• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.576-580
• /
• 2000

Transmycardial laser revascularization has made its position as a sole therapy for patients with chronic angina nonamenable to maximal medical therapy, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass grafting. We report three cases of transmyocardial laser revascularization as a sole therapy for patients with recurrent angina after CABG.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.191-195
• /
• 1994

Twenty-four patients with left main coronary artery stenosis exceeding 50% underwent coronary artery bypass grafting from January 1991 through June 1993. Four patients [17%] had stenosis only in left main coronary artery and 20 patients [83%] had associate lesion[s] in left anterior descending , circumflex, or right coronary artery. Sixteen patients [67%] had higher degrees of stenosis [>70%] in left main coronary artery. Preoperatively 18 patients [75%] had unstable angina pectoris even during aggressive medical treatment. Preoperatively aggressive medical treatment was performed to relieve the symptom in patients with unstable angina. All patients were perioperatively treated with continuous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate to stabilize symptomatic and hemodynamic states. Twenty patients underwent elective coronary bypass surgery and 4 patients urgent operations due to severe unstable angina. There was no thirty-day mortality or late death. Angina recurred in 1 patient, but coronary angiographic study showed good patency of grafts and the symptom was relieved with medical treatment. We concluded that coronary artery bypass grafting can be safely performed by perioperative efforts, including continuous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate, for hemodynamic stabilization in patients with left main coronary artery stenosis.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.243-249
• /
• 2021

A decrease in coronary blood flow leads to an imbalance between the supply of oxygen to the myocardium and its demand, and reversible or irreversible damage to the myocardium could occur depending on the severity of the resultant ischemia and the duration of the imbalance. This imbalance results in a cascade of ischemic reactions in the following order: metabolic abnormalities, diastolic dysfunction, systolic dysfunction, and electrocardiogram changes. Variant angina is caused by the closure of the coronary artery due to reversible coronary artery spasm, resulting in myocardial ischemia and subsequent chest pain as a clinical symptom. Variant angina may be observed as ST segment elevation in electrocardiogram measured when present in chest pain. However, 12-lead electrocardiogram performed after the patient's chest pain resolves does not help in the diagnosis. Since the duration of chest pain appears to be <15 minutes, it is important to perform the 12-lead electrocardiogram when clinical symptoms are present. If nitroglycerin is administered without performing 12-lead electrocardiogram by 119 pre-hospital paramedics, the chest pain would be resolved, making it impossible to identify changes in the ST segment. Before administration of nitroglycerin, changes in the ST segment must be recorded by performing 12-lead electrocardiogram.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.31 no.12
• /
• pp.1238-1242
• /
• 1998

Myocardial bridges as an anatomical arrangement in which an epicardial coronary artery becomes engulfed, for a limited segment, by myocardial fibers. These diseases are recognized primarily because of their systolic narrowing or milking effect as seen on coronary angiography. The most frequent site of myocardial bridging is the middle segment of left anterior descending artery. Myocardial bridges have an ischemic effect capable of causing : angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, or even sudden death in athletes. We report 2 patients having a milking effect of the middle segment of left anterior descending artery who were suffered from angina. The operation procedure was a simple supraarterial myotomy over the embedded segment of the LAD under cardiopulmonary bypass. Angina and milking effect were disappeared after the operation.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.219.3-219.3
• /
• 2003

We describe here solid-extraction and derivatisation methods of ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor blocking drugs used for the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia: propranolol, metoprolol, sotalol, timolol, oxprenolol, alpranolol, atenolol, pindolol. Solid-extraction and derivatisation methods are described involving the use of Bond Elut Certify cartridges, MSTFA and MBTFA. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry analysis(GC/MS) was carried out select-ion monitroing mode. (omitted)

