• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.245-256
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• 2023

Background: Surgical and non-surgical periodontal procedures often lead to postoperative pain. Clinicians use pharmacological methods such as anesthetics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics for relief. However, the multitude of options makes it challenging to select the best approach for routine dental care. Objective: This review aimed to describe previous studies regarding the pharmacological management used for pain control during periodontal procedures as well as factors that may interfere with patients' perception of pain. Methods: We included studies (period of 2000-2023, whose approach corresponded to the pharmacological protocols used for preoperative, trans-operative, and postoperative pain control in adult patients undergoing surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy. Results: A total of 32 studies were included in the analysis, of which 17 (53%) were related to anesthetic methods and 15 (47%) were related to therapeutic protocols (anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents). These studies predominantly involved nonsurgical periodontal procedures. Studies have reported that factors related to age, type of procedure, and anxiety can influence pain perception; however, only seven of these studies evaluated anxiety. Conclusions: Numerous methods for pain control can be applied in periodontal therapy, which are accomplished through anesthetic methods and/or therapeutic protocols. Factors such as anxiety, age, and type of procedure are related to pain perception in patients. Thus, it is the responsibility of dentists to evaluate each clinical situation and define the best protocol to follow based on the literature.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.181-186
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report case of hypergranulation tissue that occurred after laparotomy and dissected by CO₂ laser. Methods : A 72-year-old female had hypergranulation tissue on the epigastrium. Local anesthesia was achieved with bufonis venenum pharmacopuncture. The CO₂ laser was used for dissection. After removal of granulation, irrigation with soyeom pharmacopuncture solution and simple interrupted suture were performed. Yeonkyopaedok-san were administered for 7 days and the suture was removed after 14 days. At last, saengkigo was applied. Results : Hypergranulation tissue sized 1.0×1.0×1.0cm was clearly removed. Including excessive growing of granulation tissue, adverse effects were not reported until the clear skin adhesion. Conclusions : Hypergranulation tissue was surgically removed and sutured completely without any complications by using pharmacopuncture, oral herbal medicine and ointment that have anti-inflammatory effects and wound healing. Through this study, it is hoped that surgery including suture will be actively performed in more diverse diseases in the Korean medicine community.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2024

Background: This study analyzed the demographic characteristics of patients with facial palsy who were treated using either dynamic or static procedures. This study aimed to compare the frequency of procedure implementation and age distribution between the two groups. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients treated for facial palsy at a single institution from 2014 to 2022. Among cases included in our study, dynamic procedures involved cross-facial nerve graft and latissimus dorsi or gracilis muscle flap transfer. Static procedures included gold weight insertion, canthopexy, browlift, and thread lift/static slings. Results: Among the 31 patients included in our study, eight (25.8%) incorporated dynamic techniques, and the average age of patients was 44.75 years (range, 24-68 years) with a male to female ratio of 1:4. The remaining 23 patients (74.2%) underwent a static procedure, of which the average age was 59.17 years (range, 23-81 years) which was statistically significantly higher than the average age of 44.75 of dynamic patients (p= 0.013). Regarding the timing of treatment after diagnosis, no patient underwent dynamic procedures more than 20 years after initial diagnosis. A greater diversity in the timing of treatment was observed in the static group. All patients who underwent dynamic procedures were treated using static procedures during the study period. Conclusion: Because aesthetics-based static techniques are typically quick outpatient procedures that can be performed under local anesthesia, our study shows that these are often preferred treatments for all age groups, especially for debilitated or older patients. Further research is required to investigate the long-term functional outcomes of these surgical techniques in a wider population of patients.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2024

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a commonly occurring benign tumor originating in the salivary glands. The incidence is mostly in the parotid glands (85%) followed by minor salivary glands (10%). Pleomorphic adenoma from minor salivary glands of the lips is a rare neoplasm. Here, we present a case of a patient with PA in the upper lip, reporting a common neoplasm in a rare site. A 82-year-old male with a slowly progressing swelling that occurred 20years ago on the upper white lip. This tumor is not associated with pain and tenderness. The mass was about 1.5x1.5cm sized, circumscribed, sessile and firm on the external upper lip without oral side bulging (Fig. 1). The tumor was removed completely with a elliptical incision under local anesthesia. The encapsulated mass was measured 0.9x0.9x0.6cm. On histology, a well-circumscribed growth was seen comprising epithelial and stromal components. The epithelial component formed glandular structures lined by round-to oval cells having small nuclei, pink cytoplasm and myoepithelial basal cell layer while the stroma had a fibromyxoid appearance(Fig. 2). Postoperatively wound was well healed without recurrence after 6months. Pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip is a rare neoplasm, especially not intraoral growth. For aesthetic good result, the mass was removed without hesitation. It is required a high index of suspicion and a long-term follow-up because it could recur and rarely be transformed into malignancy.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.539-554
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• 2002

