• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2014

A zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid structure was successfully fabricated on a glass substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In-situ growth of a multi-dimensional ZnO hybrid structure was achieved by adjusting the growth temperature to determine the morphologies of either film or nanorods without any catalysts such as Au, Cu, Co, or Sn. The ZnO hybrid structure was composed of one-dimensional (1D) nanorods grown continuously on the two-dimensional (2D) ZnO film. The ZnO film of 2D mode was grown at a relatively low temperature, whereas the ZnO nanorods of 1D mode were grown at a higher temperature. The change of the morphologies of these materials led to improvements of the electrical and optical properties. The ZnO hybrid structure was characterized using various analytical tools. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the surface morphology of the nanorods, which had grown well on the thin film. The structural characteristics of the polycrystalline ZnO hybrid grown on amorphous glass substrate were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hall-effect measurement and a four-point probe were used to characterize the electrical properties. The hybrid structure was shown to be very effective at improving the electrical and the optical properties, decreasing the sheet resistance and the reflectance, and increasing the transmittance via refractive index (RI) engineering. The ZnO hybrid structure grown by MOCVD is very promising for opto-electronic devices as Photoconductive UV Detectors, anti-reflection coatings (ARC), and transparent conductive oxides (TCO).

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.124-127
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• 2005

As computer capability and test skill become more and more advanced, finite element method and modal test are being widely applied in engineering design. In order to correlate and reconcile the inevitable discrepancies between the analytical and experimental models, many techniques have been developed. Among these methods, multiple-system methods are known as the effective tools in that they can supply the rich modal data available which are experimentally obtained. These abundant modal data can help structural system parameters estimated well. Multiple-system methods can be classified into the structural modification methods and feedback controller methods. The structural modification methods need the physical attachment of structures and their concept may limit the application of them. To overcome this drawback, the feedback controller methods are addressed which enable us to get more modal data without the structural change. Mode decoupling controller(MDC), one of them, is to use acceleration out)ut feedback to perturb an open-loop system. The output feedback controller generally cannot guarantee the stability of a closed-loop system. However, MDC can solve this problem under the certain constraints. So far, MDC utilizes accelerations as the sensor signals. In this research, strain sensors are going to be picked up to apply to the MDC. Strain output is recently used for structural system identification due to the drastically improved and miniaturized strain sensor. In this paper, we show that the MDC using strain output has differences compared with acceleration output in estimating the structural system parameters. The associated simulation is performed to demonstrate the above mentioned characteristics.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.578-585
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• 2009

In this paper, we present the design of an electromagnetic scanning mirror with torsional springs. The scanning mirror consisting of torsional springs and electromagnetic coils was designed for the applications of laser animation systems. We analyzed and optimized three types of torsional springs, namely, straight beam springs (SBS), classic serpentine springs (CSS), and rotated serpentine springs (RSS). The torsional springs were analyzed in terms of electrical resistance, fabrication error tolerance, and resonance mode separation of each type using analytical formula or numerical analysis. The RSS has advantages over the others as follows: 1) A low resistance of conductors, 2) wide resonance mode separation, 3) strong fabrication error tolerance, 4) a small footprint. The double-layer coils were chosen instead of single-layer coils with respect to electromagnetic forces. It resulted in lower power consumption. The geometry of the scanning mirror was optimized by calculations; RSS turn was 12 and the width of double-layer coil was $100{\mu}m$, respectively. When the static rotational angle is 5 degrees, the power consumption of the mirror plate was calculated to be 9.35 mW since the resistance of the coil part and a current is $122{\Omega}$ and 8.75 mA, respectively. The power consumption of full device including the mirror plate and torsional springs was calculated to be 9.63 mW.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

In order to analyze the vibro-impacts in the torsional system, several clearance types of nonlinearities should be included with the analytical or numerical method. These kinds of nonlinear factors can cause the errors while the system is calculated specifically with the numerical method, also it might take too long to get right answers with the every nonlinearity in the original system. Therefore, there are several methods developed for the sake of overcoming the deficiency of the analysis with the original system and saving the calculating time. The original system can be reduced by keeping the system characteristics such as from 14 to 6 DOF. Especially, since the torque flow in the torsional system is connected with the specific gear ratios, the original system can be transferred into the simpler system corresponding to each gear ratio rather than the original system, which can also show the same system characteristics such as the natural frequencies and the mode shapes. By using the reduced system, the calculating time can be saved and the redundant nonlinear effects for the system analysis can be ignored without any numerical errors.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.485-499
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• 2018

In this paper, a hollow steel tube (HST) shear connector is proposed for use in a slim-floor system. The HST welded to a perforated steel beam web and embedded in concrete slab. A total of 10 push-out tests were conducted under static loading to investigate the mechanical behavior of the proposed HST connector. The variables were the shapes (circular, square and rectangular) and sizes of hollow steel tubes, and the compressive strength of the concrete. The failure mode was recorded as: concrete slab compressive failure under the steel tube and concrete tensile splitting failure, where no failure occurred in the HST. Test results show that the square shape HST in filled via concrete strength 40 MPa carried the highest shear load value, showing three times more than the reference specimens. It also recorded less slip behavior, and less compressive failure mode in concrete underneath the square hollow connector in comparison with the circular and rectangular HST connectors in both concrete strengths. The rectangular HST shows a 20% higher shear resistance with a longer width in the load direction in comparison with that in the smaller dimension. The energy absorption capacity values showed 23% and 18% improvements with the square HST rather than a headed shear stud when embedded in concrete strengths of 25 MPa and 40 MPa, respectively. Moreover, an analytical method was proposed and predicts the shear resistance of the HST shear connectors with a standard deviation of 0.14 considering the shape and size of the connectors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.293-308
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• 2006

