• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2023

Angiosarcoma is a very rare subtype of sarcoma. It mainly occurs in the head and neck, and cutaneous angiosarcoma in this region seems to be a distinctive neoplasm with characteristic clinicopathologic features that differ from those of angiosarcoma in other anatomical locations. The prognosis of angiosarcoma in the head and neck region is poor, and the risk of local recurrence and metastasis is high. We reconstructed an atypical angiosarcoma that presented as a solitary nodule with a shape suggestive of hemangioma on the cheek using a modified bilobed local flap. At a 12-month follow-up visit, the patient in this case showed successful recovery after radiation therapy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.19.1-19.15
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical constriction (AC) and apical canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: The anatomical features of 313 root canals from 41 maxillary first molars and 57 maxillary second molars of patients with known age and sex were evaluated using micro-CT, with a resolution of 26.7 ㎛. The factors evaluated were the presence or absence of AC, the morphotypes, bucco-lingual dimension, mesio-distal dimension, and the profile (shape) of AC and the apical root canal. The apical root canal dimensions, location of the apical foramen (AF), AC to AF distance, and presence of accessory canals in the apical 5 mm were also assessed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data evaluation. Results: AC was present in all 313 root canals. Patients' age and sex did not significantly impact either AC or the apical canal dimensions. The most common AC morphotype detected was the traditional (single) constriction (52%), followed by the parallel (29%) morphotype. The mean AC dimensions in maxillary first molars were not significantly different from those in maxillary second molars. Sixty percent of AF were located within 0.5 mm from the anatomic apex. Conclusions: The most common morphotype of AC detected was the traditional constriction. Neither patients' age nor sex had a significant impact on the dimensions of the AC or the apical root canal. The majority of AF (60%) were located within 0.5 mm from the anatomic apex.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2024

Background: The medial canthal region features a complex three-dimensional and internal anatomical structure. When reconstructing a defect in this area, it is crucial to consider both functional and aesthetic aspects, which presents significant challenges. Generally, local flaps are preferred for reconstruction; however, skin grafts can be used when local flaps are not feasible. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis of surgical outcomes skin grafts when local flaps were not feasible, to determine which surgical method is more effective for medial canthal region reconstruction. Methods: Twenty-five patients who underwent medial canthal region reconstruction using skin grafts or local flaps from 2002 to 2021 were enrolled. Patient information was obtained from medical records. Five plastic surgeons evaluated the surgical outcomes based on general appearance, color, contour, and symmetry. Results: Skin grafts were used in eight patients and local flaps were used in 13. Combined reconstructions were employed in four cases. Minor complications arose in four cases but improved with conservative treatment. No major complications were reported. Recurrence of the skin cancer was noted in two cases. All categories showed higher scores for the local flap compared to both skin graft and combined reconstruction; however, the differences were not statistically significant respectively. Conclusion: The choice of appropriate surgical methods for reconstructing defects in the medial canthal region depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the size and depth of the defect, and the degree of involvement of surrounding structures. When a local flap is not feasible, a skin graft may provide favorable surgical outcomes. Therefore, a skin graft can serve as a viable alternative for reconstructing the medial canthal region.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

The tarsus in dogs has a complex structure that makes its evaluation relatively challenging. Because an accurate diagnosis of the tarsus is difficult through basic examinations alone, imaging tests are essential. Previous studies have explored the anatomical and radiological features of the canine tarsus using several imaging modalities. However, the imaging utility of the tarsus across different modalities has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to visualize the tarsal structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography, compare their utility, and propose suitable imaging modalities and conditions for evaluating specific tarsal structures. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound scans of the tarsus of four healthy dogs were performed, and two observers rated the utility of each image on a five-point scale. Although MRI is more beneficial for assessing the tarsal structures than ultrasound, ultrasound also appears clinically useful for evaluating the cranial tibialis muscle, deep digital flexor tendon, subcutaneous fat, joint space, and superficial digital flexor tendon. In addition, each structure of interest can be evaluated for optimal visibility using specific ultrasound sections, MRI sequences, and planes. In veterinary clinical practice, an initial assessment using ultrasound imaging with optimal visibility is required and if further evaluation is necessary, MRI examinations with optimal MRI sequences and planes can be performed.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1690-1696
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• 2021

