• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

This paper is an overview of the experimental work using a Planar Magnetic Levitation Stage System structure proposed by Dr. Won-Jong Kim in his PhD thesis. Based on his results, we built an Experimental Test Stand (ETS), which enabled us to get accustomed with the new technology and to create new control structures and algorithms. The ETS is controlled by a powerful controller made of 4 DSPs mastered by a PC. This controller structure increases the controller bandwidth up to 10 kHz leading to a better emulation of an analog controller and leaving enough room for further development. Based on analyzing all the factors that can affect the performances of the system, we achieved a great accurate positioning performance of sub-nanometer RMS value.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine reliability and validity of the Neck Disability Index (NDI) now in use for the first time in neck pain patients of Korea. Fifty subjects (26 males and24 female) with neck pain enrolled in the study. They completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire that include pain intensity, personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleeping and recreation. Reliability was determined by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha by internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NDI scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. The Test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NDI was good ICC (2,1) = .90 (95%CI .85 .95). Cronbach's alpha value for NDI was found to be .95 and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficients was .72 (p<.01). We conclude that the Korean version of NDI has shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this randomized, controlled, prospective clinical study was to evaluate patients' intraoperative discomfort during root canal preparations in which either multi-file rotary (Mtwo) or single-file reciprocating (Reciproc) systems were used. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five adult patients, aged between 25 and 69 years old, with irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis participated in this study. Either the mesiobuccal or the distobuccal canals for maxillary molars and either the mesiobuccal or the mesiolingual canals for mandibular molars were randomly chosen to be instrumented with Mtwo multi-file rotary or Reciproc single-file reciprocating systems. Immediately after each canal instrumentation under anesthesia, patient discomfort was assessed using a 1 - 10 visual analog scale (VAS), ranging from 'least possible discomfort' (1) to 'greatest possible discomfort' (10). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine significant differences at p < 0.05. Results: Little intraoperative discomfort was found in all cases. No statistically significant differences in intraoperative discomfort between the 2 systems were found (p = 0.660). Conclusions: Root canal preparation with multi-file rotary or single-file reciprocating systems had similar and minimal effects on patients' intraoperative discomfort.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.387-395
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• 2008

An optic module system is developed adopting multiple colorimetry units for the measurement of multi-pad urinalysis dipsticks. Multiple photometry system instead of moving mechanisms has the advantages of system reliability and simplicity as well as economic aspects due to the recent development of economic color light emitting diodes and stable photo sensors. An integration amplifier with programmable integration time, a current source circuit with selectable and stable current settings were connected through analog multiplexers to thirty light emitting diodes for illumination and ten photo transistors for reading each strip pad. All the circuits are controlled by a microprocessor through a simple set of serial communication commands. The detect ability is eighteen times better than the minimum color difference of the test grading which is 0.013 in urobilinogen in the color space defined in this paper.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

