• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 1991

The high affinity binding sites for angiotensin II were solubilized from rat liver membranes by treatment with CHAPS. The binding protein was also partially purified by angiotensin III inhibitor-coupled Affi-gel affinity chromatography. Binding to the intact membrances as well as to the solubilized preparation was specific and saturable. According to the Scatchard plot, the membrane preparations exhibited a single class of high affinity binding sites with a Kd OF 0.71 nM. The solubilized preparation also showed the presence of a single class of bindings sites with less affinity (Kd of 14 nM). Meanwhile the competition studies using angiotensin II analogues represented two separate binding sites for angiotensin II and single binding site for antagonist. These latter findings were correlated to the results provided by Garrison's research group. More works are needed to clarify this discrepancy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.493-497
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• 2002

The polyphenol compounds of Korea ginseng radix were extracted with 60% acetone for 4 days at room temperature and purified using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI gel column chromatography, Bondapak $C_{18}$, column chromatography, TLC and HPLC. As a result in three compounds were isolated from Korean ginseng. In the inhibitory activities of angiotensin converting enzyme, compound Ⅱ showed the highest value of 31.86% inhibition at 157 ppm. Compound I showed 19.4% inhibition at 157 ppm. In the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase, compound I, II showed complete inhibition at 666 ppm but compound III didn't have inhibitory activity. In the inhibitory activities of tyrosninase, compound III showed 6.1% inhibition at 300 ppm and 28.6% at 400 ppm.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.920-927
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• 2012

The objective of this research was to develop the functional material of water and 60% ethanol extracts from nine kinds of mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) that influence the inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme, xanthine oxidase, ${\alpha}$-amylase, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. The total phenolic contents in the water extracts were over 2 mg/g in two species (Cheongilppong and Kangwon III) and five species (Daeyoupchosaeng, Cheongilppong, Kangwon III, Hihak, and Cataneo) of 60% ethanol extracts. The inhibitory activity against the angiotensin-converting enzyme was determined with them. Baekwoon III was $90.9{\pm}4.5%$ in the water extracts, and Hihak was $81.8{\pm}4.5%$ in the 60% ethanol extracts. The inhibitory activity of Kuksang 20 against xanthin oxidase was about 10% in the water extracts, and Cataneo was $21.4{\pm}2.3%$ in the 60% ethanol extracts. Six of the species (Daeyoupchosaeng, Suwonppong, Cheongilppong, Kangwon III, Hihak, and Kuksang 20) in the water extracts showed inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-amylase, as 100%, respectively. The inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was determined for these nine species. Four species (Baekwoon III, Daeyoupchosaeng, Cheongilppong, Kangwon III, Hihak, and Kuksang 20) in the water extracts and three species (Daechoukmyeun, Kangwon III, and Kuksang 20) in the 60% ethanol extracts showed inhibition of over 20%. The results revealed strong biological activity in spite of little total phenolic contents. These water and 60% ethanol extracts with high-quality biological activity from various mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) are expected to represent good candidates for the development of antihypertentive and antidiabetes sources.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2000

Purpose: Cyclosporine(CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant but the use of CsA is associated with various side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. In tile kidney, salt depletion activates tile renin-angiotensin-aldosteron(RAS) system and accentuates chronic CsA nephropathy. We postulate that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI) can prevent chronic CsA nephropathy, since ACEI may inhibit this cascades. This study was aimed to assess the effect of ACEI on chronic cyclosporin nephropathy in salt depleted rats. Methods: 36 Fischer-344 rats were divided into 6 goups. Group I received normal salt diet(NSD). Group II received a low salt diet(LSD). Group III received CsA with a NSD. Group IV received CsA with a LSD. Group V received NSD+CsA with ACEI. Group VI received LSD+CsA with ACEI. Rats were sacrificed after six weeks and the glomerular filtration rate(GFR), serum sodium, potassium and whole blood cyclosporine levels were measured. Renal tissues me sampled for the observation of histological changes. Results: No differences in blood CsA level & serum sodium were found between groups during the course of this experiment. Serum potassium in group VI was significantly increased compared with group IV and V (P<0.05). In groups treated with CsA only and in those where CsA was combined with ACEI, GFR was found to be significantly more decreased in LSD than NSD, and GFR in group V was significantly decreased in comparison with group III (P<0.05). Renal histologic lesions associated with CsA which consisted of cortical interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and hyalinization of arterioles were more severe in tile LSD group. But, no differences were observed between tile groups treated with CsA and ACEI, and the groups treated with only CsA. Conclusion: Salt depletion associated with the activation of the RAS system accentuated chronic CsA nephrotoxicity, but, ACEI could not reduce the functional and morphological changes of salt depleted kidneys, in which nephropathy can be exacerbated in spite of the blocking of the angiotensin II pathway. further studies are required to elucidate whether Am ameliorated the effect of salt-depleted CsA nephrotoxicity upon the effective renal blood flow.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.200-202
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• 1981

