• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.317-320
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• 2004

In this work we have managed to find parameters for defining athlete's aerobic and anaerobic thresholds. Thresholds which are of vital importance for top athletes. It is shown how differential evolution and different similarity measures has been used to tune computational model for threshold definitions. From our results it is obvious that the use of right parameter values for this kind expert system is of vital importance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4360-4366
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 고등학교 단거리 선수의 심폐능력, 기초체력, 신체조성, 그리고 각 부위별 근력이 24주간 운동을 통하여 어떠한 변화가 있는지 규명하였다. D 고등학교에 재학중이며 운동경력이 최소 4년이상된 남자 단거리 선수 8명을 연구대상자로 선정하였다. 운동 전 후 연구대상자들의 심폐능력, 신체조성, 근력 그리고 기초체력을 측정하여 자료처리 하였다. 본 연구결과, 체지방률, 체지방량, 제지방량, 그리고 체수분량 모두 훈련 후 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<0.05). $VO_2$max와 aerobic threshold는 운동전보다 향상되었으며 통계적으로 매우 유의한 변화가 나타났다 (p<0.05). 근력 및 기초체력 또한 통계적으로 유의한 상승 변화을 보였다 (p<0.05.) 본 연구결과 24주간의 훈련 프로그램은 남자 고등학교 단거리 선수들의 총체적 체력 향상을 도모하였다. 단거리 훈련 프로그램 작성 시 전통적인 방법으로 훈련을 계획하고 실천하기 보다는 경기력 향상 및 부상 예방을 위하여 훈련 전 종합적인 신체검사 및 체력 검사를 전문가와 같이 실시 및 평가하여 이를 토대로 개인의 체력에 맞게 훈련 프로그램을 계획 실천할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare the anaerobic threshold (AT) between subjects with and without non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP). The patient group included 15 women with NCLBP. The normal group included 15 women without NCLBP who were age-, height-, weight-, and activity level-matched. The subjects performed a Balke treadmill protocol which was symptom-limited progressive loading test. Their heart rate (HR), ventilatory gas and metabolic equivalents (METs) were measured using the automatic breath gas analyzing system. After the test, each subjects' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated. The visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed pre- and post-test. The independent t-test and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test were used for analysis of the data. Time, HR, the volume of oxygen consumption ($VO_2$), relative $VO_2$, and METs at the AT level of the patient group were significantly lower than those of the healthy group (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in RPE, VAS, and breathing frequency at the AT level (p>.05). The findings of this study indicate that patients with NCLBP had a lower aerobic fitness than healthy subjects. Thus, implementation of rehabilitation program to increase aerobic fitness may be considered in patietns with NCLBP, and further studies are required to determine the etiological factors of decreased aerobic fitness.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.3088-3095
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• 2011

본 연구는 건강한 정상인의 필라테스 운동에 참여가 심혈관 및 호흡 변인에 미치는 영향을 분석하여, 필라테스 운동이 심폐계에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 건강한 정상인 36명을 무작위로 필라테스 운동에 참여하는 실험군과 대조군으로 나누었다. 필라테스 운동은 8주간 주 3회, 1회당 60분 동안 실시되었고 운동 전과 후에 혈압, 최대산소섭취량, 산소이용률, 그리고 무산소성 역치 등 심혈관 및 호흡계와 관련된 변인들을 측정하였다. 8주의 필라테스 운동을 시행한 실험군의 이완기 혈압을 제외한 나머지 심혈관 및 호흡 변인들이 필라테스 운동전에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 상승되었으며, 대조군과의 비교에서도 수축기 혈압, 최대산소섭취량, 산소이용률, 그리고 무산소성역치가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과에서 필라테스 운동은 심혈관 및 호흡 변인에 효과가 있으며 필라테스 운동이 유연성, 통증조절 및 재활 치료의 효과 이외에도 유산소 운동의 효과를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.340-353
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• 2015

