• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2019

The modified Kling-Gupta efficiency fusion method to merge actual evapotranspiration was proposed and compared with the simple Taylor skill's score method using Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), MODIS Global Evapotranspiration Project (MOD16), and the flux tower on three different land cover types over the Korean peninsula and China. In the results of the weights estimated from two actual evapotranspiration merging techniques (i.e., STS and KGF), the weights of reanalysis data (i.e, GLDAS and GLEAM) in cropland and grassland showed similar performance, while the results of weights are different according to the merging techniques in forest. Both two merging techniques showed better results than original dataset in grassland and forest. However, there were no improvement in cropland compared to the other land cover types. The results of the KGF method slightly improved compared to those of the STS in grassland and forest.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the occupational performance of Korean workers with and without hearing loss and analyze the hearing-related difficulties in the working environment. Subjects and Methods: The Amsterdam checklist for hearing and work was used for the analyses and the occupational environments of the Korean workers were investigated. Out of 129 total participants, 86 workers experienced severe to profound hearing loss and 43 had the normal hearing ability. The hearing-impaired workers were recruited from two leading vocational centers and normal-hearing workers were their colleagues. Results: The hearing-impaired workers were found to take fewer sick leaves and exhibited higher rates of permanent job statuses compared to the normal-hearing workers. Workers with hearing loss rarely detected background sound; however, they could perceive reverberation more frequently. They felt more satisfied with their careers than the normal hearing workers as they received social support and needed to put their effort into hearing for most hearing activities. Furthermore, the effort in hearing increased with the increase in job demand, job control, social support, and career satisfaction. The working hours per week increased with the increase in age, education level, job demand, job control, and social support. Different trends were observed in 9 out of 12 variables while comparing the data from the present study with that obtained from the hearing-impaired workers of the Netherlands, indicating a large difference between countries. Conclusions: Although the hearing-impaired Korean workers operate diligently with good job positions, it is necessary to enhance their acoustic environment and provide them social support. Considering the cultural background of the hearing-impaired workers, the development of suitable vocational rehabilitation programs and specific questionnaires is strongly recommended worldwide.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.189-199
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the occupational performance of Korean workers with and without hearing loss and analyze the hearing-related difficulties in the working environment. Subjects and Methods: The Amsterdam checklist for hearing and work was used for the analyses and the occupational environments of the Korean workers were investigated. Out of 129 total participants, 86 workers experienced severe to profound hearing loss and 43 had the normal hearing ability. The hearing-impaired workers were recruited from two leading vocational centers and normal-hearing workers were their colleagues. Results: The hearing-impaired workers were found to take fewer sick leaves and exhibited higher rates of permanent job statuses compared to the normal-hearing workers. Workers with hearing loss rarely detected background sound; however, they could perceive reverberation more frequently. They felt more satisfied with their careers than the normal hearing workers as they received social support and needed to put their effort into hearing for most hearing activities. Furthermore, the effort in hearing increased with the increase in job demand, job control, social support, and career satisfaction. The working hours per week increased with the increase in age, education level, job demand, job control, and social support. Different trends were observed in 9 out of 12 variables while comparing the data from the present study with that obtained from the hearing-impaired workers of the Netherlands, indicating a large difference between countries. Conclusions: Although the hearing-impaired Korean workers operate diligently with good job positions, it is necessary to enhance their acoustic environment and provide them social support. Considering the cultural background of the hearing-impaired workers, the development of suitable vocational rehabilitation programs and specific questionnaires is strongly recommended worldwide.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2024

Background: The pain caused by local anesthetic injection can lead to patient anxiety prior to surgery, potentially necessitating sedation or general anesthesia during the excision procedure. In this study, we aim to compare the pain relief efficacy and safety of using a digital automatic anesthetic injector for local anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing excision of a benign soft tissue tumor under local anesthesia were prospectively enrolled from September 2021 to February 2022. A single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups by randomization: the experimental group with digital automatic anesthetic injector method (I-JECT group) and the control group with conventional injection method. Before surgery, the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was used to measure the patients' anxiety. After local anesthetic was administered, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to measure the pain. The amount of anesthetic used was divided by the surface area of the lesion was recorded. Results: Seventeen were assigned to the conventional group and 16 to the I-JECT group. The mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale was 1.75 in the I-JECT group and 3.82 in conventional group. The injection pain was lower in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). The mean Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was 11.00 in the I-JECT group and 9.65 in conventional group. Patient's anxiety did not correlate to injection pain regardless of the method of injection (p= 0.47). The amount of local anesthetic used per 1 cm² of tumor surface area was 0.74 mL/cm² in the I-JECT group and 2.31 mL/cm² in the conventional group. The normalization amount of local anesthetic was less in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of complications. Conclusion: The use of a digital automatic anesthetic injector has shown to reduce pain and the amount of local anesthetics without complication.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.159-171
• /
• 1996

