• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2021

The purpose of this study, the purpose of this study is to activate the antibacterial effect on the Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride film by using Octadecyldimethyl (3-triethoxy silylpropyl) ammonium chloride antibacterial agent with Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride polymer, which is inexpensive and has excellent properties such as heat resistance and chemical resistance. The Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride polymer was dissolved in a dimethylacetamide solvent, and film samples were prepared by varying the ratio of Octadecyldimethyl (3-triethoxy silylpropyl) ammonium chloride to study the antibacterial performance. A Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to confirm the elements in the samples. According to the initial decomposition temperature of the Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride film and the Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/Octadecyldimet hyl (3-triethoxy silylpropyl) ammonium chloride(10%) film using a Thermogravimetric analyzer(TA-DTA), it was confirmed that the initial decomposition temperature was lowered due to the influence of Octadecyldimethyl (3-triethoxy silylpropyl) ammonium chloride. In addition, in order to measure the mechanical properties, Universal testing machine was used and the result showed that a strength of Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/Octadecyldimethyl (3-triethoxy silylpropyl) ammonium chloride(10%) was 36.8 MPa. The antimicrobial properties of the Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/Octadecyldimethyl (3-triethoxy silylpropyl) ammonium chloride(10%) film showed 99.9% antimicrobial properties.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.251-254
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• 2007

실온에서 베니어에 ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, 그리고 diammonium phosphate와 같은 암모늄염으로 도포하고, 도포된 베니어의 난연성을 조사하였다. 암모늄염으로 도포된 베니어판은 미처리된 순수 베니어판에 비하여 $CO/CO_2$비를 증가시켰다. 이것은 정도에 따라 독성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다. 암모늄염이 베니어의 난연제로 사용되었을 때, 도포된 암모늄염은 베니어의 난연성을 향상시켰다. 또한 ammonium sulfate와 ammonium chloride로 도포된 베니어는 미처리된 순수 베니어에 비해 양쪽 모두 낮은 총연기방출율과 낮은 총연기량을 나타내었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 알칼리 영역의 소듐바나데이트(NaVO₃) 수용액을 출발물질로 사용하여 침전온도, 염화암모늄 첨가량 및 첨가방법, 수용액의 바나듐 및 수산화나트륨 함량 등이 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전거동에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 수용액 pH가 감소할수록, 염화암모늄 첨가량 그리고 수용액의 바나듐 함량이 증가할수록 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전률이 증가하였다. 본 연구조건에서 90% 이상의 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전률을 얻기 위한 기본 조건은 수용액 바나듐 함량 10,000mg/L, 고체 염화암모늄 첨가량 2당량, 침전온도 상온, 침전시간 2시간 이었다. 암모늄메타바나데이트는 침전속도 증가에 따라 침전물 크기가 감소하였으며, 특히 염화암모늄을 액체로 투입할 때, 침전속도는 가장 느리며 침전물 크기는 가장 크게 나타났다. 염화암모늄을 고체로 첨가하여 1차 침전반응 후, 새로운 반응물을 첨가하여 2차 침전반응을 시킬 때, 고체 염화암모늄을 첨가한 침전반응은 수용액에 존재하는 침전물에 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 염화암모늄 수용액을 첨가하였을 때는 수용액에 존재하는 침전물 표면에 침적되어 그 크기를 증가시켰다. 수용액 온도에 따른 암모늄메타바나데이트 용해도 차이에 의하여, 바나듐 함량 10,000mg/L 수용액에서는 침전온도가 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전에 영향을 미치며, 바나듐 함량 30,000mg/L 이상의 고농도 수용액에서는 침전온도가 침전반응에 영향을 미치지는 못하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.404-410
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• 1998