To identify the trend of pediatric dentistry in USA and Japan, closely related to Korean pediatric dentistry. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Dentistry(JJPD) and The Journal of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry(PD) were reviewed. We collected the bibliographical data of the articles published in the two journals from 1991 to 2000. We analyzed thematic distributions and chronological changes, and then compare those of two groups. The following results were obtained: 1. The 869 articles were published in JJPD and 672 in PD. This was about 30% more in JJPD. 2. In both JJPD and PD, the case reports were a quarter of scientific articles in quantity. 3. The studies on the systemic diseases had the highest proportion in both JJPD and PD. The studies on the dental caries and restorative materials also had high proportion in both journals. 4. The studies on the sedation and biochemical survey had high proportion in PD when had low proportion in JJPD. To the contrary, The studies on the behavior science in JJPD were about double of those in PD. 5. There was no statistically significant difference in quantity between JJPD and PD in the studies on the dental caries, prevention of dental caries, community dental survey, conservative treatment, restorative materials, pulp treatment, diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion, oral pathology and minor surgery, local anesthesia and nerve tissue, traumatic injuries. 6. There was statistically significant increase in the studies on the dental equipment in JJPD and in those on restorative materials in PD. 7. There was statistically significant decrease in the studies on the prevention of dental caries and local anesthesia and nerve tissue in JJPD, and those on conservative treatment in PD.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiologic and clinical results of the arthroscopic coracoclavicular fixation of the acute acromioclavicular dislocation using $TightRope^{(R)}$ (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, FL). Materials and Methods: We performed the arthroscopic coracoclavicular fixation using $TightRope^{(R)}$ in twenty patients with the Rockwood type III or V acute acromioclavicular dislocation between February, 2009, and February, 2010. Mean follow-up was 13.4(range 8~22) months. Radiologic results were evaluated by comparing the distances between the clavicle and the coracoid process with those in the contralateral sides using the acromioclavicular stress radiographs. Clinical results were made according to the KSS(Korean Shoulder Scoring System), and the cosmetic satisfaction of the patient was assessed. Results: Radiologically, 18 cases showed excellent, 1 case showed good and 1 case showed fair results. Clinically, KSS was mean 98.5 (range 92~100) points and all cases revealed satisfactory cosmetic results. Because one case complained of skin tenderness and discomfort of palpation, we closed the knot with surrounding muscle & fascia. Then local wound infection occurred, so we treated it by incision and drainage under local anesthesia and antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks. Conclusion: Arthroscopic coracoclavicular fixation using $TightRope^{(R)}$ for treating the Rockwood type III or V acute acromioclavicular dislocation showed satisfactory radiologic and clinical results. It seems to be a good treatment method that has little postoperative complication, provides an early rehabilitation and an excellent cosmetic result, and does not require secondary operation for removal of metal implant.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.470-476
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• 2005

The purpose of this Study was to invest)gate the function or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in regulatory mechanism of pulpal microcirculation with the aim of elucidating neurogenic inflammation. Experiments were performed on twelve cats under general anesthesia. CGRP was administered through the femoral vein to see the systemic Influence and through the external carotid artery to see the local effect. Sympathetic nerve to the dental pulp was stimulated electrically and pulpal blood flow (PBF) was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter on the canine teeth to the drug administration. The paired variables of control and experimental data were compared by paired t-test and differences with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Systemic administration of CGRP $(0.3{\mu}g/ka)$ exerted decreases in systemic blood pressure and caused changes in PBF with an initial increase i311owed by decrease and a move marked second increase and decrease. Close intra-arterial (i.a.) injection of CCRP $(0.03{\mu}g/kg)$ resulted in slight PBF increase. The effect of CGRP resulted in no significant increase in PBF in the presence of $CGRP_{8-37}$. The electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve alone resulted in PBF decreases. The j.a. administration of CGRP following the electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve compensated the decreased PBF. Therefore, CGRP effectively blocked the sympathetic nerve stimulation-induced PBF decrease. Results of the present study have provided evidences that even though the local vasodilatory function of CGRP are weak, CCRP is effectively involved in blocking the vasoconstriction caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation in the feline dental pulp.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to identify future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists based on a literature review. A literature search is performed using 14 keywords related to tasks carried out by dental hygienists, and included articles published from 2000 to 2019 in the databases KISS, RISS, DBpia, NDSL, Papersearch, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Six reviewers assessed the titles and abstracts of articles, and an article was selected if the study was considered to cover future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists. Based on the results six local studies and two foreign studies were used for literature review and data extraction. In total, 38 tasks were classified as future-oriented tasks of dental hygienists according to the following criteria: 1) tasks that were specifically referred to as future-oriented tasks, and 2) tasks that could be classified as future-oriented tasks although no specific reference was made. Of these, the most frequently mentioned tasks were measuring periodontal pocket depth, dental hygiene assessment, providing dietary advice, infiltration anesthesia, and root planing. These were extracted from five of the eight studies, including both local and foreign studies. Dental hygiene planning, emergency, emergency management, and smoking cessation were the next most common tasks based on four studies. Even though some of these future-oriented tasks for Korean dental hygienists are included in the dentistry curriculum, and are currently performed as clinical practice for dental hygienists. Nonetheless, the reference to the legal scope is unclear. It is necessary to reconsider the scope of tasks of dental hygienists to reflect changes in domestic and foreign dental care delivery, thereby contributing to the oral health promotion of the public, where safety is guaranteed under legal protection.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to define the content of the requisite knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs needed for clinical knowledge for nursing practice. Contents of knowlege on pathological physiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 colleges of nursing, and textbooks. The degree of need of 72 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college-graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospital in Seoul and three in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, and hospice ward. The results were as follows : 1. The highest scored items of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice were side effects of drugs, anticoagulants, mechanisms of drugs, antihypertensive drugs, tolerance and addiction of drugs, interactions among drugs, hospital infection in the order of importance. The lowest scored item was structure of microorganisms. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was repair in tissue injury unit, definition etiology classification of inflammation in inflammation unit, transplantation and immunologic response in alterations in immunity unit, thrombus and thrombosis in disorders of cardiovascular function unit, gene disorders in genetic disorders unit, hospital infection in infection unit, virus in microorganisms unit, side reactions of drugs in introduction unit, anticonvulsants in drugs for central nervous system unit, local anesthesia in anesthesia unit, anticoagulants in drugs for cardiovascular system unit, anti-inflammatory drugs in antibiotics unit, anti-ulcer drugs in drugs for digestive system unit, and bronchodilators in drugs for respiratory system unit. 3. The common content of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs needed for all clinical areas in nursing were side effects of drugs, anticoagulants, interactions among drugs, and hospital infection. However, the degree of need of each pathological physiology, clinical microbiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice such as tissue changes due to injurious stimuli, degenerative changes of tissue, alterations in metabolism of carbohydrates, ischemia, hyperemia and congestion, hospital infection, structure of microorganism, classification of microorganism, bacteria, virus, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, antiemetic drugs, antiparkinsonism drugs, antianxiety drugs, antibiotics, tuberculostatics, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, parasiticides, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheais, and anti constipation drugs were shown according to the work area. 5. Significant differences in the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice such as transplantation and immunologic response, alterations in the metabolism of uric acid, structure of microorganism, classification of microorganism, immunosuppressants, drugs for congestive heart failure were demonstrated according to the duration of work. Based on these findings, all the 72 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing science should be included as contents of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 1996

