• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2015

This is the first study reporting the evaluation of transgenic lines of tomato harboring rice chitinase (RCG3) gene for resistance to two important fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) causing fusarium wilt and Alternaria solani causing early blight (EB). In this study, three transgenic lines TL1, TL2 and TL3 of tomato Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Riogrande genetically engineered with rice chitinase (RCG 3) gene and their R1 progeny was tested for resistance to Fol by root dip method and A. solani by detached leaf assay. All the R0 transgenic lines were highly resistant to these fungal pathogens compared to nontransgenic control plants. The pattern of segregation of three independent transformant for Fol and A. solani was also studied. Mendelian segregation was observed in transgenic lines 2 and 3 while it was not observed in transgenic line 1. It was concluded that introduction of chitinase gene in susceptible cultivar of tomato not only enhanced the resistance but was stably inherited in transgenic lines 2 and 3.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2010

In the course of a searching natural antifungal compounds from plant sources, we found that the methanol extract ($3,000\;{\mu}g/ml$) of Malus domestica fruits had potential of control against rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) and tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Under bioassay-guided purification, we isolated phloretin, a phenolic compound, with in vivo antifungal activity against M. grisea. By 1-day protective application of phloretin ($500\;{\mu}g/ml$), the compound strongly inhibited the disease development of M. grisea and P. infestans on rice and tomato seedlings, respectively. And red pepper anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum coccodes also was moderately suppressed. However, rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani AG1), and barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) were hardly controlled. In addition, the compound showed in vitro antifungal activity against some plant pathogenic fungi including Phytophthora capsici, Alternaria panax, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, R. solani AG4, and M. grisea. This is the first report on the antifungal activity of phloretin against plant pathogenic fungi.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.269-276
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• 1983

전국(全國)에서 수집(收集)한 50개(固) 참깨종자(種子) sample을 blotter법(法)으로 조사(調査)하였던 바 Alternaria sesami는 29개(固) sample에서 최고(最高) 37%, Corynespora cassiicola는 38개(固) sample에서 최고(最高) 76%의 높은 비율(比率)로 검출(檢出)되었다. A. sesami와 C. cauiicola에 각각(各各) 심(甚)하게 이병(罹病)된 종자(種子)는 종자부패(種子腐敗)를 일으켜 전혀 발아(發芽)하지 못하며 일부(一部) 이병(罹病)된 종자(種子)는 발아(發芽)하더라도 곧 유묘감염(幼苗感染)이 되어 유근(柳根)이나 자엽(子葉)의 일부(一部)가 갈변(褐變)하며 고사(枯死)하였다. 종자전염성(種子傳染性) A. sesami와 C. cassiicola에 대(對)한 몇가지 종자소독제(種子消毒劑)의 효과(效果)를 조사(調査)하였던 바 A. sesami의 종자감염(種子感染)에 대(對)하여는 Busan 30의 소독효과(消毒效果)가 높았고 C. cassiicola의 종자감염(種子感染)에 대(對)하여는 Benlate T와 Homai의 소독효과(消毒效果)가 탁월(卓越)하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2006

일미벼는 착색정도가 심할수록 완전미 비율이 낮아지고, 변색미, 사미, 청미, 쇄미의 비율이 높아지며, 착색정도가 심할수록 현미의 진균 오염정도가 높았으며, 진균종류도 다양하였으며, 출수 직전과 출수시 병원균을 접종한 결과 주당 수량은 무처리 대비 큰 차이는 없었으며, A. alternata, A. padwickii, N. oryzae는 출수 직전에, B. oryzae와 C. lunata는 출수시 접종할 경우 발병이 높았다. 출수 직전 병원균 접종시 N. oryzae가 현미의 완전미 형성에 가장 크게 영향을 주었으며, 출수시 병원균 접종시에는 A. alternata가 현미 품질에 가장 크게 영향을 주었으며, 발병정도가 수량에 미치는 영향은 적은 편이나, 병원균 접종량이 많아질수록 발병율은 매우 높아지고 품질도 저하되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.244-247
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• 2010

It's crucial to control Alternaria blight and Anthracnose emerging mostly on ginseng leaves during the rainy season to increase the organic ginseng products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficay of lime-brodeaux spray on the ginseng leaves and evaluate the growth and yield of the ginseng, and the contents of ginsenoside and 70% ethanol extracts from 3-year-old ginseng variety, Cheonpoong. Lime-bordeaux sprayings were conducted in the ratio of 6-6 in June, 8-8 from July to September every 15 days. After June 10, the spraying have no effects on the growth leaf and stem, and there was no significant increase in chlorophyll contents. The ratio of intact leaf and root were distinctly increased because Alternaria blight and Anthracnose were decreased by spraying lime-bordeaux mixture. Root weight per plant and root yield were increased by 15%, and 62% in 3-year old ginseng, respectively, because the ratio of intact leaf and root were higher by using lime-bordeaux mixture. Furthermore, spraying of lime-bordeaux mixture is prone to increase the ratio of rusty root in ginseng. Spraying of lime-bordeaux mixture decreased both of the contents of ginsenoside and 70% ethanol extract by 13.7%, and 15.2% in 3-year-old ginseng, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1982