CHO 세포외 성장 및 생산성을 저해하는 엄포늄 이온의 동시 제거를 위해 PhJlhpsite~Gismondine 합성 zeolite가 alginate, cellulose acetate. dialysis membrane에 고정화된 흡착제가 개발되었다. 고정화 흡착체에 의한 암모늄 이온의 제거 효율 및 비에 따른 세표성장의 증진효과를 비교한 결과 최적의 고정화 흡착제로 membrane type이 선정되었다. 암모늄 이온의 제거 효파를 더욱더 명확하게 하고 고멸도의 세포 배양을 모사하가 위하여 8mM의 ammonium chloride를 첨가하고 membrane type 고정화 흡착제를 투여하여 암모늄 이온의 동시제거 효과를 조사한 결과 최대 세포 농도가 3배 이상 증가하였으며 생존율 역시 증가하였고 40%정도의 tPA 생산성 향상올 보여 주었다­. 이러한 증진 효과는 암모늄 이온의 고농도 시스템일수록 커졌다. 고정화 흡착제의 최적 투며 시기를 조사해본 결과 ammonium chlonde를 첨가하지 않았을 때 membrane type 고 정화 흡착제의 최적 투여 시기는 배양 시작 후 48시간이었고, 8mM의 ammonium chloride를 침가한 경우의 최적 투여 시기는 배양 시작 후 72시간이었다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2021

A series of three bench-scale experiments was performed to investigate the conversion of sodium metal to sodium chloride via reactions with non-metal and metal chlorides. Specifically, batches of molten sodium metal were separately contacted with ammonium chloride and ferrous chloride to form sodium chloride in both cases along with iron in the latter case. Additional ferrous chloride was added to two of the three batches to form low melting point consolidated mixtures of sodium chloride and ferrous chloride, whereas consolidation of a sodium-chloride product was performed in a separate batch. Samples of the products were characterized via X-ray diffraction to identify attendant compounds. The reaction of sodium metal with metered ammonium chloride particulate feeds proceeded without reaction excursions and produced pure colorless sodium chloride. The reaction of sodium metal with ferrous chloride yielded occasional reaction excursions as evidenced by temperature spikes and fuming ferrous chloride, producing a dark salt-metal mixture. This investigation into a method for controlled conversion of sodium metal to sodium chloride is particularly applicable to sodium containing elevated levels of radioactivity-including bond sodium from nuclear fuels-in remote-handled inert-atmosphere environments.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1986

1-(carboxyalkyl) trimethyl ammonium chlorides such as 1-(carboxyundecyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride and 1-(carboxytridecyl) trimethyiammonium chloride were synthesized by the reaction of ${\alpha}-bromoalkanoic$ acid with trimethyl amine hydrochloride. In other hand, (carboxymethyl) alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides such as (carboxymethyl) dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and (carboxymethyl) tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride were synthesized by the reaction of alkyl dimethylamine with sodium chloroacetate. The four kinds of alky carboxy betaine such as 2-(trimethylammonio) dodecanoate, 2-(trimethyl ammonio) tetradecanoate, (dodecyl dimethylammonio) ethanoate and (tetradecyl dimethyl ammonio) ethanoate were prepared from 1-(carboxyalkyl) trimethyl ammonium chlorides or (carboxymethy1) alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides. The surface activities including surface tension, emulsifying power, foaming power, foam stability, deflocculating effect, effectiveness of wettability and solubilizing effect were measured and also critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic. balance(HLB) were evaluated. These carboxy betaines show good surface activities as O/W type emulsifing agent and detergent.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2015

역상 HPLC에 의한 Cetyltrimetyl ammonium chloride(CTM), Stearamidopropyl dimetylamine(SAP), Behentriammonium chloride(BHT), Dihexadeyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DHDDM)의 양이온계면활성제 4종 동시 정량분석 방법을 개발하였다. 분석조건으로 분리관은 Alltech $C_{18}$($250mm{\times}4.6mm$ i.d., $5{\mu}m$)을 사용하였고, 검출기는 ELSD를 사용하였으며, 이동상은 0.2% TFA/Methanol의 기울기 용리에 의해 분석되었다. 이때 검량선의 상관계수($r^2$)는 $130{\sim}1980.5{\mu}g/mL$농도 범위에서 0.997이상 이었고, 검출한계, 정밀성이 우수하였다. 이 방법은 fatty quaternary ammonium salt 4종의 정량분석 가능함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.300-306
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• 1988