Purpose. This study of purpose was to to compare of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity between Sasang Constitutions and ACE Gene Polymorphism. Methods. 24 healthy males were participated in this experiment who were in their twenties and had no disease, then they were divided by ACE type and by Sasang constitutions with QSCC II. According to these group, the body compositon, Aerobic capacity including VO2max, Anaerobic Capacity were measured. Results. In this study, According to ACE type, ID type were 8, II were 8 and DD type were 8 persons. According to ACE type, there were significant difference among type, especially, II, ID type more than DD. II type is more higher than any type and DD type is lower in the ratio of Blood Lactic recovery. DD type was more excellent than other type in Anaerobic power. According to Sasang Constitutions, there were 8 SoYang, 5 Taeum, 11 Soeum and then no TaeYang constitution. In Aerobic capacity, Taeum constitution had significantly high means and Anaerobic threshold. In the ratio of Blood lactic recovery, Taeum constitution was excellent and SoYang had poor recovery capacity. SoYang had more excellent than other constitution significantly in Anaerobic capacity. Comparing ACE type with Sasang constitution, Soyang constitution included 4 ID types, Taeum inclued 2 II types and 2 ID types then Soeum included 6 DD types. Compared of Aerobic and Anaerobic capacity between Sasang constitutions and ACE type, Soyang constitutions were similar to ID type, Taeum similar to II type and ID type and then Soeum were DD type. Conclusions. This study had made it clear that there were similar feature between ACE type and Sasang constitutions. Also it's possible to predict the Aerobic capacity that may be foreseen by ACE type with Sasang questionnaire method but not Anaerobic capacity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

A 1.28 L-batch reactor and continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) fed with formate and trichloroethene (TCE) were operated for 120 days and 56 days, respectively, to study the effect of formate as electron donor on anaerobic reductive dechlorination (ARD) of TCE to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethylene (ETH). In batch reactor, injected 60 ${\mu}mol$ TCE was completely degraded in the presence of 20% hydrogen gas ($H_2$) in less than 8 days by anaerobic dechlorination mixed-culture (300 mg-soluble protein), Evanite Culture with ability to completely degrade tetrachloroethene (PCE) and -TCE to ETH under anaerobic conditions. Once the formate was used as electron donor instead of hydrogen gas in batch or chemostat system, the TCE-dechlorination rate decreased and acetate production rate increased. It indicates that the concentration of hydrogen produced in both systems is possibly more close to threshold for homoacetogenesis process. Soluble protein concentration of Evanite culture during the batch test increased from 300 mg to 688 mg for 120 days. Through the protein monitoring, we confirmed an increase of microbial population during the reactor operation. In CFSTR test, TCE was fed continuously at 9.9 ppm (75.38 ${\mu}mol/L$) and the influent formate feed concentration increased stepwise from 1.3 mmol/L to 14.3 mmol/L. Injected TCE was accumulated at 18 days of HRT, but TCE was completely degraded at 36 days of HRT without accumulation of the injected-TCE during the left of experiment period, getting $H_2$ from fermentative hydrogen production of injected formate. Although c-DCE was also accumulated for 23 days after beginning of CFSTR operation, it reached steady-state in the presence of excessive formate. We also evaluated microbial dynamic of the culture at different chemical state in the reactor by DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.249-260
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• 1990

Maximal cardiac output and oxygen uptake $(VO_{2max})$ were measured during treadmill exercise for seven top-class marathoners and nine non-athletes using impedance cardiograph developed by one of the authors (DW Kim). Results of this study are summarized as belows. 1) New shoes with sponge and silicon rubber attached to the soles were developed to reduce motion artifact during treadmill exercise. Ensemble everaging techneque with the developed shoes was also used to improve the measurement of stroke volume using impedance cardiography. 2) Maximal cardiac output of the athletes, 14.98 L/min, was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes, 13.46 L/min. As maximal heart rate of the marathoners is lower than that of non-athletes, stroke volume of the former is significantly larger than that of the latter. 3) $VO_{2max}$ of the marathoners, 59.38 ml/kg/min, was higher than that of the non-athletes, 40.22 ml/kg/min. At the anaerobic threshold. $VO_{2max}$ of the former was 62.3% of $VO_{2max}$ and this was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes, 57.2%, This results indicates that the marathoners have higher aerobic capacity than the non-athletes. 4) The marathoners showed larger $VO_2$ than the non-athletes at the same cardiac output, indicating that a-v $O_2$ of the former is higher than that of the latter. 5) Maximal systolic pressure of the marathoners was higher than that of the non-athletes, and so was maximal rate-pressure products. These results indicate that heart oxygen consumption rate $(hVO_2)$ of the marathoner is higher than that of the non-athletes is mainly due to higher stroke volume. And higher oxygen consumption of the marathoners is due to higher stroke volume. And higher oxygen consumption of the marathoners is due to their larger a-v $O_2$. The marathoners show both higher threshold and $VO_{2max}$. Especially, measurement of cardiac output during treadmill exercise by improved impedance cardiography is expected to contribute in study of cardiac function of athletes.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.703-710
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• 2011