Objective: To describe the anatomic locations and imaging features of posterior lung herniation in unilateral pulmonary agenesis and aplasia, focusing on radiograph-CT/MRI correlation. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 patients (seven with pulmonary agenesis and three with pulmonary aplasia, male: female = 1:9, mean age 7.3 years, age range from 1 month to 20 years) were included. Chest radiographs (n = 9), CT (n = 9), and MRI (n = 1) were reviewed to assess the type of lung underdevelopment, presence of anterior and posterior lung herniation, bronchus origin, supplying artery, and draining vein of the herniated lung. Results: Pulmonary agenesis/aplasia more commonly affected the left lung (n = 7) than the right lung (n = 3). Anterior lung herniation was observed in nine of the 10 patients. Posterior lung herniation was observed in seven patients with left pulmonary agenesis/aplasia. Two patients showed posterior lung herniation crossing the midline but not beyond the aorta, and five patients showed the posteriorly herniated right lower lobe crossing the midline to extend into the left hemithorax farther beyond the descending thoracic aorta through the space between the esophagus and the aorta. This anatomical configuration resulted in a characteristic radiographic finding of a radiolucent area with a convex lateral border and a vertical medial border in the left lower lung zone, revealing a tongue-like projection on CT and MRI. Conclusion: Posterior lung herniation occurs in unilateral left lung agenesis/aplasia. Approximately 70% of the cases of posterior lung herniation reveal a unique radiolucent tongue-like projection in the left lower lung zone on imaging studies, which is caused by the extension of the posteriorly herniated right lung farther beyond the descending aorta.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45-47
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• 2024

Peripheral nerves may be affected or injured for several reasons. Peripheral nerve damage can result from trauma, surgery, anatomical abnormalities, entrapment, systemic diseases, or iatrogenic injuries. Trauma and iatrogenic injuries are the most common causes. The ulnar, median, and radial nerves are the most injured nerves in the upper extremities, while the sciatic and peroneal nerves are the most injured nerves in the lower extremities. The clinical symptoms of peripheral nerve damage include pain, weakness, numbness/ tingling, and paresthesia. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of peripheral nerve injuries are crucial. If a peripheral nerve injury is left untreated, it can lead to severe complications and significant morbidity. The sciatic nerve is one of the most affected nerves. This nerve is generally injured by trauma and iatrogenic causes. Children are more susceptible to trauma than adults. Therefore, sciatic nerve injuries are observed in pediatric patients. When the sciatic nerve is damaged, pain, weakness, sensory loss, and gait disturbances can occur. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of sciatic nerve injuries are important to avoid unexpected consequences. Ultrasound can play an important role in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injury and the follow-up of patients. The aim of this case report is twofold. First, we aimed to emphasize the critical role of ultrasonographic evaluation in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries and pathologies. Second, we aimed to present this case, which has distinguishing features, such as the existence of periostitis ossificans progressiva with sciatic neurotmesis due to a traumatic glass injury.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to identify correlations between keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) data from CT sections, and data on the KCOT clinical manifestation and resulting dental expenses. Materials and Methods: Following local Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, a seven-years of retrospective study was performed regarding patients with KCOTs treated at the Seoul National University Dental Hospital. A total of 180 KCOT were included in this study. The following information was collected: age, gender, location and size of the lesion, radiological features, surgical treatment provided and dental expenses. Results: There was no significant association between the size of the KCOT and age, gender, and presenting preoperative symptoms. In both jaws, it was unusual to find KCOTs under 10 mm. The correlation between the number of teeth removed and the size of the KCOT in the tooth bearing area was statistically significant in the mandible, whereas in the maxilla, no significant relationship was found. Dental expenses compared with the size of the KCOT were found to be significant in both jaws. Conclusion: The size of KCOT was associated with a significant increase in dental expenses for both jaws and the number of teeth removed from the mandible. These findings emphasize the importance of routine examinations and early detection of lesions, which in turn helps preserving anatomical structures and reducing dental expenses.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2019

