호의 위상 차이를 계산해 내기위한 개선된 위상 측정 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 알고리즘은 두 개의 입력신호의 양자화된 샘플링 데이터를 사용하여 위상과 크기를 구해낸다. 측정 알고리즘의 중요 파라메타들은 몇개의 해석식으로 표현되기 때문에 위상을 계산하기 위해 필요한 연산량이 상당히 줄어들고 따라서 더 빠른 속도로 위상을 계산해 낼 수 있게 되었다. 또한 본 논문에서 제시한 알고리즘을 사용하여 입력신호의 한주기 전체를 샘플링할 경우에는 입력신호에 harmonic distortion이 발생하더라도 위상 측정 오차가 전혀 발생하지 않음을 수식으로 증명하였으며 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 이를 확인하였다. 그리고 입력신호에 가우시안 백색 잡음(white gaussian noise)이 발생할 경우에 위상 측정 오차가 얼마나 발생하는 지에 대하여 여러 가지 관점에서 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 그 결과를 분석하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2002

The responses of composite laminated beams modeled with finite element and excited by stochastic loading are studied. The cantilevered laminated beam having a 5 ply configuration is considered. The beam is 1m long, 0.1m wide, and 0.02m thick, yielding a length to thickness ratio of L/h=50. The laminated beams was assumed to be made of Born Epoxy. The four nodes at the free end of the cantilever were loaded with identical zero-mean white noise excitations. Stress and failure analysis loaded with identical zero-mean white noise excitations is carried out. Along with the obtained results, comparison and discussion are presented for the cases of symmetric-ply, antisymmetric-ply, angle-ply, and cross-ply laminated beams.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2013

White-light phase-shifting interferometry (WLPSI) is widely recognized as a standard method to measure shapes with high resolution over a long distance. In practical applications, WLPSI, however, is associated with some degree of ambiguity of its phase, which occurs due to a phase delay, which is the offset between the phase of the fringes and the fringe envelope peak position. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for the determination of a fringe order suitable for samples in which the phase delay mainly occurs due to noise, diffraction and a steep angle. The concepts of the decouple factor and the connectivity are introduced and a method for calculating the decouple factor and the connectivity is developed. With the phase-unwrapping procedure which considers these values, it is demonstrated that our algorithm determines the correct fringe order. To verify the performance of the algorithm, a simulation was performed with the virtual step height under noise. Some specimens such as step height standard and a column spacer with a steep angle are also measured with a Mirau interference microscope, after which the algorithm is shown to be effective and robust.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1211-1215
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• 2003

Accurate mathematical models of spacecraft components are an essential of spacecraft attitude control system design, analysis and simulation. Gyro is one of the most important spacecraft components used for attitude propagation and control. Gyro errors may seriously degrade the accuracy of the calculated spacecraft angular rate and of attitude estimates due to inherent drift and bias errors. In order to validate this model, nominal case simulation has been performed and compared for the low range mode and high range mode, respectively. In this paper, a mathematical model of gyro containing the relationships for predicting spacecraft angular rate and disturbances is proposed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.868-872
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• 2005

Individual management of the animal is the first step towards reaching the goal of precision livestock farming that aids animal welfare. Accurate recognition of each individual animal is important for precise management. Electronic identification of cattle, usually referred to as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), has many advantages for farm management. In practice, however, RFID implementations can cause several problems. Reading speed and distance must be optimized for specific applications. Image processing is more effective than RFID for the development of precision farming system in livestock. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to attempt the identification of cattle by using image processing. The majority of the research on the identification of cattle by using image processing has been for the black-and-white patterns of the Holstein. But, native Japanese and Korean cattle do not have a consistent pattern on the body, so that identification by pattern is impossible. This research aims to identify to Japanese black cattle, which does not have a black-white pattern on the body, by using image processing and a neural network algorithm. 12 Japanese black cattle were tested. Values of input parameter were calculated by using the face image values of 12 cows. The face was identified by the associate neural memory algorithm, and the algorithm was verified by the transformed face image, for example, of brightness, distortion, noise and angle. As a result, there was difference due to a transformation ratio of the brightness, distortion, noise, and angle. The algorithm could identify 100% in the range from -30 to +30 degrees of brightness, -20 to +40 degrees of distortion, 0 to 60% of noise and -20 to +30 degree of angle transformed images.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2000

In this Paper a basic technique of gantry robot control system has been developed to weld the curved part of a large structure. A welding robot is designed to rotate torch and make the torch angle normal to the welding surface. The Kalman filter is applied to obtain the smooth welding path signal from the noised Sensing data. A welding path finding algorithm has been developed in Turbo-C language.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

