• 제목/요약/키워드: Amount of diluent

검색결과 41건 처리시간 0.031초

자전연소합성 반응중 속빈 TiC 섬유의 형성 기구 (Forming Mechanism of TiC Hollow Fibers during Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis)

  • 윤존도;방환철
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.332-337
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    • 2000
  • Forming mechanism of fibrous TiC during self-propagating high temperature synthetic reaction was analyzed and suggested. It was revealed that critical temperature for the stable fiber formation was not the melting point of TiC, but the eutectic reaction temperature of TiC and C. Minimum amount of TiC diluent addition required to form fibers was calculated to be 25.6%, which was consistent with the experimental result. Synthesized fibers were found hollow tube-like. The morphology was explained by the diffusion rates of C and Ti in TiC, and by the molar volume chnage of C during the reaction. Expanding shell model was suggested for the hollow fiber formation mechanism.

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압출-구형화 공정에 의한 구형과립제조의 제형향인자 검토 (제1보) (Effects of Some Factors on the Preparation of Spherical Particles by Extrusion-spheronization Processing. I)

  • 이강춘;민신홍;이상의;김용배;이철우
    • 약학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.236-242
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    • 1974
  • Extrusion-spheronization processing combination was used to produce spherical granules with experimental formulations which contain microcrystalline cellulose as a diluent. The produced granules were compared on the basis of the following physical properties ; (a) bulk density, (e) porosity, (f) friabillity and (g) dissolution rate. With the specific experimental formulations used in this study, the increased plate rotational speeds of Marumerizer (400-1200rpm) produced continually more spherical material and also the obtained data indicated that the particle size distribution and dissolution rate depend upon the amount of microcrystalline cellulose used. As a result, the spherical granule preparation with microcrystalline cellulose has good properties in flow rate, packing propertyu and friability and offers a suitable method of granule preparation in pharmaceutical industry.

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항암(抗癌) 및 면역효과(免疫效果)에 복분자약침(覆盆子藥鍼)이 미치는 영향(影響) (Study on the Anti-cancer, Anti-metastasis and Immune response improvement Effects of Aqua-acupuncture with Rubi Fructus infusion solution)

  • 이선희;이병렬
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.189-219
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    • 2000
  • To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of aqua-acupuncture with Rubi Fructus infusion solution, we used Rubi Fructus infusion solution(taken by water-alcohol method) put into Chung-wan (CV12) and Chok-Samni(ST36) of BALB/c or C57BL/6 which are corresponding to humanbody. We observed the cytotoxicity, the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, the ability to control cancer cell proliferation, change of body weight, surviving number, median surviving time, increase of life span, changes in amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen, number of pulmonary colony, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of lung and liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows : 1. Effects of Anti-cancer 1) The cytotoxicity about B16-F10 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-6}$, $2^{-7}$, $2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 2) The cytotoxicity about HT1080 cell line of $2^0{\sim}2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 3) The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was inhibited significantly in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4) The effect on the control-ability on the cancer cell proliferation showed cytotoxicity significantly in $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-4}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-6}$, $2^{-7}$, diluent groups. 2. Effects of Anti-metastasis 1) S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight increase in all the sample groups, compared with control group. The surviving number increased in almost sample groups, except one group put into Chok-Samni(ST36) with 20% Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment group that showed same number of the control group. 2) S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice showed high MST significantly in almost sample groups, compared with control group. But one group put into Chok-Samni(ST36) with 20% Rubi Fructus infusion solution showed low MST than control group. 3) The group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice showed increased ILS than control group significantly in anti-metastasis test. 3. Effects of Immune response improvement 1) The group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice were increased significantly in the number of leukocyte and glucose, and decreased significantly in the amount of platelet and LDH, compared with control group. However, there's no significant increase or decrease in number of erythrocyte, total protein and creatinine. 2) We couldn't find any significant relation in spleen weight of the sample group. 3) In pulmonary colony, sample group was decreased significantly, compared with control group. 4) Histological analysis of sample group inhivited compared with that of control group in both of lung and liver. 5) In immune system, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal group. 6) Cytokine gene increased in almost sample groups, except one group treated with $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Rubi Fructus infusion solution on IL-12. 7) In flow cytometry there's no significant relation in number of $CD8^+$ cell, however, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD19^+$ cell and NK cell in sample group had more relation than in control group. Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Rubi Fructus solution has effects of anti-cancer, and-metastasis and immune response improvement.

