• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 관상동맥 중재술로 관상동맥 약물방출 스텐트(drug-eluting stent, DES) 삽입 후 스텐트 골절에 대한 임상적 특성, 결과 및 예후에 대하여 연구하였다. 약물방출 스텐트 시술을 받고 추적 관상동맥조영술을 실시한 4,701명 환자에서 스텐트 골절이 발생한 환자는 32명(남:여=19:13, 평균연령 $62.44{\pm}9.8$세, 0.68%)이었다. DES의 종류별 스텐트 골절의 빈도는 SES(sirolimus- eluting stents) 19(59.4%), PES(paclitaxel-eluting stents) 9명(28.1%), BES(biolimus A9-eluting stents) 2명(6.3%), EES(everolimus-eluting stents) 1명(3.1%), EPC(endothelial progenitor cell capture stent) 1명(3.1%), ZES(zotarolimus-eluting stents) 0명(0%) 이었다. 표적 병변은 우관상동맥 13명(40.6%) 좌전하행지 16명(50.0%), 좌회선지 3명(9.4%)이었다. 각 혈관의 병변 형태는 복잡병변인 B2, C형이 25명(69.4%)이었다. 스텐트 골절 환자 중 스텐트 내 협착은 17명(53.1%)이었으며, 스텐트 골절 병변에 대한 치료는 내과적 관찰 16명(50.0%), 동종의 관상동맥 DES 시술 3명(9.4%), 이종의 관상동맥 DES 시술 10명(31.3%), 관상동맥 풍선 확장술 3명(9.4%)이었다. 추적검사에서는 $32.9{\pm}12.4$개월 동안 스텐트 골절로 인한 사망을 포함한 심장사는 발생하지 않았다. 결론적으로 관상동맥 중재술로 관상동맥 DES를 시술받은 추적관찰 대상 환자에서 3.7년 추적관찰 기간 동안 스텐트 골절 발생률은 0.68%로 나타났으며, PES보다 SES에서 많은 발생 빈도를 보였다. 좌전하행지와 복잡병변에 대한 시술 후 스텐트 골절이 많이 발생하였다. 또한 스텐트 골절 정도와 협착 병변이 중대한 경우에만 관상동맥 중재술을 실시하였으며, 추적관찰 기간 중 스텐트 골절이 있는 환자는 병용 항혈소판 요법을 지속적으로 투여하였다. 특히 사망을 포함한 주요 심장사건에 관련하여 스텐트 골절과 연관된 심장사의 발생률은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해서 스텐트가 가지고 있는 특성 스텐트 디자인이 폐쇄형(closed cell) 디자인 SES에서 발생 빈도가 높음을 제시함으로써 스텐트 개발에 도움이 될 거라 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.753-759
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• 1989

Recently, the arterial switch operation has received more interest and increased application for many patients with TGA [Transposition of the Great Arteries]. Not all patients, however, are suitable candidates for this approach, and its success will be measured against the Senning procedure. From June 1982 through June 1989, 48 consecutive patients underwent correction of TGA by a modification of the Senning procedure in our hospital. 34 were males and 14 females, with ages ranging from 3 months to 99 months [mean age 14 months]. The patients were divided into two groups, group I [TGA with intact ventricular septum or without significant pulmonary hypertension] and group II [TGA with significant pulmonary hypertension]. The hospital mortality was 9.5 % in group I and 55.6 % in group lI. 31 patients were discharged from the hospital after a Senning operation and have been followed a mean of 31.2 months. There were 5 late deaths, 3 in group I and 2 in group II. All patients were followed up with EKG, echocardiogram, and in several cases, Holter monitor and cardiac catheterization and angiography were also performed. There have been arrhythmias in 7, superior vena caval obstruction in 5, pulmonary venous obstruction in 2 and tricuspid insufficiency and/or right ventricular dysfunction in 16 patients. The Senning operation for Simple TGA can be performed with a low operative mortality and morbidity, but tricuspid insufficiency and/or depressed right ventricular function can be a problem with prolonged follow up.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 주기적으로 follow up CT를 촬영하는 뇌출혈 환자에게 조영제의 양을 줄임으로써 줄이기 전과 후의 영상의 화질의 차이가 있는지에 관하여 조사하는 것이었고, 줄이기 전과 후의 영상을 검사한 후 MMWP 프로그램을 이용하여 각각의 혈관 위치에 ROI를 설정하여 화질을 평가하였다. 먼저 Rt. CCA, Lt.CCA. Rt.MCA, Lt.MCA, Basilar artery에 각각 ROI를 잡았다. 둘째, 잡은 ROI에 대한 평균값과 표준편차값을 구하였다. 셋째, 구해진 평균값과 표준편차 값을 통하여 SNR과 CNR을 구하였다. 구하여진 SNR값과 CNR값을 T-test 통계를 구한 결과 SNR에 대한 결과 값은 Rt.CCA 0.765, Lt.CCA 0.871, Rt.MCA 0.343, Lt.MCA 0.235, Basilar artery 0.916이며, CNR에 대한 결과 값은 Rt.CCA 0.088, Lt.CCA 0.069, Rt.MCA 0.818, Lt.. MCA 0.579, Basilar artery 0.878로 나타났다. 구해진 SNR값과 CNR값을 통하여 통계를 구한 결과값이 조영제를 줄이기 전과 후의 영상의 화질에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구가 주기적으로 CT검사를 하는 환자들에게 조영제에 대한 부담이 덜어질 수 있는 지표가 되기를 바랍니다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.422-429
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• 2022

