• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

In the case of office buildings, domestic and Chinese evacuation laws were compared regarding the evacuation of horizontal and vertical buildings and evacuation to refuge safety areas. A simulation was conducted based on a refuge safety area in China. In the case of evacuating 1 floor, there was no significant difference in the flow of occupants to an ancillary room area in a domestic or Chinese building, but in China, the corridor width was narrower and the occupants have saw a long. In the case of evacuating 15 floors, the flow of occupants to an ancillary room area was different. In the case of China, it was possible for occupants to enter the ancillary room more quickly because the ancillary room area was wider than those found in domestic buildings, allowing quickly passage the ancillary room door. The results of this study found that if corridor width and ancillary room area were wider, evacuation times could be reduced.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.52-58
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• 2017

This study investigated the pressure difference distribution and the flow characteristics among room, ancillary room, and stair case by carrying out the numerical simulations on the air flow inside the pressurized air supply smoke control system. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze pressure and velocity distribution of compartments by pressurized air supply for the air-leakage test facility which was built to measure the effective leakage area. In this study, the leakage of air was considered by locating the narrow slit onto fire door and window of room. Simulated results using this method precisely followed the previous experimental results for the pressure differences between the stair case and ancillary room. Predicted results showed that the local leakage of air rarely affected the overall flow pattern and pressure distribution. Although the average velocity over the door between room and ancillary room satisfied the regulation for fire safety, it was certified the unsafe outflow to ancillary room could be occurred in the local position such as the upper part of the door.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.78-86
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• 2020

In this study, numerical simulations were performed on the air egress velocity of pressurization systems in an ancillary room when a fire occurred in an apartment house. The relationship between the air supply flow rate of a damper and air egress velocity at a fire door is predicted to be linear. Additionally, a minimum flow rate of the damper, which meets national fire safety standards for air egress velocity, i.e., 0.7 m/s can be estimated. Air egress velocity at the fire door is analyzed according to the supply air direction and installation height of the damper. When the damper has an upward supply air direction and is installed at a high level, the egress velocity at the top section of the fire door is larger, whereas the soot concentration at the ancillary room is lower than when the supply direction of the damper is downward. Therefore, it is found that increasing the air egress velocity at the top section of the fire door helps to efficiently prevent the inflow of smoke.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.15-21
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• 2018

This study examined the flow characteristics of fire smoke under pressurized air ventilation conditions by carrying out fire simulations on multi-compartment enclosure, including room, ancillary room and stair case. Fire simulations were conducted for the air-leakage test facility, which was constructed to measure the effective leakage area and aimed to improve the understandings of fire and smoke movement by analyzing the overall behaviors of fire smoke flow and pressure distributions of each compartment. The simulation results showed that the heat release rate of the fires was controlled sensitively by the amount of air supplied by the ventilation system. An analysis of the velocity distributions between the room and ancillary room showed that fire smoke could be leaked to the ancillary room through the upper layer of the door, even under pressurized air supply conditions. From these results, it was confirmed that the fire size and spatial characteristics should be considered for the design and application of a smoke control system by a pressurized air supply.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.703-714
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• 2009

One of the biggest problems in smoke control systems for high-rise buildings is stack effect, but there are no recognized methods or measures to solve the problem of stack effect as yet. The stack effect can be overcome by forming the uprising current inside the stair hall properly, but there is a limit to the height in supplying into the stair hall the smoke control air volume to be supplied to a floor in case of escape from fire. The limit to the height can be extended by over-coming the stack effect by pressurizing the stair hall and the ancillary room simultaneously. It can also be anticipated that the stack effect can be overcome by connecting the air supply shaft to the stair hall at the top. As a result of computer simulations using a network type of tool, it is found that adequate performance can be achieved by pressurizing the stair hall only for a building of 190m or less, and up to 360m when pressurizing the stair hall and the ancillary room simultaneously. In all those cases, however, an overpressure venting damper is required which operates within a suitable range for venting the overpressure outside.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.78
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• pp.43-77
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• 2023

This study investigated and analyzed the 17th presidential record by further expanding the awareness of the problem, focusing on media suspicions related to the 17th presidential record. And Based on the results, the purpose is to suggest ways to improve the presidential records management system. To this end, the 17th presidential record transferred to the Presidential Archives was first outlined from an overall perspective, and the records produced in the "record management", "ancillary room", and "Public Safety" functions were quantitatively analyzed. Next, we analyzed the physical records qualitatively along with quantitative analysis of the cases of 'production status notification', 'record production and nonregistration of records via e-mail', and 'core records and electronic/non-electronic records' to determine the records of the 17th President. Personality was diagnosed. Finally, based on the analysis results, a plan to improve the presidential record management system was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2012