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육종용약침의 항암작용(抗癌作用) 및 면역효과(免疫效果)에 대(對)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究) (Study on the Anti-cancer, Anti-metastasis and Immune response improvement of Aqua-acupuncture with Cistanches Herba infusion solution)

  • 이은용;이병렬
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.251-286
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    • 2000
  • To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of aqua-acupuncture with Cistanches Herba infusion solution, we used Cistanches Herba infusion solution(taken by water-alcohol method) put into Chung-wan(CV12) and Chok-Samni(S36) of BALB/c or C57BL/6 which are corresponding to human body. We observed the cytotoxicity, the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, the ability to control cancer cell proliferation, change of body weight, surviving number, MST, ILS, changes in amount of WBC, RBC, PLT, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen, number of pulmonary colony, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of lung and liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The cytotoxicity about B16-F10 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-5}$ diluent groups in Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 2. The cytotoxicity about HT1080 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 3. The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was decreased in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4. The effect on the control-ability on the cancer cell proliferation showed cytotooicity significantly in $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-4}$, $2^{-5}$ diluent groups. 5. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight increase in all the sample groups, compared with control group. The surviving number increased in almost sample groups, except one group put into Chok-Samni(S36) with 20% Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment group that showed same number of the control group. 6. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice showed high MST and ILS significantly in almost sample groups, compared with control group. But one group put into Chok-Samni(S36) with 20% Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment group showed low MST and ILS than control group. 7. The sample group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice showed increased ILS compared with control group significantly in anti-metastasis test. 8. The sample group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice were increased significantly in the number of WBC and glucose, and decreased significantly in the amount of LDH, compared with control group. However, there's no significant increase or decrease in number of RBC, PLT, total protein and creatinine. 9. We couldn't find any significant relation in spleen weight of the sample group. 10. In pulmonary colony, sample group was decreased significantly, compared with control group. 11. Histological analysis of sample group inhivited compared with that of control group in both of lung and liver. 12. In immune system, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal group. 13. The effect on cytokine gene expression of all the sample groups were increased than control group. 14. In flow cytometry there's no significant relation in number of $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ cell, however, the number of $CD4^+$ cell and NK cell in sample groups were increased than in control group. Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Cistanches Herba infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

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에폭시 수지의 경화 거동에 미치는 반응성 희석제의 영향 (Effects of Reactive Diluents on the Curing Behavior of Epoxy Resin)

  • 김완영;이대수;김형순;김정기
    • 공업화학
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    • 제5권6호
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    • pp.1030-1035
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    • 1994
  • 에폭시 수지의 성형 가공성을 조절하기 위해 반응성 희석제를 사용했을 때의 경화특성 및 경화 후 유리 전이온도의 변화를 조사하였다. 반응성 희석제로 사용한 Butyl gilcidyl ether(BGE) 및 Phenyl glycidyl ether(PGE)함량의 증가에 따라 경화에 따른 발열량과 경화 후 유리 전이온도는 낮아지는 특성이 관찰되었다. 에폭시 수지는 BGE를 사용한 경우 PGE를 사용한 경우보다 더 낮은 유리 전이온도를 보였으며, 희석제의 첨가에 따른 유리 전이온도 변화는 가교점 사이의 분자량 증가 때문으로 해석하였다. 에폭시 수지의 경화 거동을 자촉매 반응에 대한 속도론식으로 해석한 결과 속도상수 $k_1$, $k_2$는 희석제의 양에 따라 감소하였다.

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초폭굉속도 램 가속기의 정상발진 및 불발과정의 수치적 연구 (Numerical Study of Regular Start and Unstart Process of Superdetonative Speed Ram Accelerator)

  • 문귀원;정인석;최정열
    • 한국연소학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.31-41
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    • 2000
  • A numerical study was conducted to investigate the combustion phenomena of regular start and unstart processes based on ISL#s RAMAC 30 experiments with different diluent amounts in a ram accelerator. The initial projectile launching speed was 1800m/s which corresponded to the superdetonative speed of the stoichiometric $H_2/O_2$ mixture diluted with $5CO_2\;or\;4CO_2$. In this study, it was found that neither shock nor viscous heating was sufficient to ignite the mixture at a low speed of 1800m/s, as was found in the experiments using a steel-covered projectile. However, we could succeed in igniting the mixtures by imposing a minimal amount of additional heat to the combustor section and simulate the regular start and unstart processes found in the experiments with an aluminum-covered projectile. The numerical results matched almost exactly to the experimental results. As a result, it was found that the regular start and unstart processes depended on the strength of gas mixture, development of shock-induced combustion wave stabilized by the first separation bubble, and its size and location.

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D2EHPA를 추출제로 한 사진폐액 함유 은의 처리 및 회수에 대한 기초연구 (Basic Studies on the Treatment and Recovery of Silver Contained in Waste Photographic Fixing Solution Using D2EHPA as an Extractant)

  • 정원주;김동수;이화영
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.288-293
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    • 2006
  • Basic investigations have been carried out for the solvent extraction of silver contained in the waste photographic fixing solution using D2EHPA as an extractant. Extraction experiments were conducted using artificial waste solution which was made by dissolving $AgNO_3$ in distilled water along with actual waste fixing solution. For artificial waste solution, the extraction of silver was found to occur very rapidly at the initial stage of extraction. In addition, more silver was extracted as the volumetric ratio between aqueous phase and organic phase was decreased. The volumetric ratio of organic extractant to diluent was also taken as an influential variable and the extracted amount of silver was observed to decrease with temperature. The characteristics of silver extraction for actual fixing solution was generally similar to that for artificial waste solution. Regarding the kinetic analysis, the extraction of silver contained in the actual solution was observed to follow a first order reaction.