To solve the problem of parameter optimization in image sensor-based visible light positioning systems, theoretical limits for both the location and the azimuth angle of the image sensor receiver (ISR) are calculated. In the case of a typical indoor scenario, maximum likelihood estimations for both the location and the azimuth angle of the ISR are first deduced. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is then derived, under the condition that the observation values of the image points are affected by white Gaussian noise. For typical parameters of LEDs and image sensors, simulation results show that accurate estimates for both the location and azimuth angle can be achieved, with positioning errors usually on the order of centimeters and azimuth angle errors being less than $1^{\circ}$. The estimation accuracy depends on the focal length of the lens and on the pixel size and frame rate of the ISR, as well as on the number of transmitters used.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2009

목 적 : 영상진단영역에서 이용되고 있는 3T(T, tesla) MR의 스핀에코(SE, spin echo) T1강조영상(T1-Weighted image)기법에서 숙임각(FA, flip angle)의 변화에 따른 영상의 질을 나타내는 신호대 잡음비(SNR, signal to noise ratio), 대조도 잡음비(CNR, contrast to noise ratio)를 평가한 후 특이흡수율(SAR, specific absorption rate)을 줄이면서 CNR를 향상시킬 수 있는 적정의 숙임각을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 고식적 스핀에코에서 통상적으로 사용하는 90$^\circ$ RF pulse 대신 50$^\circ$ RF pulse에서 130$^\circ$까지 10$^\circ$씩 증가시키면서 대뇌 T1강조영상을 획득하였다. 이 영상들에서 백질(WM, white matter), 회백질(GM, gray matter)과 배경(background)에서 각각 신호강도를 측정하여 SNR를 구하였고, 기존의 T1 이완곡선 R1 = 1- exp ($\frac{-TR}{T1}$)으로, 즉 Ernst angle cos $\theta$ = exp ($\frac{-TR}{T1}$)과의 관계성으로 T1강조영상에서 WM과 GM의 SNR과 CNR의 정규성 검정과 비모수 검정인 Kruskal-wallis 분석으로 적정의 숙임각을 알아보고자 하였다. 결 과 : WM와 GM의 신호강도와 배경잡음 신호강도를 이용하여 SNR를 구한 결과 WM의 SNR는 숙임각 50$^\circ$보다 130$^\circ$에서 1.6배 정도 증가하였고, GM의 SNR는 약 1.9배 정도 높게 나타났다. 두 조직의 SNR은 T1 이완곡선과 동일한 양상을 보여주고 있다. R1 = 1- exp ($\frac{-TR}{T1}$)으로 분석한 SNR의 신호증가가 둔화되는 기점이 WM은 120$^\circ$의 숙임각에서, GM은 110$^\circ$ 이후로 나타나 두 조직에서 다르게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. WM과 GM의 SNR는 130$^\circ$의 숙임각에서 높았지만 CNR에 있어서는 80$^\circ$에서 최고 높게 나타났으며, 80$^\circ$ 전후의 숙임각에서는 감소하였다. 결론 : 3.0T MR의 SE T1강조영상 기법에서 숙임각의 증가에 따라 SNR는 증가하였지만 CNR는 이전까지의 임상에서 사용하는 숙임각이 90$^\circ$ 보다 적은 80$^\circ$에서 CNR이 최고로 나타나 통상적으로 사용하는 숙임각보다 10$^\circ$ 낮은 RF pulse duration time 사용함으로써 3T에서 문제로 제기된 SAR도 줄일 수 있었다. 앞으로 3.0T MR의 SE T1강조영상 기법에서 적정 숙임각을 사용함으로서 CNR을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대되어진다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

Step-edge Josephson junctions (SEJ) have been fabricated on sapphire substrates with in situ deposited films of CeO$_2$ buffer layer and YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7}$ films on the low angle steps. Direct coupled SQUID magnetometers with the SEJ were formed on 1 cm X 1 cm R-plane sapphire substrates. Typical 5-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-wide Josephson junctions have R$_{N}$ of 3 Ω and I$_{c}$ of 50 $mutextrm{A}$ at 77 K. The direct coupled SQUID magnetometers were designed to have pickup coils of 50-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-wide 16 parallel loops on the 1 cm X 1 cm substrates with outer dimension of 8.8 mm X 8.8 mm. The SEJ SQUID magnetometers exhibit relatively low 1/f noise even with dc bias control, and could be stably controlled by flux-locked loops in the magnetically disturbed environment. Field noise of the do SQUID was measured to be 200∼300 fT/Hz$^{1}$2/in the white noise region and about 2 pT/Hz$^{1}$2/ at 1 Hz when measured with dc bias method.hod.d.