도토리거위벌레는 큰턱을 이용하여 도토리에 구멍을 뚫고 가지를 자르는 독특한 행동을 한다. 이러한 행동을 이해하기 위해 다양한 현미경을 이용하여 구기의 해부학적 특징을 관찰하였다. 실체현미경을 이용한 연구에서는 도토리거위벌레 수컷의 평균 내전건과 외전건의 두께는 각각 32.87 ㎛, 53.83 ㎛이었고, 암컷의 평균 내전건과 외전건의 두께는 각각 40.81 ㎛, 75.55 ㎛이었다. 내전건과 외전건의 유의한 두께 차이로 인해 큰턱을 닫는 힘보다 벌리는 힘이 더 강하다는 것을 유추할 수 있다. 광학현미경을 이용한 관찰에서는 주둥이 안쪽에 위치한 내전건과 외전건의 너비 차이와 큰턱 쪽에서는 원형으로 위치하며 두부로 갈수록 납작해져 두부 외피 안쪽에 근육으로 연결된다는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 내전건의 위치와 모양의 변화에 대한 관찰을 수행하였다. 전자현미경을 통한 연구에서는 외전건이 내전건보다 더 굵으며 이로 인해 큰턱을 안쪽으로 당기는 힘보다 바깥쪽으로 밀어내는 힘이 더 크다는 것을 확인하였다. 관찰 결과를 바탕으로, 도토리거위벌레, 밤바구미, 왕거위벌레의 큰턱의 형태와 이빨의 위치 그리고 큰턱의 움직임에 대해 비교 분석하였고, 도토리거위벌레가 보여주는 특징적인 행동은 해부학적/형태적 특징과 연관되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

본 연구는 제주도에 도입된 외래 포유동물인 뉴트리아의 서식현황과 생물학적 특성을 밝히기 위하여 2013년 5월부터 2016년 8월까지 수행되었다. 연구를 통해 트랩으로 5개체가 포획되었고, 사체 2개체를 수집하였다. 이중 부패가 심해 생물학적 정보가 불분명한 1개체는 분석에서 제외했다. 조사한 암컷 4개체와 수컷 2개체는 모두 백색계통이었고, 눈동자는 적색이었다. 외부형태와 두개골형질 분석, 해부학적 관찰결과들은 포획된 암컷들이 성적으로 성숙한 상태였으나 번식활동은 이루어지지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 수컷 성체의 신체크기는 내륙의 성체와 유사하였다. 2013년 7개체 수집 이후 2014년 5월, 무인카메라에 1개체가 촬영되었으나 포획되지는 않았다. 이후 연구지역에서 지속적으로 모니터링을 실시한 결과, 서식하는 개체가 더 이상 확인되지 않아 자연사했거나 이주한 것으로 판단된다. 한정된 공간에서 토착 동물들과 유입종이 공존하는 제주지역의 특성에 맞는 뉴트리아의 관리방안을 마련하기 위해서는 제주도의 환경적 특성이 고려되어야 할 것이다. 이 연구 결과는 뉴트리아의 생물학적 특성을 이해하고, 제주도의 자연생태계 보호 프로그램을 마련하는 데 유용한 정보로 활용될 것이라 판단된다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2023

표준화되지 않은 의료 데이터 수집 및 관리는 여전히 수동으로 진행되고 있어, 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 딥 러닝을 사용해 CT 데이터를 분류하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 하지만 대부분 연구에서는 기본적인 CT slice인 axial 평면만을 기반으로 모델을 개발하고 있다. CT 영상은 일반 이미지와 다르게 인체 구조만 묘사하기 때문에 CT scan을 재구성하는 것만으로도 더 풍부한 신체적 특징을 나타낼 수 있다. 이 연구는 axial 평면뿐만 아니라 CT 데이터를 2D로 변환하는 여러가지 방법들을 통해 보다 높은 성능을 달성할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 한다. 훈련은 5가지 부위의 CT 스캔 1042개를 사용했고, 모델 평가를 위해 테스트셋 179개, 외부 데이터셋으로 448개를 수집했다. 딥러닝 모델 개발을 위해 ImageNet으로 사전 학습된 InceptionResNetV2를 백본으로 사용하였으며, 모델의 전체 레이어를 재 학습했다. 실험결과 신체 부위 분류에서는 재구성 데이터 모델이 99.33%를 달성하며 axial 모델보다 1.12% 더 높았고, 조영제 분류에서는 brain과 neck에서만 axial모델이 높았다. 결론적으로 axial slice로만 훈련했을 때 보다 해부학적 특징이 잘 나타나는 데이터로 학습했을 때 더 정확한 성능 달성이 가능했다.