비대칭 스파이로 오르토카보네이트가 포함된 저수축 치아 수복재 (Dental Restorative Composite Resins Containing Asymmetric Spiro Orthocarbonate for the Reduction of Volumetric Shrinkage)

  • 황미선;김창근
    • 폴리머
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.321-327
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    • 2004
  • 2,2 bis 〔4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl〕propane을 기본 단량체, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate를 희석제로 포함하고 있는 고분자계 치아 수복재는 중합 수축률에서의 문제점으로 인하여 사용에 제약을 받아오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 고분자계 치아 수복제의 문제점인 중합 수축률을 감소시키기 위해 중합시 부피 팽창이 기대되는 비대칭 스파이로 오쏘카보네이트를 합성하고, 이를 포함하는 새로운 치아 수복재를 제조하여 이의 특성을 시험하였다. 스파이로 오쏘카보네이트를 포함하는 새로운 치아 수복재의 중합 수축율은 약45% 감소하여 우수한 체적 안정성을 나타내었다. 그러나 새로운 치아 수복재의 중합특성, 기계적 물성 등은 기존 치아 수복재에 비해 다소 저하되었다.

Neutronics study on small power ADS loaded with recycled inert matrix fuel for transuranic elements transmutation using Serpent code

  • Vu, Thanh Mai;Hartanto, Donny;Ha, Pham Nhu Viet
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권7호
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    • pp.2095-2103
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    • 2021
  • A small power ADS design using thorium oxide and diluent matrix reprocessed fuel is proposed for a high transmutation rate, small reactivity swing, and strong safety features. Two fuel matrices (CERCER and CERMET) and different recycled fuel compositions recovered from UO2 spent fuels with 45 GWd/tU and 60 GWd/tU burnup were investigated to determine the suitable fuel for the ADS. It was found that the transmutation of each isotope depends on TRU initial loading amount. After examining the cores, the results show that CERCER fueled ADS has a negative coolant void reactivity (CVR) and a smaller radiotoxicity at discharge compared to that of CERMET core. It implies that CERCER fuel has enhanced safety features and more flavor in terms of radiotoxicity management. To increase fuel utilization and core operation efficiency, a simple assembly shuffling pattern for the CERCER fueled ADS is also proposed. Eigenvalue and burnup calculations were conducted using Serpent 2 with ENDF/B-VII.0 library in both kcode and external source modes, and it indicates that the results of transmutation analyses obtained by kcode only is reliable to discuss the transmutation potential of ADS. Burnup calculation with the fixed-source mode is essential to be used for more practical results of the transmutation by ADS.

인산기를 함유한 Glycidylmethacrylate-Divinylbenzene 공중합체의 제조와 우라늄 흡착특성(제2보) - RGP수지에 대한 우라늄의 흡착평형과 흡착속도 - (Preparation of Glycidylmethacrylate-Divinylbenzene Copolymers Containing Phosphoric Acid Groups and Their Adsorption Characteristics of Uranium(II) - Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of Uranium on RGP Resins -)

  • 허광선;박상욱
    • 공업화학
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    • 제9권5호
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    • pp.689-697
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    • 1998
  • 가교도와 희석제량을 변화시켜 제조한 인산기를 갖는 MR형 양이온 교환수지(RGP)에 대하여 우라늄의 흡착평형, 흡착속도 및 흡착 율속 단계를 고찰하였다. RGP 수지에 대한 우라늄의 흡착 평형은 가교도, 희석제량 및 흡착온도 변화 모두 Freundlich 등온식과 Langmuir 등온식으로 잘 나타났다. RGP수지에 대한 우라늄의 흡착량과 흡착속도는 흡착 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 이때 흡착열은 ${\Delta}H=11kcal/mol$ 이었다. RGP 수지에 대한우라늄의 흡착속도는 가교도의 영향인 경우 RGP-10(50)>RGP-1(50)>RGP-2(50)>RGP-5(50)RGP-0(50)>이며, 희석제량의 영향인 경우 RGP-2(75)>RGP-2(100)>RGP-2(50)>RGP-2(30)>RGP-2(0) 순으로 증가하였다. RGP수지에 대한 우라늄의 확산저항은 분자확산<세공확산<표면확산 순이었으며, 수지내의 우라늄의 확산 율속은 세공 확산보다 표면 확산이 율속이었다.

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