Objective : Extracranial supra-aortic dissections (ESADs) with severe stenosis, occlusion and/or pseudoaneurysm presents potential risk of stroke. Endovascular stenting to reconstruct non acute phase ESADs (NAP-ESADs) is an alternative to anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. However, its feasibility, safety and efficacy of stenting in NAP-ESADs is unclear. This study aims to investigate the long-term outcomes of the feasibility, safety and efficacy of stenting in NAP-ESADs. Methods : Seventy-four patients with 91 NAP-ESAD vessels with severe stenosis, occlusion and/or pseudoaneurysm presents potential risk of stroke who underwent stent remodeling were enrolled into this respective study from December 2008 to March 2020. Technical success rate, complications, clinical and angiographic results were harvested and analyzed. Results : Success rate of stent deployment was 99% (90/91) with no procedural mortality or morbidity. Transient ischemic attack occurred in three patients during operation (4.1%, 3/74). Asymptomatic embolisms of distal intracranial vessels were found in two patients (2.7%, 2/74). One hundred and forty-two stents deployed at 85 carotid (135 stents) and six vertebral (seven stents) vessels. Six stent types (Wingspan, 28/135, 20.7%; Solitaire, 10/135, 7.4%; Neuroform, 8/135, 5.9%; LVIS, 2/135, 1.5%; Precise, 75/135, 55.6%; Acculink, 12/135, 8.9%) were deployed at carotid arterial dissection while two types (Wingspan, 5/7, 71.4%; Solitaire 2/7, 28.6%) at vertebral arterial dissection. Digital subtracted angiography (56%, 51/91), computational tomography angiography (41.8%, 38/91) and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (2.2%, 2/91) were adopted for follow up, with a mean time of 17.2±15.4 months (5-77). All patient modified Rankin Scale scores showed no increase at discharge or follow-up. Angiographically, dissections in 86 vessels in 69 patients (94.5%, 86/91) were completely reconstructed with only minor remnant dissections in four vessels in four patients (4.4%, 4/91). Severe re-stenosis in the stented segment required re-stenting in one patient (1.1%, 1/91). Conclusion : Stent remodeling technique provides feasible, safe and efficacious treatment of ESADs patients with severe stenosis, occlusion and/or pseudoaneurysm.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.939-948
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• 2022