Nowadays, multimedia and Hypermedia become hot topics in information industry. Due to high capacity of media storage and fast communication network, it is possible to exchange text data as well as image, moving picture and voice. Especially to apply hypermedia under CALS standard environment, the relation between international standard and CALS standard needs to be considered. This study introduces conceptual background and processing model of HyTime (Hypermedia Time-based Structuring Language) which is a specification of hypermedia exchange, Hyper ODA (Hyper Open Document Architecture) which is a major multimedia communication basis, MMCF (Multimedia Communication Forum), AHM(Amsterdam Hypermedia Model), and DSRM(DAVIC System Reference Model) reference model which helps determination of hypermedia communication specification Although they are international standard, provisional standard or non-standard, it discusses the Possibility of adopting them as CALS standard. Hence, this paper chooses the best recommend for CALS among these models.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.895-905
• /
• 2014

Recently the trade show is a massive marketing effort of a particular industry and introduces new products to potential customers, as well as the ability to elevate the brand's image and corporate identity. It is increasing its importance as a venue of communication. In these changes, the exhibition is required to have the emotional approach to enhance the dynamic and creative image of companies. Therefore, the product itself as well as the importance of various visual contents of the exhibition is increasing positive effect of the image and marketing on their products. In this sense, this study analyzes video contents of the exhibition that was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Europe's largest display show 'ISE (Integrated Systems Europe)' in 2013, focusing on the domestic company, Samsung, LG Electronics and other four foreign companies. The analysis is based on the Herbert Zettl's applied media aesthetics related to the video contents, through which we can find the way to the development of exhibition video contents making for Trade show.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2020

This paper reflects on the structural design of Haut; a 21-storey high-end residential development in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Construction started in 2019 and is in progress at the time of writing. Upon completion in 2021, Haut will be the first residential building in the Netherlands to achieve a 'BREEAM-outstanding' classification. The building will reach a height of 73 m, making it the highest timber structure in the Netherlands. It contains some 14.500 ㎡ of predominantly residential functions. It features a hybrid concrete-timber stability system and concrete-timber floor panels. This paper describes the concepts behind the structural design for Haut and will touch upon the main challenges that have arisen from the specific combination of characteristics of the project. The paper describes the design of the stability system and -floor system, the analysis of differential movements between concrete and timber structures and wind vibrations. The paper aims to show how the design team has met these specific challenges by implementing a holistic design approach and integrating market knowledge at an early stage of the design.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.68.1-68.1
• /
• 2006

• Acta Via Serica
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.49-64
• /
• 2017

During the seventeenth century, Amsterdam experienced unprecedented growth and affluence, and the city developed into the world's staple market playing an indispensable role in Silk Road trade. This era, which coincides with post-reformation Dutch society, also allowed artists to produce art works depicting objects from everyday life, moving away from the earlier religious subject matter. This paper intends to look into seventeenth century Dutch paintings from their social setting, especially focusing on the influence of the Silk Road in the art making process. The paper also looks into the Chinese side of Silk Road interaction and discusses how Chinese porcelain reflects cultural influence from the Dutch. The paper incorporates Silk Road as a methodology to discuss art works departing from earlier practices in art history. This approach allows us to understand art as a product of multi-disciplinary, multi-cultural experience. The methodology invites more discussion on numerous art forms which emerged along the Silk Road trading route to expand and explore the history of East-West cultural exchange.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.395-410
• /
• 2012

For historical and political reasons, South Korea (hereafter Korea), Japan and China have not achieved much progress in regional energy cooperation for decades. However, the rising importance of Northeast Asia (NEA) in the world energy sphere, especially in the global oil market, is providing an opportunity to create an integrated oil market in the region. This study suggests the Northeast Asian Energy Corridor (NEAEC) Initiative as an effective conduit for raising the possibility of the Northeast Asian oil hub project. The NEAEC Initiative combines the model of Europe's Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp (ARA) with Singapore's AsiaClear as a form of financial collaboration. The study suggests that an electronically integrated Over-the-Counter (OTC) market clearing mechanism accompanied by other key financial instruments among Korea, Japan and China can be an effective means for promoting financial collaboration in the region.