• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5664-5672
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to draw main characteristics of local climate change plans of 8 pilot cities through a serious of comparative analyses. The results of the analyses on the mitigation plans and the adaptation plans are the followings; Firstly, climate change plans have two types of distinctive frameworks. Secondly, vision, objectives, and main strategies are composed of main key words. The key words of mitigation plans are low carbon, GHG, green city, energy, and green growth. Adaptation, ecosystem, healthy, safe, disaster, water are the key words that frequently shown in adaptation plan. Thirdly, the mitigation plans tend to place emphasis on transportation and common area. The adaptation plans tend to weigh on water control and forestry. The main characteristics of both mitigation plans and adaptation plans of 8 pilot cities are summarized and policy implications are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2018

Quantitative measurement of chloride ion concentration has an important role in various fields of electrochemistry, medical science, biology, metallurgy, architecture, etc. Among them, its importance of architecture is ever-growing due to unexpected degradations of building structure. These situations are caused by corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) structure of buildings. And chloride ions are the most powerful factors of RC structure corrosion. Therefore, precise inspection of chloride ion concentration must be required to increase the accuracy of durability monitoring. Multi-walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have high chemical resistivity, large surface area and superior electrical property. Thus, it is suitable for the channels of electrical signals made by the sensor. Silver nanoparticles were added to giving the sensing property. CuBTC, one of the metal organic frameworks (MOFs), was employed as a material to improve the sensing property because of its hydrophilicity and high surface area to volume ratio. In this study, sensing element was synthesized by various chemical reaction procedures. At first, MWCNTs were functionalized with a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid because of enhancement of solubility in solution and surface activation. And functionalized MWCNTs, silver nanoparticles, and CuBTC were synthesized on PTFE membrane, one by one. Electroless deposition process was performed to deposit the silver nanoparticles. CuBTC was produced by room temperature synthesis. Surface morphology and composition analysis were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also performed to confirm the existence of sensing materials. The electrical properties of sensor were measured by semiconductor analyzer. The chloride ion sensing characteristics were confirmed with the variation of the resistance at 1 V.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.8 s.145
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• pp.1136-1145
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to determine factors affecting sun protective behavior and intention to buy UV protective clothing among outdoor sport persons in Korea. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to mountain climbers, bikers and in-line skaters with a convenience sampling method. Two theoretical frameworks, health belief(HB) model and diffusion theory(DT) were used for the study. Based on HB model, sun protection behaviors(SPBs) were associated with cancer perception, perceived benefits, behavioral barriers and cues to actions based on the HB model. Based on DT model, intention to buy (ITB) was determined by an individual's perceived attributes of UV protective shirt. Appearance concern variables were added to the extended HB model. The extended DT model was proposed by adding the variables in the HB model and variables of appearance concern. Multiple regression analysis was applied. Results were as follows. First, perceived benefits, behavioral barriers, cues to action, and all three appearance concern variables as well as gender and age were significant determinants of SPB for Korean outdoor consumers. Second, relative advantage, compatibility, friability, behavioral barriers and cues to action with some appearance concern variables were significant in affecting intention to buy UV protective clothes. Extended HB model and extended DT model were useful to understand SPBs of Korean outdoor consumers.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

The validity of simulation has been well-established for decades in areas such as computer and communication system. Recently, the technique has become entrenched in specific areas such as transportation and traffic forecasting. Several methods have been proposed for investigating complex traffic flows. However, the dynamics of vehicles and their driver's characteristics, even though it is known that they are important factors for any traffic flow analysis, have never been considered sufficiently. In this paper, the traffic simulation using a multi-agent approach with considering vehicle dynamics is proposed. The multi-agent system is constructed with the traffic environment and the agents of vehicle and driver. The traffic environment consists of multi-lane roads, nodes, virtual lanes, and signals. To ensure the fast calculation, the agents are performed on the based of the rules to regulate their behaviors. The communication frameworks are proposed for the agents to share the information of vehicles' velocity and position. The model of a driver agent which controls a vehicle agent is described in the companion paper. The vehicle model contains the nonlinear subcomponents of engine, torque converter, automatic transmission, and wheels. The simulation has proceeded for an interrupted and uninterrupted flow model. The result has shown that the driver agent performs human-like behavior ranging from slow and careful to fast and aggressive driving behavior, and that the change of the traffic state is closely related with the distance and the signal delay between intersections. The system developed shows the effectiveness and the practical usefulness of the traffic simulation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2018

As information and communication technologies (ICTs) become more advanced, consumers are able to experience retailing activities such as searching for products and services in online retail shops and for Internet-exclusive branded contents. Specifically, fashion retailers are facing the need to develop more novel experiential design than one another to maximize customers' experience in Internet websites and secure sustainable competency. Confirming methods of organic integration of experiential and visual features of both online and mobile channels is an important aspect of the study of extended consumers' interfaces of retail channels. Mehrabian and Russell's stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm and Sugiyama and Andree's attention, interest, search, action, and share (AISAS) model were used for this research. Specifically, the present study considered the effect of e-commerce website features on consumers' emotional reactions (pleasure and arousal) and the consequent impact on online consumer behaviors (search, action, and share). Hence, plus the self-reported survey methods, each subject's psychophysiological indicators (i.e., pleasure and arousal) were measured to obtain more objective and reliable data and to redeem the results of the self-reported survey. Findings revealed the implications of the e-commerce website feature by comprehending the S-O-R paradigm and AISAS model and extending the understanding of the role of variables associated with comprehended frameworks based on psychophysiological data.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.84-97
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the demands for educational programs on clinical trials of Korean medicine devices, and develop training programs based on the needs of Korean medicine. Methods: This research was conducted targeting 26 volunteer applicants who had participated in clinical trials of Korean medicine devices within the last five years (2010-2015). The survey was carried out between May 1, 2015 and May 26, 2015 via e-mail. After receiving questionnaire replies, the material was established. Using obtained data, frequency analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 version. Results: 92% of the researchers who participated in the survey expected introduction of educational programs on clinical trials and anticipated that programs contain information that can meet the needs of each researcher. In addition, according to the analysis, introducing expert certification for clinical trials of Korean medicine devices is necessary, and offering related graduate courses are also needed. Conclusions: As a result of this study, researchers had difficulties during clinical trials of Korean medicine devices. If the educational programs were to be developed and institutional frameworks support them effectively, it would prove to be helpful to researchers in clinical trials.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.591-601
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• 2011