Objective: Evidence supports the efficacy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-based risk scores in cardiovascular risk stratification of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to compare two CCTA-based risk score algorithms, Leiden and Confirm scores, in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and suspected CAD. Materials and Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study consecutively included 1241 DM patients (54.1% male, 60.2 ± 10.4 years) referred for CCTA for suspected CAD in 2015-2017. Leiden and Confirm scores were calculated and stratified as < 5 (reference), 5-20, and > 20 for Leiden and < 14.3 (reference), 14.3-19.5, and > 19.5 for Confirm. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as the composite outcomes of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and unstable angina requiring hospitalization. The Cox model and Kaplan-Meier method were used to evaluate the effect size of the risk scores on MACE. The area under the curve (AUC) at the median follow-up time was also compared between score algorithms. Results: During a median follow-up of 31 months (interquartile range, 27.6-37.3 months), 131 of MACE were recorded, including 17 cardiovascular deaths, 28 nonfatal MIs, 64 unstable anginas requiring hospitalization, and 22 strokes. An incremental incidence of MACE was observed in both Leiden and Confirm scores, with an increase in the scores (log-rank p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, compared with Leiden score < 5, the hazard ratios for Leiden scores of 5-20 and > 20 were 2.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53-3.69; p < 0.001) and 4.39 (95% CI: 2.40-8.01; p < 0.001), respectively, while the Confirm score did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with the risk of MACE. The Leiden score showed a greater AUC of 0.840 compared to 0.777 for the Confirm score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CCTA-based risk score algorithms could be used as reliable cardiovascular risk predictors in patients with DM and suspected CAD, among which the Leiden score outperformed the Confirm score in predicting MACE.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.974-982
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• 2023

Objective: Recent studies have highlighted the active and potential role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in atherosclerosis and aneurysm progression, respectively. This study explored the link between PVAT attenuation and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression using computed tomography angiography (CTA). Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study analyzed patients with AAA who underwent CTA at baseline and follow-up between March 2015 and July 2022. The following parameters were obtained: maximum diameter and total volume of the AAA, presence or absence of intraluminal thrombus (ILT), maximum diameter and volume of the ILT, and PVAT attenuation of the aortic aneurysm at baseline CTA. PVAT attenuation was divided into high (> -73.4 Hounsfield units [HU]) and low (≤ -73.4 HU). Patients who had or did not have AAA progression during the follow-up, defined as an increase in the aneurysm volume > 10 mL from baseline, were identified. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the association between PVAT attenuation and AAA progression. Results: Our study included 167 participants (148 males; median age: 70.0 years; interquartile range: 63.0-76.0 years), of which 145 (86.8%) were diagnosed with AAA accompanied by ILT. Over a median period of 11.3 months (range: 6.0-85.0 months), AAA progression was observed in 67 patients (40.1%). Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that high baseline PVAT attenuation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-4.32; P = 0.017) was independently associated with AAA progression. This association was demonstrated within the patients of AAA with ILT subcohort, where a high baseline PVAT attenuation (aHR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.08-4.60; P = 0.030) was consistently independently associated with AAA progression. Conclusion: Elevated PVAT attenuation is independently associated with AAA progression, including patients of AAA with ILT, suggesting the potential of PVAT attenuation as a predictive imaging marker for AAA expansion.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.794-802
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• 2022

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of single-shot whole thoracic time-resolved MR angiography (TR-MRA) to identify the feeding arteries of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and reperfusion of the lesion after embolization in patients with multiple PAVMs. Materials and Methods: Nine patients (8 females and 1 male; age range, 23-65 years) with a total of 62 PAVMs who underwent percutaneous embolization for multiple PAVMs and were subsequently followed up using TR-MRA and CT obtained within 6 months from each other were retrospectively reviewed. All imaging analyses were performed by two independent readers blinded to clinical information. The visibility of the feeding arteries on maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) TR-MRA images was evaluated by comparing them to CT as a reference. The accuracy of TR-MRA for diagnosing reperfusion of the PAVM after embolization was assessed in a subgroup with angiographic confirmation. The reliability between the readers in interpreting the TR-MRA results was analyzed using kappa (κ) statistics. Results: Feeding arteries were visible on the original MIP images of TR-MRA in 82.3% (51/62) and 85.5% (53/62) of readers 1 and 2, respectively. Using the MPR, the rates increased to 93.5% (58/62) and 95.2% (59/62), respectively (κ = 0.760 and 0.792, respectively). Factors for invisibility were the course of feeding arteries in the anteroposterior plane, proximity to large enhancing vessels, adjacency to the chest wall, pulsation of the heart, and small feeding arteries. Thirty-seven PAVMs in five patients had angiographic confirmation of reperfusion status after embolization (32 occlusions and 5 reperfusions). TR-MRA showed 100% (5/5) sensitivity and 100% (32/32, including three cases in which the feeding arteries were not visible on TR-MRA) specificity for both readers. Conclusion: Single-shot whole thoracic TR-MRA with MPR showed good visibility of the feeding arteries of PAVMs and high accuracy in diagnosing reperfusion after embolization. Single-shot whole thoracic TR-MRA may be a feasible method for the follow-up of patients with multiple PAVMs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2017

