• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1139-1143
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• 2007

For the possible application of monitoring or diagnosing heart sounds in an ubiquitous healthcare environment. a small and light electro-stethoscope that can be attached in human body should be exploited. With this aim, this study proposes a new style of electro-stethoscope device that is composed of four hardware modules in wearable style. For this ambulatory heart sound collecting device, the several tests must be performed to check portability and material capability for collecting heart sounds. It turned out to be that the multi-channel electro-stethoscope can detect heart sound signals well even if it is not pinpointed in the accurate stethoscope point on a heart. Consequently, our ambulatory electro-stethoscope hardware system can be applied to monitor or diagnose abnormal heart sounds in the ubiquitous healthcare system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1997

In this paper, we designed a Molter analysis system using the visual programming method It differs from the existing analysis system in that the various signal processing algorithms represented by icons were designed by GUI concept which provide unskilled user with easy and convenient analysis environment. In order to analyze ECG signal. we only select the icon representing an algorithm to be applied by mouse and arrange the selected icons upon the order to be jlrocessed on screen. As a result it provides a convenient usage and flexibility of analysis. Also, we can find the optimal algorithm for the ambulatory ECG analysis by comparing the several results obtained from the various analysis configuration.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.38-46
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• 2011

3D motion analysis system which is currently widely used for walking analysis has limitations due to both necessity of wide space for many cameras for measurement, high cost, and complicated preparation procedure, which results in low accessability in use and application for clinical diagnosis. To resolve this problem, we developed 3-dimensional wireless ambulatory measurement system based on inertial sensor which can be easily applicable for clinical diagnosis for lower extremity deformity and developed system was evaluated by applying for 10 elderly people with diabetes mellitus. Developed system was composed of wireless ambulatory measurement module that consists of inertial measurement unit (IMU) which measures the gait characteristics, microcontroller which collects and precesses the inertial data, bluetooth device which transfers the measured data to PC and Window's application for storing and processing and analyzing received data. This system will utilize not only to measure lower extremity (foot) problem conveniently in clinical medicine but also to analyze 3D motion of human in other areas as sports science, rehabilitation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.865-871
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• 2012

In this study, ambulatory electrocardiogram(ECG) signal and the rhythms of heart beats are visualized in terms of R-R intervals and Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in the environment of an android plaform. With this aim, Graphical User Interface(GUI) is implemented by executing multi-thread Java programming modules including ECG, heart-beats, tachogram and visualization unit. ECG signals are acquired in an android device by receiving the data from ambulatory ECG sensory system. Finite Impulse Response(FIR) filters are implemented to eliminate the baseline wandering noises contained in the ambulatory signals and DC-offset level in R-R interval data. With simulating the normal or stress emotional state of a subject, we can find the fact that HRV can be successfully estimated and visualized in an android smart phone platform.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

Purpose: To determine the extent and rate of prescription drug therapy, especially polypharmacy and the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in Korean elderly ambulatory patients based on an explicit criterion. Methods: Performed a retrospective study of 65 years or older ambulatory patients visiting a university hospital based clinic from January 2002 to April 2004. Study determined the patterns of drug prescription per Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification and the potentially inappropriate medication usage based on explicit Beers criteria. Results: Of the 4,042 elderly patients the mean number of prescription was $2.2{\pm}2.0$, which was similar between genders and all age groups within the elderly. 10.7% of patients were prescribed with more than 5 medications concurrently. The most frequently prescribed medication was the drugs used for treating nervous system diseases (44.3%), followed by alimentary tract/metabolism disorders (27.6%), cardiovascular disease (10.7%), blood/blood forming disorders (4.3%), respiratory disorders (6.5%), and musculoskeletal diseases (3.2%). A total of 511 elderly (13%) was prescribed with medication that met the criteria for=1 potentially inappropriate drugs for the elderly. This proportion was similar between genders and all age groups within the elderly. Among these 511 elderly patients the mean number of potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed was $5.1{\pm}3.3$ drugs. Potentially inappropriately prescribed drugs included amitriptyline (76 cases), diazepam (69 cases), ketorolac (57 cases), short acting nifedipine (44 cases), triazolam (38 cases), and hydroxyzine (38 cases). Conclusion: Potentially inappropriate drug prescribing in Korean ambulatory elderly patients are common. Education programs and interventions aimed at optimizing the prescribing and dispensing of the most appropriate drugs are needed.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

A communications profile is a system that acquires information from communication links to an ambulance or other vehicle moving on a road and compiles a database based on this information. The equipment (six sets of HDTVs, fish-eye camera, satellite antenna with tracking system, and receiving power from the satellite beacon of the N-star) mounted on the roof of the vehicle, image data were obtained at Yokohama Japan. From these data, the polygon of the building was actually produced and has arranged on the map of the Geographical Survey Institute of a 50 m-mesh. The optical study (relationship between visibility rate and elevation angle) were performed on actual data taken by fish-eye lens, and simulated data by 3D-Map with polygons. There was no big difference. This 3D map system then predicts the communication links that will be available at a given location. For line-of-sight communication, optical analysis allows approximation if the frequency is sufficiently high. For non-line-of-sight communication, previously obtained electric power data can be used as reference information for approximation in certain cases when combined with predicted values calculated based on a 3D map. 3D maps are more effective than 2D maps for landing emergency medical helicopters on public roadways in the event of a disaster. Using advanced imaging technologies, we have produced a semi-automatic creation of a high-precision 3D map at Yokohama Yamashita Park and vicinity and assessed its effectiveness on telecommunications and ambulatory merits.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.253-258
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• 2020

