• 에너지공학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2002

경쟁적 전력시장에서는 다수의 시장 참여자들이 전력을 사고팔게 되는 만큼, 시장참여자들과 전력거래소 사이의 전력거래를 효과적으로 정산하기 위한 다양한 기법들이 요구된다. 특히 제약보상금액은 전력거래시에 시장참여자의 입찰 우선순위에도 불구하고 전력거래소가 계통의 제약조건으로 인해 실제 급전계획에서 조정한 전력거래량에 대해서 해당 거래금액을 보상해주기 위한 지불금액으로써, 우리나라의 도매경쟁 전력시장 설계에도 적용되어 있는데, 전력시장에서의 불필요한 분쟁을 방지하기 위해서는 그 계산과 정에 대한 명확한 이해가 요구된다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 제약보상금액을 보다 명확하고 효율적으로 정산하기 위한 계산기법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 각 급전치에 대한 시장참여자의 잉여 이익을 계산하고, 급전치의 변동에 의한 잉여 이익의 변동을 기준으로 제약보상금액을 계산하여 거래금액과 함께 정산한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 1991

The adequacy of anticoagulation with heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass, and precise neutralization with protamine at the conclusion of cardiopulmonary bypass, were important. In sixty children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, ACT and heparin dose-response curve were studied. Total dose of heparin before bypass were 2.80$\pm$0.74 mg/kg and the amount of protamine administered after bypass were 3.0$\pm$1.23 mg/kg. So protamine: heparin ratio was 1.07: l.c After administration of protamine which dose is calculated with heparin dose-response curve, ACTs were returned to normal range[mean 114.8 $\pm$13 second]. The heparin sensitivity and its half-life do not have relationship with age, weight, height, surface area and urine amount during operation. And there are too much individual variations in heparin sensitivity and its half-life. So conventional heparin protocols can overestimate or underestimate the amount of heparin and protamine. Heparin dose-response curve makes it possible to maintain anticoagulation in a safe range during bypass with adequate amount of heparin individually. At the conclusion of bypass, this curve can be used to predict the precise amount of protamine amount of protamine needed for neutralization of the heparin. But heparin dose-response curve to be used clinically, further studies will be needed about relationship between ACT and heparin level in the high range, influence of hemodilution and hypothermia to ACT and discrepancy between true adequate amount of protamine and calculated amount by heparin dose-response curve.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.454-457
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to develop an optimal model, using existing models, that is able to estimate the amount of spatter utilizing artificial neural network in the short circuit transfer mode of gas metal arc (GMA) welding. The amount of spatter generated during welding can become a barometer which represents the process stability of metal transfer in GMA welding, and it depends on some factors which constitute a periodic waveforms of welding current and arc voltage in short circuit GMA welding. So, the 12 factors, which could express the characteristics for the waveforms, and the amount of spatter are used as input and output variables of the neural network, respectively. Two neural network models to estimate the amount of spatter are proposed: A neural network model, where arc extinction is not considered, and a combined neural network model where it is considered. In order to reduce the calculation time it take to produce an output, the input vector and hidden layers for each model are optimized using the correlation coefficients between each factor and the amount of spattcr. The est~mation performance of each optimized model to the amount of spatter IS assessed and compared to the est~mation performance of the model proposed by Kang. Also, through the evaluation for the estimation performance of each optimized model, it is shown that the combined neural network model can almost perfectly predict the amount of spatter.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.306-312
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• 2001

We investigated the effect of physical exercise on the intakes and plasma levels of vitamin C and E in young male adults. The study population were divided into two groups: small-amount exercisers($\leq$ 30min/day, n=29) and moderate-amount exercisers(> 30min/day, n=32) according to their physical exercise habits measured by a questionnaire. Dietary intakes of vitamin C and E of the subjects were estimated by the 24 hour recall method. Plasma lipid profiles, vitamin C, $\alpha$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol levels were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C of plasma between two groups. Plasma vitamin C and $\alpha$-tocopherol levels in moderate-amount exercisers were significantly higher than those in small-amount exercisers, although dietary intakes of vitamin C and vitamin E were not significantly different between two groups. However, plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol level of moderate-amount exercisers did not significantly differ from small-amount exercisers. There was a positive correlation between the amount of exercise and plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol level. These results suggest that moderate amount of exercise over 30 min per day would lead to a healthy life with an activated antioxidant defence system against oxidative stress.(Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 306~312, 2001)

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2018

In this study, we assessed dependency of small hydropower potentials on the two different runoff such as the estimated runoff based on the rainfall amounts and measured runoff. The hydpropower potentials were evaluated using actural power generations taken from Deoksong, Hanseok, and Socheon small hydropower plants over Han and Nakdong river basins, respectively. As a result of comparing the actual power generation amount with the potential amount based on the rainfall amount and the estimated amount based on the observed flow amount by each small hydroelectric power plant, the degree of latent small hydro energy by the observed flow was confirmed to be high. It is confirmed that the potential hydroelectric power generation rate is estimated to be about average 30%Point higher than the actual generation amount as a result of the measured flow rate rather than using the rainfall amount. Based on this, a method for improving the degree of the actual generation amount is proposed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.768-775
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• 2006