Background: Lesions in distal target arteries hinder surgical bypass procedures in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Methods: Between April 2012 and October 2015, 16 patients (18 limbs) with lifestyle-limiting claudication (n=12) or chronic critical limb ischemia (n=6) underwent femoral-above-knee (AK) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bypass grafts with a bridging stent graft placement between the distal target popliteal artery and the PTFE graft. Ring-supported PTFE grafts were used in all patients with no available vein for graft material. Follow-up evaluations assessed clinical symptoms, the ankle-brachial index, ultrasonographic imaging and/or computed tomography angiography, the primary patency rate, and complications. Results: All procedures were successful. The mean follow-up was 12.6 months (range, 11 to 14 months), and there were no major complications. The median baseline ankle-brachial index of 0.4 (range, 0.2 to 0.55) significantly increased to 0.8 (range, 0.5 to 1.0) at 12 months (p<0.01). The primary patency rate at 12 months was 83.3%. The presenting symptoms resolved within 2 weeks. Conclusion: In AK bypasses with a diffusely diseased distal target popliteal artery or when below-knee (BK) bypass surgery is impossible, this procedure could be clinically effective and safe when used as an alternative to femoral-BK bypass surgery.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to report our experiences in managing seventeen cases of residual intracranial aneurysms following surgical or endovascular treatment and discuss the incidence of residual aneurysms, the indications and technique of retreatment of residual aneurysms. Methods: During a period of 42 months, we treated 391 aneurysms in 339 patients with microsurgical clipping or GDC embolization as a primary treatment. In 39 of them, follow-up angiography revealed residual aneurysms and seventeen of whom were retreated. There were eleven cases in ACoA, three cases in distal ICA, one, in each of MCA, ACA and basilar artery. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical notes, operation records and cerebral angiograms of seventeen patients who had been treated for residual aneurysms. Results: Complementary treatment was performed in 8 cases by means of surgery and in 9 cases by means of GDC embolization. There were eleven females and six males with an age variation between 29 and 78 years. The mean duration of angiographic follow-up was 17.3 months. Of the seventeen cases that were treated for residual aneurysms, fourteen achieved complete occlusion. Of 17 retreated patients, fifteen patients had good recovery according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Conclusion: When occlusion after endovascular or surgical treatment is incomplete, a new multidisciplinary approach should be carried out. Given our experiences, we recommend coil embolization of the choice in cases that the residual aneurysmal neck had been narrowed by previous clipping. On the other hand, if the residual aneurysm has enough space to clip but not enough to coil, we recommend the microsurgical clipping.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2015

Objective : Aneurysms arising from the pericallosal artery (PA) are uncommon and challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to report our experiences of the endovascular treatment of ruptured PA aneurysms. Methods : From September 2003 to December 2013, 30 ruptured PA aneurysms in 30 patients were treated at our institution via an endovascular approach. Procedural data, clinical and angiographic results were retrospectively reviewed. Results : Regarding immediate angiographic control, complete occlusion was achieved in 21 (70.0%) patients and near-complete occlusion in 9 (30.0%). Eight procedure-related complications occurred, including intraprocedural rupture and early rebleeding in three each, and thromboembolic event in two. At last follow-up, 18 patients were independent with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2, and the other 12 were either dependent or had expired (mRS score, 3-6). Adjacent hematoma was found to be associated with an increased risk of poor clinical outcome. Seventeen of 23 surviving patients underwent follow-up conventional angiography (mean, 16.5 months). Results showed stable occlusion in 14 (82.4%), minor recanalization in two (11.8%), and major recanalization, which required recoiling, in one (5.9%). Conclusion : Our experiences demonstrate that endovascular treatment for a ruptured PA aneurysms is both feasible and effective. However, periprocedural rebleedings were found to occur far more often (20.0%) than is generally suspected and to be associated with preoperative contrast retention. Analysis showed existing adjacent hematoma is predictive of a poor clinical outcome.