The catalytic effect of salts on formation of ${\alpha}$-calcium sulfate hemihydrate under water vapor at atmospheric pressure was studied and the formation of q-calcium sulfate hemilydrate from by-product gypsum of phosphoric acid process was investigated. The order of catalytic effect of salts are as follow: Ammonium chloride>Sodium succinate>Calcium chloride>Sodium tartrate>Magnesium chloride The prismatic crystals was formed when ammonium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride was added, whereas the needle crystals was formed when sodium tartrate was added. Ammonium chlorideis most successful in catalytic effects in formation of ${\alpha}$-calcium sulfate hermihydrate for the by-product gypsum of phosphoric acid process.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.245-250
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• 2000

고습도 또는 결로시 내수성을 지니는 저항형 습도센서를 제조하기 위하여 vinylbenzyl tributyl phosphonium chloride를 포함하는 4원 공중합체를 합성하여 저습도와 고습도 범위에서 측정이 가능한 습도센서용 감습막을 제작하였다. 1,5-dibrompentane과 4차 염화 가교 반응을 통하여 최종 저항형 습도센서를 제작하였다. 감습막은 알루미나 기판에 한 쌍의 금 paste가 인쇄된 전극을 사용하였으며, 감습막은 다양한 비율의 vinylbenzyl tributyl phosphonium chloride, 2-(dimethlamino)ethyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 그리고 [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride 등을 이용하여 제조하였다. 감습막은 micro-syringe를 이용하여 도포하였으며 건조 oven에서 50℃에서 6시간 동안 가교반응을 진행하였다. 습도센서의 임피던스 특성은 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 또는 [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride의 함량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. vinylbenzyl tributyl phosphonium chloride / 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate / 2-ethylhexyl acrylate / [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride의 조성비가 4/4/1/1인 공중합체의 경우 30-90%RH 범위에서 2.64 ㏁ - 3.11 ㏀의 임피던스 특성을 보였으며 우수한 직선성과 낮은 히스테리시스 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.677-685
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine ammonium chloride tolerance of lactating dairy cows, by examining effects of negative dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) induced by ruminal ammonium chloride infusion on performance, serum and urine minerals, serum metabolites and enzymes of lactating dairy cows. Methods: Four primiparous lactating Chinese Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were infused with increasing amounts (0, 150, 300, or 450 g/d) of ammonium chloride in a crossover design. The DCAD of the base diet was 279 mEq/kg dry matter (DM) using the DCAD formula (Na + K - Cl - S)/kg of DM. Ammonium chloride infusion added the equivalent of 0, 128, 330, and 536 mEq/kg DM of Cl in treatments. According to the different dry matter intakes (DMI), the resulting actual DCAD of the four treatments was 279, 151, -51, and -257 mEq/kg DM, respectively. Results: DMI decreased linearly as DCAD decreased. Yields of milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, milk fat, and milk protein decreased linearly as DCAD decreased. Concentrations of milk protein and milk urea nitrogen increased linearly with decreasing DCAD. Concentration of Cl- in serum increased linearly and concentration of PO43- in serum increased quadratically as DCAD decreased. Urine pH decreased linearly and calculated urine volume increased linearly with decreasing DCAD. Linear increases in daily urinary excretion of $Cl^-$, $Ca^{2+}$, $PO_4{^{3-}}$, urea N, and ammonium were observed as DCAD decreased. Activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transferase in serum and urea N concentration in serum increased linearly as DCAD decreased. Conclusion: In conclusion, negative DCAD induced by ruminal ammonium chloride infusion resulted in a metabolic acidosis, had a negative influence on performance, and increased serum enzymes indicating potential liver and kidney damage in lactating dairy cows. Daily ammonium chloride intake by lactating dairy cows should not exceed 300 g, and 150 g/d per cow may be better.