This paper presents a complete and consistent formulation to study the seismic response of a free-standing ship supported by an arrangement of n keel blocks which are all located in a dry dock. It is considered that the foundation of the system is subjected to both horizontal and vertical in plane excitation. The motion of the system is classified in eight different modes which are Rest (relative), Sliding of keel blocks, Rocking of keel blocks, Sliding of the ship, Sliding of both keel blocks and the ship, Sliding and rocking of keel blocks, Rocking of keel blocks with sliding of the ship, and finally Sliding and rocking of keel blocks accompanied with sliding of the ship. For each mode of motion the governing equations are derived, and transition conditions between different modes are also defined. This formulation is based on a number of fundamental assumptions which are 2D idealization for motion of the system, considering keel blocks as the rigid ones and the ship as a massive rigid block too, allowing the similar motion for all keel blocks, and supposing frictional nature for transmitted forces between contacted parts. Also, the rocking of the ship is not likely to take place, and the complete ship separation from keel blocks or separation of keel blocks from the base is considered as one of the failure mode in the system. The formulation presented in this paper can be used in its entirety or in part, and they are suitable for investigation of generalized response using suitable analytical, or conducting a time-history sensitivity analysis.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2009

효과적인 횡력저항 시스템중에 하나인 다이아그리드 구조 시스템의 사용이 늘어나고 있다. 하지만 다이아그리드 노드의 바람 및 지진에 대한 구조성능을 해석적으로 평가하는 것은 한계가 있다. 특히 용접특성의 반영이 어려운데, 이 연구에서는 횡하중을 받는 다이아그리드 노드의 구조적 거동을 알아보기 위해 실제부재의 5분의 1로 축소한 모형을 이용해 실험을 수행했다. 주요 부위의 용접방법, 설계상세등 5가지 변수에 대하여 총 네 개의 실험체를 제작했다. 한쪽 가새부재에는 압축력을, 다른 쪽 가새부재에는 인장력을 가하는 반복가력 실험을 수행했다. 실험 결과 주요 파괴 원인은 인장력과 부가모멘트에 의한 파괴와 인장력만에 의한 용접부의 파단으로 나뉜다. 용접방법과 설계상세에 따른 초기강성, 항복강도의 차이는 없었다. 용접방법에 따른 파괴 형상의 차이가 있었으며 설계상세는 에너지 흡수능력에 영향을 미쳤다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2017

본 논문은 고자유도의 로봇에 대한 강인한 임피던스제어를 제안한다. 자유도가 높은 로봇에 대해서 동특성기반으로 제어하기 위해서는 해석적인 로봇의 동특성확보가 거의 불가능하기 때문에 수치해석적인 모델을 사용하게 된다. 이에 근본적으로 모델링오차가 존재하고 작업공간에서 임피던스제어기를 설계하는 경우에 많은 개수의 관절의 움직임의 영향을 받기 때문에 강인제어의 필요성이 더욱 절실하다. 이에 모델링 불확실성과 외란의 존재와 상관없이 원하는 임피던스를 유지하기 위해서는 공칭계통의 동특성에 슬라이딩모드의 강인성을 추가할 수 있는 적분슬라이딩모드제어를 도입하였고 입력외란의 영향을 제거할 수 있는 외란 관측기를 동시에 적용한 강인한 임피던스제어기를 제안하였다. 외란과 모델 불확실성이 존재함에도 불구하고 공칭계통을 기반으로 한 임피던스제어기의 특성을 그대로 유지할 수 있는 제어기가 설계되었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.98-106
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• 1995

대형구조물의 국부구조계에는 후판, 선체이중저와 같은 복판팬널 또는 FRP판과 같은 복합적층판에 집중질량, 질량-스프링계 또는 지지스프링 등으로 간주되는 부가제가 추가된 복합제의 진동해석을 수행하여야 되는 경우가 않다. 본 연구에서는 팬널의 receptance와 부가계의 receptance를 합성하여 복합제의 고유진동특성 및 강제진동응답을 효과적으로 얻을 수 있는 receptance 방법의 적용을 제시한다. 상기 팬널들은 전단변형 및 회전관성효과가 매우 크고 대부분 직교이방성 강성을 갖기 때문에 직교이방성 Mindlin판유추 구조계로 간주하였으며, Mindlin판유추 구조계의 receptance를 구하기 위해 assumed mode-Lagrange 운동방정식 원용에 의해 구하는 방법을 정식화하였다. 이때 진동파형은 Timoshenko 보함수 또는 이의 성질을 갖는 다항식을 사용하였다. 등방성후판 및 실선 이중저의 1/8축적 모델을 대상으로 일련의 수치계산을 수행하여 본연구에서 제시한 방법의 타당성을 보였다.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.600-606
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• 1999

본 논문은 길이 방향에 따라 단면적이 감소하는 경로와 증가하는 경로 2개가 존재할 경우 길이 방향에 따른 단면적 변화율과 경로의 길이에 의하여 특정 주파수에서 음파의 위상이 반대되는 현상이 발생하여 전달 경로 하단에서 해당 주파수의 소음이 상쇄되는 현상을 규명하였다. 단면적 변화를 고려한 1차 파동 방정식을 적용하여 매우 간단한 해석적인 해를 구하였으며, 원형 덕트 내의 속이 빈 콘 형상의 단면적 변화를 적용하여 실험적으로 검증하였다. 질량 효과에 의하여 필터링 주파수는 1, 2차 모드에서는 이론보다 더 낮은 주파수에서 결정되나, 3차 이상 고차 모드에서는 이론식으로 그 해당 주파수를 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 좁은 공간에서 덕트의 특정 소음의 주파수를 제거하여 음질을 개선할 필요가 있는 경우 이를 덕트 내부에 적용하는 콤팩트한 필터로 적용할 수 있다.