The aim of this review is to investigate studies of Korean medical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome published in Korea and the evidence of it's effects in order to suggest a better research method in the future. Four Korean web databases were searched by using key words such as 'carpal', and checked relevant Korean journals. The papers were classified into the field of study, publish date, diagnostic methods, evaluation methods and analysed the study tendency. There are 9 case studies, 4 controlled studies. The paper was published almost every year more than once. Acupucture, pharmacopuncture, acupotomy, warm needle acupuncture, taping, etc. were used as treatment tools. The two most commonly used diagnostic method for carpal tunnel syndrome are Phalen's test and Tinel's sign. The two most commonly used evaluation method are VAS(Visual Analog Scale) and subjective symptoms. Korean medical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome was effective in all studies. Korean medical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome was effective in all studies. So it is possible that Korean medical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome is useful as therapeutic medicine, but there are not sufficient evidence based papers, so there should be further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study uses X-rays investigate how university students' smart phone use affects the cervical vertebral angle. METHODS: Ninety-two randomly selected students agreed to participate in this study. The participants' number of hours of smart phone use was gathered using a questionnaire. An X-ray of the participants' cervical vertebrae was taken, and the cervical vertebral angle was measured using the Cobb and the absolute rotation angle (ARA) method. Also, the relation between pain and hours of smart phone use was identified using a visual analog scale (VAS). Using SPSS ver18, the relationships among the cervical vertebral angle and the items in the questionnaire were identified and a frequency analysis, an independent t-test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were calculated. RESULTS: The study showed that an increase in the number hours of smart phone per day led to cervical lordosis(p<0.05). The relationships between points of smart phone addiction and cervical vertebral angle have a negative correlation (p<0.05). Therefore, there are the higher smart phone addiction points, the decrease the cervical vertebral angle. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that increase in smart phone use lead to cervical lordosis, and smart phone addiction scores resulted in decreased in the cervical vertebral angle.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.225-235
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study was to report a case of a treatment with Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture for one patient suffering from the Cervical Myelopathy. Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture has been used as a analgesics and antispasmodics in the oriental medicine and reported to have antiinflammatory effect, sedative action and immunity enhancing activity, on one patient suffering from the Cervical Myelopathy. Methods : TThe patient was treated with Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture, acupuncture, herbal medication. Scolopendrae Corpus Pharmacopuncture was administered two or three times per week and we injected 0.2~1.0 ml of Scolopendrae Corpus Pharmacopuncture to the patient's neck and both arms. The improvement of the symptoms was evaluated by JOA score(Japanese Orthopedic Association score), Nurick grading, VAS(Visual Analog Scale), reflex testing, Finger escape sign, Grip and Release test. Result : After 5 weeks of treatment, the patient's JOA score, Nurick grading and VAS were improved from 12 to 16, from grade III to grade II and from 10 to 3 respectively. The movement and power of upper and lower limbs were restored to nearly normal range.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects lumbar stabilization exercise with kinesio taping on pain, muscle strength, and oswestry disability index (ODI) in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Two groups pre-post randomized controlled design Methods: Thirty-two subjects were randomly divided in two groups; 1) lumbar stabilization exercise with kinesio taping group (Experimental group, n=16), 2) lumbar stabilization exercise with sham kinesio taping group (Control group, n=16). The intervention was conducted in each group for thirty minutes a day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Both group did 30 minutes of lumbar stabilization application. Evaluations were performed before the commencement of training and again 4 weeks after training was initiated. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain level of patients with chronic low back pain. Distal muscle test was used to evaluate muscle strength of trunk extension. In addition, ODI was used to evaluate activity daily life of low back pain. Results: After training, the VAS, muscle strength of trunk extension and ODI were significantly more improvement in Experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We confirmed that the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise with kinesio taping group on pain, muscle strength, and ODI in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.30-38
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• 2018

Electronic control units (ECUs) are currently popular, and have evolved further towards the high-end application of autonomous vehicles in the automotive industry. Such digital technologies have also become widespread, in agriculture and construction equipment. Likewise, transmission control of high-speed tracked vehicles is based on the transmission control unit (TCU), performing complex gear change control functions, and diagnostic algorithms (a TCU's self-diagnostic and reporting capability of malfunction data through CAN communication). Since all functions of TCU are implemented by embedded-software, it is hardly possible to analyze specifications by reverse engineering. In this paper a real-time transmission simulator adaptable to TCU is presented, for analysis of diagnosis algorithm and standards. Signal simulation circuits are deliberately designed considering electrical characteristics of TCU inputs and various analysis tools, such as analog input auto scan function, and global output enable switch, are implemented in software. Test results from hardware-in-the-loop simulator verify tolerance time for each error, as well as cause of fault, error reset conditions.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2021

Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise according to correct verbal instructions in pain and muscle strengthening of the low back pain patients. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty subjects with low back pain were selected. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups (10 in each group): namely the lumbar stabilization exercise and lumbar stabilization exercise according to the correct verbal instructions group. The lumbar stabilization exercise group performed lumbar stabilization exercises for 6 weeks (5 times a week). The lumbar stabilization exercise according to correct verbal instructions group performed lumbar stabilization exercise according to correct verbal instructions for 6 weeks (5 times a week). We measured pain, muscle power, proprioception, and body balance before and after exercise by using visual analog scale (VAS), digital handheld dynanometer, Joint repositioning error, time up and go test respectively. Results: We found statistically significant differences in pain, muscle power, proprioception, and body balance in lumbar stabilization exercise and lumbar stabilization exercise according to correct verbal instructions group, before and after (p<0.05). Conclusions: We confirmed the effect of lumbar stabilization exercise according to correct verbal instructions. Thus we thought these results could be used as basic data and reference for low back pain. But we need more study effect of correct verbal instructions on other exercises.