This study aims to analyze architectural characteristics of railway station facilities which were built with development of railroads from Japanese Colonial Period to 1950's. To achieve this goals, 7 railway stations in Gyeongju area that are worth preserving were set up as research targets. For this study, I analyzed literature of the railway station and drawings which the KORAL Daegu Branch is keeping. Railway stations without a construction drawing investigated a direct visit. After analyzing the railway station facilities, the architectural properties such as plan, elevation and section have been identified. The results are as follows. First, Each modern railway station is usually consisted of waiting room and office, and ancillary spaces have been added. Over the years, however, the space was expanded horizontally. In that case, the structure and finish materials have been changed, like now. Second, Most of the roof shape is 'Matbae'(gable roof), especially Gyeongju station and Bulguksa Station are 'Woojingak roof. The roof structure is truss structure, especially as Pratt and Scissors type, but Gyeongju Station's structure is a reinforced concrete. Third, main doorway of waiting room is located in the center of the front gable. However, small stations like 'Ahwa' and 'Ipsil' station to ensure the passengers' waiting area are placed next to the office area.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the supply status and planning trend of North Korean housing through analysis on the North Korean architecture specialized media data. The flat composition is changing and the living room is becoming the center of the houses. Also, in the urban areas, the standard apartment type is four apartments in a row and the plan form is getting diversified into circle type, Y type, and irregular type. On the other hand, in the rural areas, two houses in a row and single house are typical and the change in planning scale and space structure are not substantial. Since the 2000s, design changes have been made to emphasize the third dimensional structure of buildings such as the elliptical houses and L-shaped houses. Furthermore, 8~10 households are located on one floor which leads to the tendency of the building enlargement. In terms of house size, a square concept was introduced to replace the initial 2~3 room concept and the basic module of the room planning the 3 room house based on $3m{\times}3m$. However, there seems to be no standard house size, and the house size may differ depending on the social classandregion. In the early 1980s, when there was focus on the apartment complex construction, the high-rise apartment buildings of 30~40 floors was planned. However, during the Pyongyang redevelopment project, apartments of more or less than 10 floors were built and row-houses of more or less than 4 floors were built. In terms of the complex scale, a lot of small complexes of around 300 households are emerging after 2010. The construction projects are mainly limited to specific regions such as Pyongyang and Samjiyeon, and also limited to specific classes such as the workers and soldiers initially and the scientists lately. In addition, living boundary composition and ancillary facilities for sufficient green area ratio securement and the people of North Korea are maintained consistently. In recent years, the specialized floor planning such as solar house and the house for the disabled people, framework houses for redevelopment business, and multi-storied house construction technology are also emerging.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2754-2758
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• 2009

Three novel phosphorescent 2-phenylpyridine-based iridium(III) complexes, $[(ppy)_2Ir(P\^{}N)]PF6\;(1),\;[(dfppy)_2Ir(P\^{}N)]PF_6$ (2), and $[(dfmppy)_2 Ir(P\^{}N)]PF6$ (3), where $P\^{}N$ = 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (dppmp), were synthesized and characterized. The absorption, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry and thermal stability of the complexes were investigated. The complexes showed bright blue luminescences at wavelengths of 448 $\sim$ 500 nm at room temperature in $CHCl_3$ and revealed that the $\pi$-acceptor ability of the phosphorous atom in the ancillary dppmp ligand plays an important role in tuning emission color resulting in a blue-shift emission. The single crystal structure of $[(dfmppy))_2Ir(P\^N)]PF_6$ was determined using X-ray crystallography. The iridium metal center adopts a distorted octahedral structure coordinated to two dfmppy and one dppmp ligand, showing cis C-C and trans N-N chelate dispositions. There is a $\pi-\pi$ overlap between π electrons delocalized in the difluorophenyl rings.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1271-1276
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• 2007

The most powerful analytical equipment usually comes at the cost of having the highest demand for space. Where electron microscopes has traditionally required a room to themselves, not just for reasons of their size but because of ancillary demands for pipes and service. The simple optical microscopes, of course, can occupy the desk-top, but because their performance is limited by the wavelength of light, their powers of magnification and resolution are inferior to that of the electron microscope. Mini SEM will sit comfortably on a desk-top but offers magnification and resolution performances much closer to that of a standard SEM. This new technique extends the scope of SEM as a high-resolution microscope, relatively cheap and widely available imaging tool, for a wider variety of samples.