To determine the optimum light intensity for growth of ginseng plants, change of temperature, moisture content in son, occurrence alternaria blight, defoliation rate, chlorophyll contents, and growth of shoots and roots were investigated under different light intensity such as 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% light transmittance rare(L.T.R.). The results obtained were as follows. 1. Maximum temperature under the shading was increased as the increase of light intensity, whereas soil moisture content decreased 2. As the increase of light intensity, stem and Peduncle length, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents decreased significantly but length and width of the leaf was not significant, while stem diameter, special leaf weight and chlorophyll a/chl. b ratio increased 3. Stem color was shown dark purp!e as the increase of light intensity. 4. Photosynthesis during the day was highest at 9 A.M. and decreased as time passed in all plots. The means of photouynthesis during the day showed in the order of 20%, 10%, 30%, 5% L.T.R., and optimum light intensity for highest photosxthesis was 18.4% L.T.R. by theoritical equation. 5. It was showed a tendency that alternaria leaf blight of ginseng plants was increased as the increase of light intensity. 6. Defoliation rate of ginseng plants was increased as the increase of light intensity, especially all plants were defoliated by late June without shading. 7. Yield percentage of the rear line was increased as the increase of light intensity. Root weight per plant showed in the order of 20%, 10%, 30%, 5% L.T.R., and optimum light intensity for the best yield was 18.5% L.T.R. by theeritical equation.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2008

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), one of the most important food crops, is susceptible to a number of devastating fungal pathogens in addition to bacterial and other pathogens. Producing disease-resistant cultivars has been an effective and useful strategy to combat the attack of pathogens. Potato was transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring chitinase, (ChiC) isolated from Streptomyces griseus strain HUT 6037 and bialaphos resistance (bar) genes in a binary plasmid vector, pEKH1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that the ChiC and bar genes are integrated into the genome of transgenic plants. Different insertion sites of the transgenes (one to six sites for ChiC and three to seven for bar) were indicated by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from the transgenic plants. Expression of the ChiC gene at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and that of the bar gene by herbicide resistance assay. The results obviously confirmed that the ChiC and bar genes are successfully integrated and expressed into the genome, resulting in the production of bialaphos-resistant transgenic plants. Disease-resistance assay of the in vitro and greenhouse-grown transgenic plants demonstrated enhanced resistance against the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani (causal agent of early blight).

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.499-509
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• 2017

Recently, there has been increased attention to the development of new plant cultivars with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. To develop ginseng cultivars with such traits, systematic breeding programs and comprehensive field studies are prerequisites. In this study, we applied a pure-line selection method to identify a ginseng cultivar with enhanced stress resistance. Phenotypic and agronomic characteristics, seed yield, and physiological responses to biotic and abiotic stresses were investigated according to the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). In the newly developed 'Kowon' cultivar, the time of emergence, flowering, and berry maturity were intermediate between those of the controls, 'Yunpoong' and 'Chunpoong'. The stem length of 'Kowon' was intermediate, whereas the root length was shorter and the main root diameter was greater than those of 'Chunpoong'. In local adaptability tests conducted in three regions, the yield of 'Kowon' was $666kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$; 27% and 4% higher than that of 'Chunpoong' and 'Yunpoong'. Diseases such as Alternaria blight, Phytophthora blight, mulberry mealybug, and nematode infestation did not occur in 'Kowon'; and it also exhibited moderate resistance to damping-off and anthracnose. In these cases, yellow spots occurred on aerial parts and the rusty skin of the root, and it exhibited moderate resistance at high temperatures. Our study demonstrates that 'Kowon', which has a high root weight and enhanced biotic/abiotic stress resistance, is a superior cultivar that could increase farmers' income.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.206-210
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• 1997

6월 하순부터 1개월 간격으로 작약의 잎과 줄기에 인위적 고사를 유도하여 지상부 고사가 뿌리의 발달, 수량, 상품성에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 작약의 잎과 줄기를 고사시키는 주 병원균은 점무늬병균, 녹병균, 흰가루병균, 검은무늬병균, 탄저병균, 갈색점무늬병원균이었다. 2. 점무늬병과 흰가루병은 4월 하순에서 5월 중순경에 발병되었고, 녹병은 6월 상 순부터 발생되어 시일이 경과할수록 발생율이 증가하였다. 3. 작약 지상부의 고사는 5월 하순부터 시작되어 8월 하순경에는 50% 이상의 고사율을 보였다. 4. 수량은 정상주에 비해 6월 하순 및 7월 하순 고사가 $31{\sim}35%$ 감수되었고, 8월 하순과 9월 하순 고사가 $7{\sim}12%$의 감수를 보였다. 5. 직경 10mm이상 상품성이 있는 뿌리수는 6월과 7월 고사가 8월이후 고사에 비해 적었고 주성분 Paeoniflorin 함량은 조기에 고사된 작약 뿌리 가 오히려 높았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.12-15
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• 1963

1) 본시험은 1962년과 1963년에 감자 겹둥근 무되병에 대한 살균제 7종을 공시한 효과비교시험이다. 2) 본병을 방제학 위하여 Alternaria solani를 접종한 후 6월 초순부터 1주일간격으로 4회 살포함으로서 방제효과가 우수하였다. 약제살포구는 무살포구에 대하여 유의성이 있었고 특히 Dithane M45, Difolatan, Dithane M22는 효과가 좋았으며 세 약제간에는 유성이 없었다. 그 다음으로 볼드액살포로서도 상당히 효과가 양호하였다.