• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.269-273
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• 2002

The amlyolytic enzymes $({\alpha}-amlyase,\;{\beta}-amlyase,\;glucoamlyase)$ and protease activities were studied during Kimchi fermentation. The optimum pH of Kimchi was 4.1 within 2 days at $20^{\circ}C$. The optimum acidity calculated as lactic acid was 0.44% within 2 days at $20^{\circ}C$. On the first day of fermentation, ${\alpha}-amlyase$ activity was reduced from 0.49 unit/mg protein to 0.20 unit/mg protein but increased in the later stage of fermentation. In case of ${\beta}-amlyase,\;glucoamlyase$ and protease showed the highest activity of 505.73, 13.43 and 1.72 unit/mg protein at the 2nd day of fermentation at $20^{\circ}C$. In the sensory evaluation of Kimchi were estimated taste, color, texture and overall acceptability. Overall acceptability of kimchi showed the highest score value on the 2nd day of fermentation, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.776-782
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• 2005

The effects of purification using ${\alpha}-amlyase$ (Termamyl 120L) on physicochemical properties of ${\beta}-glucan$ from oat bran were studied. Four fractions were selected as fraction A ($55^{\circ}C$, 15%, pH 6), fraction B ($45^{\circ}C$, 15%, pH 6), fraction C ($50^{\circ}C$, 0%, pH 7), and fraction D ($50^{\circ}C$, 10%, pH 5) from the result of physiological test, and three consecutive subfractions were obtained by repeated ${\alpha}-amlyase$ treatments on the each fractions. The contents of ${\beta}-glucan$, protein, and ash after purification were in 81.4-88.2%, 4.1-6.3% and 2.6-6.2%, respectively. The apparent viscosities of purified ${\beta}-glucan$ aqueous solutions were similar to those of hydroxy methyl cellulose. Glucose was a major monosaccharide of ${\beta}-glucan$ extracts, and xylose and arabinose were also detected as minor constituents on TLC. The average molecular weight ranged $2.0{\times}10^6-5.1{\times}10^6$ and was decreased after purification. From the result of the differential scanning calorimetry, the melting point ranged $130-140^{\circ}C$ with purification step and thermal transition enthalpy was increased. The ratio of ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)\;to\;{\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}4) $ linkages were 1:2.22-1:2.52, and increased up to 1:5.50 after purification.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 1998

Radish and Chinese cabbage were cultivated under hydrophonic culture to investigate the effect of chromium on germination, cell elongation, ${\alpha}$-amlyase activity, contents of chlorophyll and protein. With increasing concentration of cromium, germination, cell elongation, ${\alpha}$-amlyase activity were decreased in both radish and Chinese cabbage, the rate was higher in radish than in Chinese cabbage. Contents of chlorophyll a and b were also decreased and chlorophyll a was higher than chlorophyll b. As the concentration of chromium was increased inhibited in the order of protein> ${\alpha}$-amylase activity>chlorophyll a>chlorophyll b.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 1997

Attempts were made to improve gelatinization, saccharification and panfrying processes for mass production of Nochi, a kind of traditional Korean rice cake. Gelatinization of waxy rice powder with 20-55% of moisture content were completed within a minute at 120$^{\circ}C$ or above by using the extrusion cooker. Among enzymes tested for liquefaction and saccharification of the gelatinized rice, in place of malt, BAN (0.53%)+${\beta}$-amlyase (4.27%) was the most suitable enzymes for the production of Nochi. Panfrying process of Nochi was drastically shortened by heating Nochi dough for 1 minute in a microwave oven and subsequently panfrying at 150$^{\circ}C$ for 7 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the biological activities of Sorglum bicolor extracts. Organic fractions, including n-Hexane, EtOAc, and n-BuOH fractions were obtained from the methanol extract of Sorglum bicolor M.. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, $SC_{50}$ values of methanol extract and EtOAc fraction were exhibited $0.66{\pm}0.26{\mu}g/mL$ and $1.03{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Contents of total polyphenol and flavonoids in EtOAc fraction, which were much higher than those of other fractions, were 58.12 mg/g and 4.79 mg/g respectively. Also, effects of reducing power was strongly showed in EtOAc fraction. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amlyase inhibition activities were showed the higher effect in D.W. fraction ($2.83{\mu}g/mL$, $36.64{\mu}g/mL$). In MTT assay in the AGS, HT29 and HCT116 cell lines were significantly higher in the n-BuOH fraction than in the other fractions at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of extracts.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2001