The water supply system has been designing by decision process such as calculation of water supply amount, capacity of water tanks and pumps, pipe size. Especially, when we estimate excessively water supply amount, the initial cost and running cost will increase according to enlargement of the water tank and pump capacity, and water quality of ground water tank can become worse. Therefore, calculation of water supply amount is basically most important factor. In order to calculate exactly water supply amount applying domestic real situation, we should set up basic data as well as study calculation methods. This research would consider calculation methods of water supply amount for school building through examine domestic and foreign basic data of water supply amount and characteristics of domestic school, and estimate daily water supply in high school.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2023

Currently, the method of loading items in the warehouse, the worker directly decides the loading location, and the most used method is to load the product at the location closest to the entrance. This can be effective when there is no difference in the required amount for goods, but when there is a difference in the required amount for goods, it is inefficient because items with a small required amount are loaded near the entrance and occupy the corresponding space for a long time. Therefore, in order to minimize the release time of goods, it is essential to select an appropriate location when loading goods. In this study, a method for determining the loading location by predicting the required amount of goods was studied to select the optimal loading location. Deep learning based bidirectional long-term memory networks (Bi-LSTM) was used to predict the required amount for goods. This study compares and analyzes the release time of goods in the conventional method of loading close to the entrance and in the loading method using the required amount for goods using the Bi-LSTM model.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1020-1041
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• 2024

With the development of covert communication technologies, the number of covert communication technologies using blockchain as a carrier is increasing. However, using the transaction amount of digital currency as a carrier for covert communication has problems such as low embedding rate, large consumption of transaction amount, and easy detection. In this paper, firstly, by experimentally analyzing the distribution of bitcoin transaction amounts, we determine the most suitable range of amounts for matrix decomposition. Secondly, we design a novel matrix decomposition method that can successfully decompose a large amount matrix into two small amount matrices and utilize the elements in the small amount matrices for covert communication. Finally, we analyze the feasibility of the novel matrix decomposition method in this scheme in detail from four aspects, and verify it by experimental comparison, which proves that our scheme not only improves the embedding rate and reduces the consumption of transaction amount, but also has a certain degree of resistance to detection.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제10권1호통권19호
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• pp.27-42
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• 1992

This study focused on consumer information search activity and consumer's post-purchase satisfaction. For these purpose, a survey was conducted suing questionaires on 430 homemakers that lived in seoul. Statistics used for data were Frequency Distribution. Percentile, Mean, One-way AAANOVA., Scheffe-test, T-test, Pearson's correlation. Multiple Regression Analysis and Multiple Classification Analysis. The major findings were ; 1) The level of each amount information search was lower than average. And the level of consumer's post-purchase satisfaction was a little higher than average. 2) On amount of "noncommercial-personal" information search, the influencing variables were desire to seek information, education, brand royalty in turn. These three variables explained 7% of dependent variable's variance. 3) On amount of "noncommercial-media" information search, the influencing variables were desire to seek information, amount of internal information, education, occupational status in turn. These variables explained 14% of dependent variable's variance. 4) On amount of "commercial-personal" information search, the influencing variable was desire to seek information, and this variable explained 3.1% of dependent variable'a variance. 5) On amount of "commercial-media" information search, the influencing variables were desire to seek information, education, amount of internal information in turn. These three variables explained 12.1% dependent variable's variance. 6) Resulting from multiple classification analysis, influencing variables on consumer's post-purchase satisfaction were amount of noncommercial-media information search and printed media search, and brand royalty. These three variables explained 9% of dependent variable's variance. Furthermore, througout all the subareas of consumer's satisfaction, the amount of noncommercial-media information search was the most influencing variable.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2010

The effect of catholyte to anolyte amount ratio on the electrodialysis cell performance for HI concentration was investigated. For this purpose, the electrodialysis cell was assembled with Nafion 117 as PEM membrane and activated carbon fiber cloth as electrodes. The initial amount of catholyte was 310 g and that of anolyte varied from 1 to 3 of amount ratio. The calculated electro motive force (EMF) increased with time and the increment enhanced as the amount ratio of catholyte to anolyte decreased. The mole ratios of HI to $H_2O$ (HI molarity) in catholyte were almost the same and exceeded pseudo-azeotropic composition for all amount ratios after 2 h operation. The HI molarity continuously increased with time for 10 h operation. The mole ratio of $I_2$ to HI decreased in catholyte but increased in anolyte. The increment of mole ratio of $I_2$ to HI in anolyte rose as the amount ratio of catholyte to anolyte decreased. In case of 1:1 amount ratio, the cell operation was stopped for the safety at approximately 6 h operation, since the mole ratio of $I_2$ to HI reached solubility limit. The cell voltage of the electrodialysis cell increased with time and the rate of increase was high at low amount ratio. This suggests that the amount ratio of catholyte to anolyte not only crucially influences the cell voltage, but also cell operation condition.