• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2003

면진격리 고무베어링의 설계법을 수정하여 구조물의 성능점 예측을 위한 간편한 해석방법을 제안하였다. 이러한 적용이 가능한 것은 구조물이 지진력의 작용으로 인하여 손상을 입게 되면 구조물의 항복 후 강성은 연화되고, 이로 말미암아 구조물의 동적 특성이 장주기화 하기 때문이다. 제안된 해석법이 기존의 방법에 비하여 우월한 것은 능력스펙트럼법이 요구하는대로 보유능력곡선과 요구량스펙트럼을 가속도-변위 좌표계로 치환하지 않고서도 비교적 정확한 성능점을 예측할 수 있다는 것이다. 제안된 방법의 타당성은 문헌에서 보이는 정확한 값과의 비교에 의하여 입증하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.157-174
• /
• 2020

The guided wave technique is commonly used in structural health monitoring as the guided waves can propagate far in the structures without much energy loss. The guided waves are conventionally generated by the surface-mounted piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS). However, there is still lack of understanding of the wave propagation in layered structures, especially in structures made of anisotropic materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. In this paper, the Rayleigh-Lamb wave strain tuning curves in a PWAS-mounted unidirectional CFRP plate are analytically derived using the normal mode expansion (NME) method. The excitation frequency spectrum is then multiplied by the tuning curves to calculate the frequency response spectrum. The corresponding time domain responses are obtained through the inverse Fourier transform. The theoretical calculations are validated through finite element analysis and an experimental study. The PWAS responses under the free, debonded and bonded CFRP conditions are investigated and compared. The results demonstrate that the amplitude and travelling time of wave packet can be used to evaluate the CFRP bonding conditions. The method can work on a baseline-free manner.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.353-370
• /
• 2014

A new method is proposed in this study for estimating the damping ratio of a super tall building under strong wind loads with short-time measured acceleration signals. This method incorporates two main steps. Firstly, the power spectral density of wind-induced acceleration response is obtained by the wavelet transform, then the dynamic characteristics including the natural frequency and damping ratio for the first vibration mode are estimated by a nonlinear regression analysis on the power spectral density. A numerical simulation illustrated that the damping ratios identified by the wavelet spectrum are superior in precision and stability to those values obtained from Welch's periodogram spectrum. To verify the efficiency of the proposed method, wind-induced acceleration responses of the Guangzhou West Tower (GZWT) measured in the field during Typhoon Usagi, which affected this building on September 22, 2013, were used. The damping ratios identified varied from 0.38% to 0.61% in direction 1 and from 0.22% to 0.59% in direction 2. This information is expected to be of considerable interest and practical use for engineers and researchers involved in the wind-resistant design of super-tall buildings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제70권3호
• /
• pp.289-301
• /
• 2019

Hysteretic energy is defined as energy dissipated through inelastic deformations during a ground motion by the system. It includes frequency content and duration of ground motion as two remarkable parameters, while these characteristics are not seen in displacement spectrum. Since maximum displacement individually cannot be the appropriate criterion for damage assessment, hysteretic energy has been evaluated in this research as a more comprehensive seismic demand parameter. An innovative methodology has been proposed to establish a new equivalent linear model to estimate hysteretic energy spectrum for bilinear SDOF models under two different sets of earthquake excitations. Error minimization has been defined in the space of equivalent linearization concept, which resulted in equivalent damping and equivalent period as representative parameters of the linear model. Nonlinear regression analysis was carried out for predicting these equivalent parameter as a function of ductility. The results also indicate differences between seismic demand characteristics of far-field and near-field ground motions, which are not identified by most of previous equations presented for predicting seismic energy. The main advantage of the proposed model is its independency on parameters related to earthquake and response characteristics, which has led to more efficiency as well as simplicity. The capability of providing a practical energy based seismic performance evaluation is another outstanding feature of the proposed model.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.457-471
• /
• 2021

This study aims at providing a simple and effective methodology to define a meaningful characteristic period for special class of earthquake records named "pulse-like ground motions". In the proposed method, continuous wavelet transform is employed to extract the large pulse of ground motions. Then, Fourier amplitude spectra obtained from the original ground motion and the residual motion is simply compared. This comparison permits to define a threshold pulse-period (Tp∗) as the threshold period above which the pulse component has negligible contributions to the Fourier amplitude spectrum. The effect of pulse on frequency content of motions was discussed on the light of this definition. The advantage and superior features of the new definition were related to the inelastic displacement ratio (IDR) for single-degree-of-freedom systems with period equal to one half of the threshold period. Analyses performed for the proposed period at three ductility levels u=2,4,6 were compared with the results obtained at half of pulse period derived from wavelet analysis, peak-point method and the peak of product of the velocity and the displacement response spectra (Sv x Sd). According to the results, pulse effects on inelastic displacement ratio seem to be more important when $\frac{T_p^*}{T}=2$ (T is the fundamental vibration period of system). The results showed that utilizing of the proposed definition could facilitate an enhanced understanding of pulse-like records features.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2020