Today's Internet which provides communication channels with best-effort end-to-end performance is rapidly evolving into an autonomic global computing platform. Achieving autonomicity in the Future Internet will require a performance architecture that (a) allows users to request and own 'slices' of geographically-distributed host and network resources, (b) measures and monitors end-to-end host and network status, (c) enables analysis of the measurements within expert systems, and (d) provides performance intelligence in a timely manner for application adaptations to improve performance and scalability. We describe the requirements and design of one such "Future Internet performance architecture" (FIPA), and present our reference implementation of FIPA called 'OnTimeMeasure.' OnTimeMeasure comprises of several measurement-related services that can interact with each other and with existing measurement frameworks to enable performance intelligence. We also explain our OnTimeMeasure deployment in the global environment for network innovations (GENI) infrastructure collaborative research initiative to build a sliceable Future Internet. Further, we present an applicationad-aptation case study in GENI that uses OnTimeMeasure-enabled performance intelligence in the context of dynamic resource allocation within thin-client based virtual desktop clouds. We show how a virtual desktop cloud provider in the Future Internet can use the performance intelligence to increase cloud scalability, while simultaneously delivering satisfactory user quality-of-experience.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.218-224
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• 2014

In order to explore new coordination frameworks with novel designed 3-nitrophthalic acid and the same N-donor ancillary ligand, a series of novel coordination complexes, namely, $[Cd_2(3-NPA)_2(TBZ)_2(H_2O)_2]{\cdot}2H_2O$(1), $[Zn_2(3-NPA)_2(TBZ)_2]$(2), $[Zn_2O(3-NPA)(TBZ)(H_2O)]_n$(3), $[Co(3-NPA)(TBZ)(H_2O)]_n$(4) (3-$NPAH_2$ = 3-nitrophthalic acid), have been hydrothermally synthesized through the reaction of 3-nitrophthalic acid with divalent transition-metal salts in the presence of N-donor ancillary coligand (TBZ = thiabendazole). As a result of various coordination modes of the versatile 3-$NPAH_2$ and the coligand TBZ, these complexes exhibit structural diversity. X-ray structure analysis reveals that 1 and 2 are 0D molecular rings, while 3 and 4 are one-dimensional (1D) infinite chain polymers. And the weak O-H${\cdots}$O hydrogen bonds and C-H${\cdots}$O nonclassical hydrogen bonds as well as ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking also play important roles in affecting the final structure where complexes 1, 3 and 4 have 3D supramolecular architectures, while complex 2 has a 2D supramolecular network. Also, IR spectra, fluorescence properties and thermal decomposition process of complexes 1-4 were investigated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.1752-1757
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to evaluate the radioactivity levels and radiological impacts of representative black sand samples collected from different locations in the Rashid area, Egypt. These samples were prepared and then analyzed using the high-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy technique with a high-purity germanium detector. The activity concentration ($A_c$), minimum detectable activity, absorbed gamma dose rate, external hazard index ($H_{ex}$), annual effective dose rate equivalent, radium equivalent, as well as external and internal hazard index ($H_{ex}$ and $H_{in}$, respectively) were estimated based on the measured radionuclide concentration of the $^{238}U$($^{226}Ra$) and $^{232}Th$ decay chains and $^{40}K$. The activity concentrations of the $^{238}U$, $^{232}Th$ decay series and $^{40}K$ of these samples varied from $45.11{\pm}3.1Bq/kg$ to $252.38{\pm}34.3Bq/kg$, from $64.65{\pm}6.1Bq/kg$ to $579.84{\pm}53.1Bq/kg$, and from $403.36{\pm}20.8Bq/kg$ to $527.47{\pm}23.1Bq/kg$, respectively. The activity concentration of $^{232}Th$ in Sample 1 has the highest value compared to the other samples; this value is also higher than the worldwide mean range as reported by UNSCEAR 2000. The total absorbed gamma dose rate and the annual effective dose for these samples were found to vary from 81.19 nGy/h to 497.81 nGy/h and from $99.86{\mu}Sv/y$ to $612.31{\mu}Sv/y$, which are higher than the world average values of 59 nGy/h and $70{\mu}Sv/y$, respectively. The $H_{ex}$ values were also calculated to be 3.02, 0.47, 0.63, 0.87, 0.87, 0.51 and 0.91. It was found that the calculated value of $H_{ex}$ for Sample 1 is significantly higher than the international acceptable limit of <1. The results are tabulated, depicted, and discussed within national and international frameworks, levels, and approaches.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.440-451
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• 2013

English village in Korea is an unique model for English education and a number of English villages have been established and operated since 2004. Although educators related to English education have acknowledged English village' growth, there is not enough research on development of English village program. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement an effective task-based program in English village in Korea. 'A' English Village is chosen for analysis and Brown's[17] and Long & Crookes'[36] frameworks are adapted for developing task-based English village program. The study included seven steps for program development and explanations and activities for each step are illustrated in detail. Finally, operational considerations for English village program are discussed and some implications of this study will be able to contribute to task-based language teaching for young learners.