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.174-185
• /
• 1980

It was my great nohour that I can be exposed to such plenty materials of the coronary bypass surgery. Here, I am summarizing the xoronary bypass surgery, clinically. The material is serial 101 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery between July 17, 1979 to November 30, 1979 in Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh. 1. Incidence of the Atherosclerosis is frequent in white, male, fiftieth who are living in industrialized country. It has been told the etiologic factor of the atherosclerosis is hereditary, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, drinking, diabetes, obesity, stress, etc. 2. The main and most frequent complication of the coronary atherosclerosis is angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is the chief cause of coronary bypass surgery and the other causes of coronary bypass surgery are obstruction of the left main coronary artery, unstable angina, papillary muscle disruption or malfunction and ventricular aneurysm complicated by coronary artery disease. 3. The preoperative clinical laboratory examination shows abnormal elevation of plasma lipid in 82 patint, plasma glucose in 40 patient, total CPK-MB in 24 patient stotal LDH in 22 patient out of 101 patient. 4. Abnormal ECG findings in preoperative examine were 29.1% myocardial infarction, 25.8% ischemia and injury, 14.6T conduction defect. 5. Also we had done Echocardiography, Tread Mill Test, Myocardial Scanning, Vectorcardiography and Lung function test to get adjunctive benefit in prediction of prognosis and accurate diagnosis. 6. The frequency of coronary atherosclerosis in main coronary arteries were LAD, RCA and Circumflex in that order. 7. The patients' main complaints which were became as etiologic factor undergoing coronary bypass surgery were angina, dyspnea, diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea and etc. 8. For the coronary bypass surgery, we used cardiopulmonary bypass machine, non-blood, diluting prime, cold cardioplegic solution and moderate cooling for the myocardial protection. 9. We got the grafted veins from Saphenous and Cephalic vein. Reversed and anastomosed between aorta and distal coronary A. using 5-0 and 7-0 prolene continuous suture. Occasionally we used internal mammary A. as an arterial blood source and anastomosed to the distal coronary A. and to side fashion. 10. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time for every graft was 43.9 min. and aortic clamp time was 23 minute. We could Rt. coronary A. bypass surgery only by stand by the cardiopulmonary machine and in the state of pumping heart. 11. Rates by the noumbers of graft were as follow : 21.8% single, 33.7% double, 26.7% triple, 13.9% quadruple, 3% quintuple and 1% was sixtuple graft. 12. combined procedures with coronary bypass surgery were 6% aneurysmectomy, 3% AVR, 1% MVR, 13% pacer implantation and 1% intraaortic ballon setting. 13. We could see the complete abolition of anginal pain after operation in 68% of patient, improvement 25.8%, no change in 3.1%, and there was unknown in 3%. 14. There were 4% immediate postoperative deaths, 13.5% some kinds of heart complication, 51.3% lung complications 33.3% pleural complications as prognosis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 1989

To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of $^{99m}Tc-pyrophosphate$ (PYP) myocardial scan, we analysed 160 $^{99m}Tc-PYP$ scans (acute transmural myocardial infarction 87 cases, acute subendocardial infarction; 20 cases, unstable angina pectoris; 7 cases, other disease; 46 cases). These scans were requested by the physician in Seoul National University Hospital from Sep. 1982 to Oct. 1987. And the diagnosis was confirmed by clinical course and laboratory examinations. 1) The diagnostic sensitivity of $^{99m}Tc-PYP$ scan in acute transmural myocardial infarction was 91.2% (62/68) if scintigraphy was performed within 7 days after infarction, 57.1% (8/14) between 8th and 14th day, 20% (1/5) and after 15 days. 2) The diagnostic sensitivity of $^{99m}Tc-PYP$ scan in acute subendocardial infarction was 75% (12/16) if scintigraphy was performed within 7 days after infarction and 0% after 8 days. 3) The diagnostic specificity of $^{99m}Tc-PYP$ scan in acute myocardial infarction was 94.3% (5/53). Among 5 cases of false positive scans, 1 case was unstable angina pectoris, 2 cases were old myocardial infarction with left ventricular aneurysm, 1 case was old myocardial infarction and the remaining 1 case was cardiomyopathy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.453-463
• /
• 1995