최신 내진설계기준 KDS 41 17 00에 비선형동적해석에 사용될 지반운동 선정 및 보정에 관한 절차가 반영되었으나 관련 문헌 부족으로 실무적 차원에서의 적용이 여전히 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 비선형동적해석 수행을 위한 지반운동을 선정하고 보정하기 위해 부지응답해석을 수행한 사례를 소개한다. 이에 근거하여, 현행 설계기준에 명기된 부지응답해석 관련 조항을 실무적용 차원에서 검토하였다. 그 결과 암반운동선정에 관한 설계조항이 지나치게 엄격하여 과도한 결과를 초래하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 가속도 민감 구간을 포함한 관심주기범위를 지닌 저층 구조물일수록 더욱 부각되는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 표면지진파가 기준에 적합한 응답을 보였음에도 불구하고, 해석 전 절차의 암반운동선정과 관련된 조항으로 인해 해석 후 절차와 관계없이 지진파를 다시 선정 및 보정해야만 했다. 또한, 연약지반이거나 해당 지반에 강한 지진이 발생하는 경우에는 지반물성과 적절한 해석 기법을 올바르게 선정하기 위해 더욱 엄격한 조사가 선행되어야 한다고 판단된다. 지반물성과 해석기법에 관한 신뢰도가 조금이라도 문제가 있다면 설계용도로 사용하기에 부적합한 결과를 초래할 수 있기 때문이다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2010

동적 불안정 좌굴현상에 관한 연구는 다소 발표되고 있으나 주기성을 가진 히중하에서의 동적 좌굴을 다룬 연구는 그리 많지 않은 편이다. 주기성을 가진 하중하에서의 거동은 스텝 하중하에서 거동과는 다르리라 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 동적 불안정의 기본 메커니즘을 파악하기 위하여 2자유도의 얕은 EP(Elliptic Paraboliodal)쉘이 정현파 하중을 받았을 때의 직접좌굴과 간접좌굴 현상을 조사한다. Newma가-$\beta$법에 의한 수치적분을 이용하여 비선형 운동 방정식의 변위응답을 구하고 얻어진 비선형 변위응답으로 위상곡면선의 끌개를 비교하고, FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)에 의한 연속 응답 스펙트럼을 구해 동적 불안정 특성에 관해서 분석한다. 그 결과 동적 좌굴하중은 구조물의 고유주기와 외력 탁월진동수와의 관계에 크게 영향을 받는다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제60권6호
• /
• pp.1021-1038
• /
• 2016

Considerable part of reinforced concrete building has suffered from destructive earthquakes in Turkey. This situation makes necessary to determine nonlinear behavior and seismic performance of existing RC buildings. Inelastic response of buildings to static and dynamic actions should be determined by considering both flexural plastic hinges and brittle shear hinges. However, shear capacities of members are generally neglected due to time saving issues and convergence problems and only flexural response of buildings are considered in performance assessment studies. On the other hand, recent earthquakes showed that the performance of older buildings is mostly controlled by shear capacities of members rather than flexure. Demand estimation is as important as capacity estimation for the reliable performance prediction in existing RC buildings. Demand estimation methods based on strength reduction factor (R), ductility (${\mu}$), and period (T) parameters ($R-{\mu}-T$) and damping dependent demand formulations are widely discussed and studied by various researchers. Adopted form of $R-{\mu}-T$ based demand estimation method presented in Eurocode 8 and Turkish Earthquake Code-2007 and damping based Capacity Spectrum Method presented in ATC-40 document are the typical examples of these two different approaches. In this study, eight different existing RC buildings, constructed before and after Turkish Earthquake Code-1998, are selected. Capacity curves of selected buildings are obtained with and without considering the brittle shear capacities of members. Seismic drift demands occurred in buildings are determined by using both $R-{\mu}-T$ and damping based estimation methods. Results have shown that not only capacity estimation methods but also demand estimation approaches affect the performance of buildings notably. It is concluded that including or excluding the shear capacity of members in nonlinear modeling of existing buildings significantly affects the strength and deformation capacities and hence the performance of buildings.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.261-266
• /
• 2021

Nuclear power plants in Korea were designed and evaluated based on the NRC's Regulatory Guide 1.60, a design response spectrum for nuclear power plants. However, it can be seen that the seismic motion characteristics are different when analyzing the Gyeongju earthquake and the Pohang earthquake that has recently occurred in Korea. Compared to the design response spectrum, seismic motion characteristics in Korea have a larger spectral acceleration in the high-frequency region. Therefore, in the case of equipment with a high natural frequency installed in a nuclear power plant, seismic performance may be reduced by reflecting the characteristics of domestic seismic motions. The failure modes of the equipment are typically structural failure and functional failure, with an anchorage failure being a representative type of structural failure. In this study, comparative analyses were performed to decide whether to consider the inelastic behavior of the anchorage or not. As a result, it was confirmed that the seismic performance of the anchorages could be increased by considering the inelastic behavior of an anchorage.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2009

최근 들어 구조물의 내진성능평가법으로서 간편법인 역량스펙트럼법이 건축물을 비롯한 교량분야에도 활용되고 있다. 현재까지의 연구는 대부분 대칭성을 갖는 정형화된 형상의 교량을 대상으로 하는 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 이 논문에서는 역량스펙트럼법을 비정형 곡선교에 적용시켰을 때의 실용성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 3경간 연속 곡선교의 비탄성 내진성능을 역량스펙트럼법과 시간이력해석법으로 평가하였다. 곡선교의 응답은 단순 3경간 대칭형 직선교의 응답과 비교하고, 곡선교의 원호각의 정도에 따른 비탄성변위응답의 변화를 분석하였다. 역량스펙트럼법에 의한 평가결과는 비선형 시간이력해석법에 의한 결과와 비교하였다. 입력운동으로 사용한 지반 운동은 실제 기록 지진 중에서 선별된 El Centro지진과 Kobe지진이다. 해석결과, 역량스펙트럼법이 시간이력해석방법에 비하여 대체적으로 변위응답을 크게 산출하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 역량스펙트럼법에 의한 해석결과로 얻어진 직선교에 대한 변위 응답 값은 시간이력해석결과와 대체적으로 일치하고 있다. 하지만 곡선교의 원호각이 커질수록 교각의 비탄성 변위는 직선교의 비탄성 변위와 비교하였을 때 그 차이가 증가되는 것으로 확인되었다.