Alisol B(II) and alisol B monoacetate (III) isolated from the rhizome of Alisma orientale Jazepczuk (Alismataceae) showed antagonistic effects against the contractions induced by angiotensin and bradykinin in rat ileum. However, they seem to be nonspecific antagonism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2003

From the 80% ethanol extraction of onion flesh, fraction I,II and III were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Fraction II and III had a high inhibitory effect on ACE and xanthine oxidase. The ACE was about 80% at 50 ppm of fraction IIand III. The xanthine oxidase was about 82.5% at 100 ppm of fraction In. This research was studied to investigate the effects of the fraction In isolated from onion on the reduction of fat accumulation in rats fed high fat diet for 2 months. The metabolism was examined by analyzing the fat in serum and liver. It was shown that cholesterol in serum was remarkably reduced in onion fraction In as compared with those of control.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain a fraction with high antioxidative activity from second rockfish gelatin hydrolysates (SRSGHs), which were hydrolyzed with Alcalase and Flavourzyme through ultrafiltration membranes with serial digestions for 1 and 2 h, respectively, and to investigate the feasibility of this fraction as a potential functional food ingredient. Among various fractions that were ultrafiltered from the SRSGH with four types of membrane (1, 5, 10, and 30 kDa), the SRSGH-III fraction, which permeated the 10 kDa membrane but not the 5 kDa membrane, showed the highest antioxidant activity (protection factor=5.13) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme-inhibiting activity ($IC_{50}$=0.82 mg/mL). These results suggest that the SRSGH-III fraction from the SRSGH can be used as a functional food ingredient. However, further studies examining its antioxidant activity in vivo as well as the different antioxidant mechanisms are needed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.775-779
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• 2002

Barley brans, divided into fractions I $(pearlers\;1{\sim}4)$, II $(pearlers\;5{\sim}20)$, and III $(pearlers \;21{\sim}24)$, germ, and broken kernels were collected as pearling by-products produced by an industrial process consisting of 24 consecutive barley pearlers. The pearling by-products were extracted with 75% ethanol, and polyphenol extracts were separated using Sepabeads SP-850 resin. Total polyphenol content was the highest (43.68%) in the polyphenol extract separated from fraction I. Polyphenol compounds analyzed by HPLC were tentatively identified as proanthocyanins and prodelphinidin polymers, which were known to have antioxidative and antimutagenic activities. Antioxidative abilities were estimated to be in the following order: fraction I>germ>fraction II>fraction III. At 0.01% polyphenol extract, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity was the highest in the germ fraction (40.04%). Nitrite-scavenging activity was over 70% in all fractions. Superoxide dismutase-like activity was in the range of $64{\sim}78%$ in fractions I and II.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2022

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a hypercoagulable state in which children are at risk of venous thromboembolism. A higher risk has been reported in children with steroid-resistant NS than in those with steroid-sensitive NS. The mortality rate of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is approximately 10% and generally results from cerebral herniation in the acute phase and an underlying disorder in the chronic phase. Our patient initially manifested as a child with massive proteinuria and generalized edema. He was treated with albumin replacement and diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and deflazacort. Non-contrast computed tomography showed areas of hyperattenuation in the superior sagittal sinus when he complained of severe headache and vomiting. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed empty delta signs in the superior sagittal, lateral transverse, and sigmoid sinuses, suggesting acute CVST. Immediate anticoagulation therapy was started with unfractionated heparin, antithrombin III replacement, and continuous antiproteinuric treatment. The current report describes a life-threatening CVST in a child with steroid-dependent NS, initially diagnosed by contrast non-enhanced computed tomography and subsequently confirmed by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, followed by magnetic resonance venography for recanalization, addressing successful treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1989

Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the development of hypertension in 2-kidney, 1-clip (2-K, 1-C) rats were examined. In one group of rats, ANP infusion (500 ng/hr, iv) started immediately after clipping the renal artery. Another group of rats with one kidney-clipped was without ANP infusion and served as a control. Blood pressure was measured on days 4, 7, and 10 following clipping the renal artery. Upon the last blood pressure measurement finished, blood sample was collected by decapitation to measure plasma renin activity (PRA), and both kidneys were taken to weigh and to measure renin content. The ANP-infused group showed an attenuation of increases in blood pressure compared to the non-infused control group. PRA was lower in the ANP-infused group than in the non-infused group. Cortical renal renin content (RRC) of the clipped kidneys was not different between ANP-infused and non-infused groups. The clipped kidneys showed a higher RRC and weighed less than the non-clipped contralateral kidneys within each group. In contrast, sham-clipped rats did not show significant changes in any of the parameters examined regardless of whether ANP was infused or not. These results demonstrate that chronic ANP infusion does not prevent but does attenuate the development of hypertension in 2-K, 1-C rats. It is suggested that ANP plays a role in the long-term regulation of blood pressure, at least in part, by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-system.