Depending on the degree of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, there are inconsistent values in the serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI), hematology, and serology. To determine the correlation between those values and complete pancreatic insufficiency, 10 pancreatectomized dogs as the treated group and 10 sham operation dogs as control group were used. The entire treated group showed significant decrease in serum TLI level from 2.63$\pm$0.20 ng/ml (day 0) to 1.81$\pm$0.43 ng/ml at day 1 after the pancreatectomy (p<0.05) and the decline maintained till the end of the experiment. Blood glucose level gradually increased, but albumin level showed significant decrease (p<0.05) at day 1 and maintained the decline. Three clinical signs were observed such as depression, vomiting, and diarrhea. The entire treated group showed diarrhea throughout the experiment, but depression and vomiting were gradually diminished. The activity of serum alkaline phosphatase in the treated group increased till day 2 then decreased, on the other hand, control group showed continuous increase till day 4, and then decreased. Only experimental group showed the increased alanine aminotransferase activity at day 1. Serum lipase activity in the treated group jumped up at day 1 and then dropped down, which was even lower than the control. Regarding serum amlyase activity gradually decreased. According to these results, the assay of trypsin-like immunoreactivity showed the consistent result, so it suggests that TLI is an useful tool to determine the pancreatic exocrine function and possible diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency compared to the simple assay of plasma amylase and lipase.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-205
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract from red ginseng. Extraction efficacy of acidic polysaccharide from dried red ginseng marc was higher than that before drying. The appropriate conditions for the extraction of acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng marc were particle size under 3.35 mm after drying red ginseng marc, 1∼2 hours of extraction time and 2∼3 extraction times, respectively. The amount of acidic polysaccharide in water extract from red ginseng marc treated with $\alpha$-amylase and cellulase increased about 20∼50%. From the above resuts, we suggest that red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract of red ginseng has higher potencies in the utilization of waste materials.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2009

This study was carried out to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of soybean pastes with the sword beans and general soybean pastes. There was no difference in contents of general component (moisture contents, crude ash, crude fiber, crude fat) among the soybean pastes, but contents of crude protein was higher in J1, J2 compared to the others. Amylase activity was higher in J3, J4 adding the rice, and protease activity was higher in J1, J2 that has higher soybean contents than the others. Reducing sugar contents was higher in J3, J4 that has high amlyase activity with value of 8.53${\pm}$0.45% and 8.36${\pm}$1.05%, and amino-type nitrogen contents was higher in commercial soybean paste K5, K6 than other soybean pastes with value of 668.34${\pm}$4.11 mg% and 642.64${\pm}$2.05 mg% respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.123-127
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• 1969

The studies were conducted to know the relationship between $\beta$-amlyase activities and hardiness for the germinated seedlings of, winter wheat varieties which were classified with eye estimated cold resistance in field as, susceptible, moderate and resistant. These varieties were tested in continued five days from germination in four replicated split plot design. For the measurement of $\beta$-amylase, improved A. K. Balls method (2) was employed. Result obtained will be summarized as follows. 1. Tested varieties showed highly significant differences in $\beta$-amylase activity, while no differences were obtained between dates after germination. 2. Winter hardy varieties, Yukseung ＃3, Chin Kwang and Suwon＃85 showed higher amylase activities than the moderate hardy varieties, Jukdalma, Kangdosinryuk and Norin ＃4, while lower activities were measured in susceptible varieties, Norin ＃6, Kangdo and Norin＃12. 3. With measurement of $\beta$-amylase activity, rurther detail classification to cold resistance is seemed available than eye-estimating in the field condition. 4. In accordance with testing dates, amylase activities were not so clear on 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th days from germination, while clear differences were found on 3rd day from germination. 5. Amylase activity obtained on 3rd day after germination is considered easy and effective method to estimate cold resistance of wheat varieties with a classification standard.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.185-190
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• 1981

1. $\alpha$-amylase from B. circulans F-2 was purified with specific activity 55.0 u/mg. protein (about 23 times of the original specific activity) and the yield of 25.5%, by means of corn starch absorption, salting out with ammonium sulfate (80% saturation), gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-100 and DE-32 column chromatography. 2 The purified enzyme showed two closely migrated protin bands on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, both of which have amylase activity judging from the activity staining of the gel. On SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, however, the purified enzyme showed a single band suggesting that those two bands are the charge isomers of an amlyase having the slightly different charge. 3. Plot of log mobility of two bands versus polyacrylamide gel concentration according to Hedrick and Smith gave the parallel lines indicating them to be charge isomers. 4. To confirm the action pattern of two enzyme protein bands, each band was separated and was eluted from the gel and eluates were incubated with soluble starch. Oligosaccharide pattern produced by each eluate was examined by paper chromatography. The eluates of two bands showed the same action pattern. 5. The maltohexaose was the only hydrolysis product of soluble starch in the early stage of hydrolysis.