This study analyzed, the characteristics of ambulatory care sensitive conditions(ACSCs) in patients visiting emergency departments(EDs) and compared characteristics according to two age groups (adults aged 19-64 years and, elderly people aged ≥65 years). By accessing data from the National Emergency Department Information System(NEDIS) from January 1 to December 31, 2018, we examined the proportions of different ED types and ACSCs, length of stay(LOS) in the ED, LOS hospital, and hospital admission rates. Regarding the types of EDs, we found that the proportion of local emergency medical centers was high(P<0.001). Regarding the rates of different ACSCs, 31.7% of adults were treated for gastroenteritis, a high proportion of the elderly people(48.2%) were diagnosed with and treated for pneumonia(P<0.001). The LOS in the ED was longer in elderly people for all diseases categories, except for congestive heart failure and diabetes(P<0.001). The LOS in the hospital was also significantly longer in elderly people for all ACSCs(P<0.05), and the admission rate was significantly higher in elderly people for all diseases, except for diabetes(P<0.01). Thus, analyzing the ED visits made by patients with ACSCs will need to strengthen the health-care policy to induce treatment centered on outpatient.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.435-446
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare three discharge criteria; 1) discharge criteria of S Hospital determined by nurses, 2) discharge readiness determined by patients, and 3) the Modified Post-Anesthetic Discharge Scoring System (MPADSS). The usefulness of MPADSS as a discharge criteria for the patients'safe return to home after ambulatory surgery was also evaluated. Methods: A total of 370 day surgery cases were investigated. The MPADSS was employed in every 30 min. in parallel with discharge readiness assessment by nurses and patients. The percentage of the patients who were categorized as being ready to discharge were compared according to three discharge criteria. Results: The percentage of patients scored to be as MPADSS > 9 in 30 min, 60 min, 90 min were 96.5%, 99.5%, 100%respectively. Whereas 11.1%, 44.3%, 71.1%of patients rated themselves as being ready to discharge and 2.7%, 23.5%, 54.3% of patients actually discharged by nurses according to discharge criteria of S Hospital. Conclusion: Nurses tend to keep patients longer in the hospital when compared to the patient's own assessment about their readiness to home and to that of MPADSS. Faster discharge in the evening than day time suggests patient discharge can be influenced by nursing factors. This brings out the importance of scoring system to determine the safe discharge. The MPADSS could be a useful tool in evaluating patients for safe discharge.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-79
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• 1992

The code of the International Classification of Disease(ICD) is seriously questioned on its effectiveness in identifing an independent disease entity from similar conditions at general practitioner's offices. This study has attempted to show individual coding variations in ICD for similar ambulatory care conditions. It has been assumed that a following outpatient visit is regarded as the sane kind of visit owing to the same disease if a visit to the different source of care would be mad within an interval of less than two days. The 'D' health insurance association was selected for this analysis. The 'D' association had 153,298 members and made claims of 642,605 outpatient care in 1990. Out of the total outpatient claims, 8.6%(55,102 claims) were counted as the same disease which could meet the above assumption. Percent of conditions classified as the 10 leading causes of frequent visits which were matched accurately to the subsequent ICD diagnostic code found to be 15.8% on the average. The URI was noted for the highest concurrence rate of 20.4%. This proportion was even decreased to 11.6% on the case of chronic disease. Despite the fact that the assumption underlying the definition of the above same disease is rather rough and inappropriate, this study reveals that the code of ICD currently in use has weaknesses in seperating a certain independent disease from similar conditions at the outpatient setting. Thus, efforts need to be elaborated to meet the need of a new system of classification for conditions and diseases encountering at ambulatory care.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.59-79
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of reciprocal inhibition on spatial-temporal gait parameters in spastic hemiplegic patients through GaitRite system. The subjects were consisted 45 patients who had spastic hemiplegia due to stroke. All subjects randomly assigned to 3 group : manual reciprocal inhibition program group(manual group), neuromuscular electrical stimulation group(NMES group) and control group. The manual group received voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle. The NMES group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation on tibialis anterior. The control group was not recieved any therapeutic intervention. Before and after experiments, spatial-temporal gait parameters and functional ambulatory profile was measure in all patients. The data of 30 patients who complete experimental course were statistically analysed. The results of this study were as following : 1. The percentage of change of functional ambulatory profile were markedly increased in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 2. The percentage of change of gait velocity and cadence were markedly increased in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 3. Asymmetry ratio of gait elements were more improved in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 4. There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with functional ambulatory profile, gait velocity, cadence and asymmetry ratios in NMES group(p>.01). 5. There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with unctional ambulatory profile, gait velocity, cadence and asymmetry ratios in control group(p>.01). In conclusion, the present results revealed that reciprocal inhibition which produced by voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle can be improved spatial-temporal gait parameters including functional ambulatory profile in hemiplegic patients. Therefore, reciprocal inhibition is useful to improve functional activities in hemiplegic patient. Further study should be done to analyze the effects of intervention duration of reciprocal inhibition, appropriate muscle contraction, optimal time to apply the reciprocal inhibition in more long period.