Odor emission from domestic sewer systems has become a serious environmental problem. An investigation on a sewer manhole revealed that anaerobic decay of sediment organic matters (SOMs) and related declines of oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in the sediment layer were the main reason of the production of volatile sulfur compounds. In addition, as the anaerobic decaying period continued, the odor intensity rapidly increased with increasing concentrations of $H_2S$ and dimethyl sulfide. As a feasible method to control SOMs and to minimize odor emission potentials, an electrolytic oxidation process has been employed to the sediment sludge phase. In this study, voltages applied to the electrolytic oxidation process were varied as a main system parameter, and its effects on odor removal efficiencies and reaction characteristics were investigated. At the applied voltages greater than 20 V, the system efficiently oxidized the organic matter, and the ORP in the sludge phase increased rapidly. As a consequence, the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide was found to be >99% within 60 minutes of the electrolytic oxidation. Overall, the electrolytic oxidation process can be an alternative to control odor emission from sewer systems, and a threshold input energy needs to be determined to achieve effective operation of the process.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.464-471
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• 2016

본 연구는 심근경색 환자에서 젊은 환자군과 60세 이상의 노인 환자군에서 심장 재활이 심폐운동 기능에 미치는 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 2012년에서 2015년까지 심장 재활을 실시하였던 환자 중 외래 경과 관찰중인 환자의 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 총 46명 (60세 이상의 노인 18명, 28명의 60세 미만의 젊은 환자군)이 연구에 포함되었다. 대상자들은 초기 운동부하 검사 결과를 바탕으로 심장재활 치료실에서 심전도 감시 하에 유산소 운동요법을 시행하였다. 심폐기능은 심장재활 실시 전, 후로 운동부하 검사에 의해 평가되었다. 심장재활을 실시하기 전 시행한 운동 부하 검사에서 최대 산소소모량, 최대 운동시의 신진대사 해당치, 무산소 역치 지표 등이 60세 이상의 노인에서 의미 있는 운동 기능 저하가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 심장재활 전과 후의 운동 능력을 비교하였을 때, 두 군에서 최대 운동 가능시간, 최대하 심근부담률, 최대 심박수, 안정시 심박수, 최대 산소 소모량, 최대 산소소모량 측정시의 최대 환기량, 최대 운동시의 신진대사 해당치, 무산소 역치 지표에서 통계학적으로 유의한 변화가 관찰되어(p<0.05), 심장재활 후 두 군 모두에서 운동기능의 개선의 효과가 있었다. 60세 이상 군과 60세 미만 군 두 군 사이에서 심장재활 전과 후의 운동능력 지표 변화율의 상대적인 비교 시에 최대 운동 가능시간, 최대 산소 소모량, 최대 운동시 신진대사 해당치, 무산소 역치 지표 등의 모든 운동 부하 검사 결과는 유사한 호전을 보였다. 한국에서 노인 환자의 심장재활 참여율과 전과율은 낮은 상태이다. 60세 이상의 노인 환자에서의 심장재활의 참여를 확대하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 기계적 동력을 이용하지 않고 오직 인간의 근육에서 발생된 에너지를 이용하여 이착륙 및 비행을 할 수 있는 인간동력항공기의 조종사 훈련 계획 수립, 훈련 및 성과에 관해 기술하였다. 이를 위해 전문 트레이너는 각 조종사들의 신체적 특성을 고려하여 훈련 계획을 수립하였으며, 조종사들은 기초 체력 증진을 위한 실내 트레이닝, 균일한 동력 발생을 위한 실외 트레이닝, 조향 능력 습득을 위한 시뮬레이션 교육 및 경비행기 탑승을 실시하였다. 훈련을 통해 조종사의 몸무게 감소 및 체력 향상을 확인할 수 있었으며, 비행에 필요한 기본적인 비행 운용 능력을 습득하였다.