During 42 month period 91 consecutive patient underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. The mean age of these patient was 57 years [range from 28 to 78 years . There were 57 men and 34 women. The preoperative risk factors that include beyond the 50 % of total patients were male sex, obesity, hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Preoperatively 27 patients had stable angina pectoris and 39 patients of unstable angina pectoris. Twenty five patients had previous myocardial infarction history. The patterns of disease were 8 patients of single vessel involvement, 18 patients of double vessel involvement, 54 patients of triple vessel involvement and 11 patients of left main coronary artery disease. Fifty five patients were in Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class III. Myocardial revascularization was performed under emergency conditions in 5 patients. Nine percent of patients had previous PTCA history. We performed 16 cases of sequential anastomosis, internal mammary artery harvest in 86 percent of total patients and total 284 distal anastomoses[mean 3.1 anastomosis per patient . The mean ACC time was 60.5 minutes and ECC time was mean 110 minutes. The combined surgeries were 16 cases of endarterectomy, 2 cases of LV aneurysmectomy, 1 case of Bentall operation, 1 case of repair of sinus of Valsalva, 1 case of ligation of coronary AV fistula and 1 case of excision of breast mass. The most common complication was wound infection[12 cases, 13 % . There was one hospital death due to postoperative respiratory failure and low output syndrome in patient with postinfarction VSD, LV aneurysm. Postoperative 88 patients were in Functional class I or II. The 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion scan that used as evaluation of postoperative state was well correlated with patient`s symptoms instead of some disadvantages.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.168-177
• /
• 2018

Background: This study investigates the potential volume and outcome association of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a large and representative sample. Methods: We used a National Health Insurance Service-Cohort Sample Database from 2002 to 2013 released by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. A total of 8,908 subjects were analyzed. The primary analysis was based on Cox proportional hazards models to examine our hypothesis. Results: After adjusting for confounders, the hazard ratio of thirty-day and 1-year mortality in hospitals with a low volume of CHD patients with PCI was 2.8 and 2.2 times higher (p=0.00) compared to hospitals with a high volume of CHD patients with PCI, respectively. Thirty-day and 1-year mortality of CHD patients with PCI in low-volume hospitals admitted through the emergency room were 3.101 (p=0.00) and 2.8 times higher (p=0.01) than those in high-volume hospitals, respectively. Only 30-day mortality in low-volume hospitals of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction patients with PCI was 5.3 and 2.4 times those in high-volume hospitals with PCI, respectively. Conclusion: Mortality was significantly lower when PCI was performed in a high-volume hospital than in a low-volume hospital. Among patients admitted through the emergency room and diagnosed with angina pectoris, total PCI volume (low vs. high) was associated with significantly greater cardiac mortality risk of CHD patients. Thus, There is a need for better strategic approaches from both clinical and health policy standpoints for treatment of CHD patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2012

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the annual socioeconomic burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Korea in 2005, using the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data. Methods: A prevalence-based, top-down, cost-of-treatment method was used to assess the direct and indirect costs of CHD (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes of I20-I25), angina pectoris (I20), and myocardial infarction (MI, I21-I23) from a societal perspective. Results: Estimated national spending on CHD in 2005 was $2.52 billion. The majority of the spending was attributable to medical costs (53.3%), followed by productivity loss due to morbidity and premature death (33.6%), transportation (8.1%), and informal caregiver costs (4.9%). While medical cost was the predominant cost attribute in treating angina (74.3% of the total cost), premature death was the largest cost attribute for patients with MI (66.9%). Annual per-capita cost of treating MI, excluding premature death cost, was $3183, which is about 2 times higher than the cost for angina ($1556). Conclusions: The total insurance-covered medical cost ($1.13 billion) of CHD accounted for approximately 6.02% of the total annual NHI expenditure. These findings suggest that the current burden of CHD on society is tremendous and that more effective prevention strategies are required in Korea.