This study was performed to estimate the effects of cultured bone cell inoculated on porous type hydroxyaptite for the regeneration of the artificial alveolar bone defect. In this experiment 3 beagle dogs were used, and each of them were divided into right and left mandible. Every surgical intervention were performed under the general anesthesia by using with intravenous injection of Pentobarbital sodium(30mg/Kg). To reduce the gingival bleeding during surgery, operative site was injected with Lidocaine hydrochloride(l:80,000 Epinephrine) as local anesthesia. After surgery experimental animal were feeded with soft dietl Mighty dog, Frisies Co., U.S.A.) for 1 weeks to avoid irritaion to soft tissue by food. 2 months before surgery both side of mandibular 1st premolar were extracted and bone chips from mandibular body were obtained from all animals. Bone cells were cultured from bone chips obtained from mandible with Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium contained with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum under the conventional conditions. Porous type hydroxyapatite were immerse into the high concentrated cell suspension solution, and put 4 hours for attachin the cells on the surface of hydroxyapatite. Graft material were inserted on the artificial bone defect after 3 days of culture. Before insertion of cellinoculated graft material, scanning electronic microscopic observation were performed to confirm the attachment and spreading of cell on the hydroxyapatite surface. 3 artificial bone defects were made with bone trephine drill on the both side of mandible of the experimental animal. First defect was designed without insertion of graft material as negative control, second was filled with porous replamineform hydroxyapatite inoculated with cultured bone marrow cells as expermiental site, and third was filled with graft materials only as positive control. The size of every artificial bone defect was 3mm in diameter and 3mm in depth. After the every surgical intervention of animals, oral hygiene program were performed with 1.0% chlorhexidine digluconate. All of the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 weeks after surgery. For obtaining histological section, tissus were fixed in 10% Buffered formalin and decalcified with Planko - Rycho Solution for 72hr. Tissue embeding was performed in paraffin and cut parallel to the surface of mandibular body. Section in 8um thickness of tissue was done and stained with Hematoxylin - Eosin. All the specimens were observed under the light microscopy. The following results were obtained : 1. In the case of control site which has no graft material, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone forming tendency were revealed compared with experimental groups. But bone surface were observed depression pattern on defect area because of soft tissue invasion into the artificial bone defect during the experimental period. 2. In the porous hydroxyapatite only group, inflammatory cell infiltration was prominet and dense connective tissue were encapsulated around grafted materials. osteoblastic activity in the early stage after surgery was low to compared with grafted with bone cells. 3. In the case of porous hydroxyapatite inoculated with bone cell, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone formation activity was revealed than hydroxyapatite only group. Active new bone formation were observed in the early stage of control group. 4. The origin of new bone forming was revealed not from the center of defected area but from the surface of preexisting bony wall on every specimen. 5. In this experiment, osteoclastic cell was not found around grafted materials, and fibrovascular invasion into regions with no noticeable foreign body reaction. Conclusively, the cultured bone cell inoculated onto the porous hydroxyapatite may have an important role of regeneration of artificial bone defects of alveolar bone.