• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

Transformation behavior and hardness change were studied in five kinds of self-control steels; standard, high V, modified Ni, W, and high C-Ni steels. In the cooling rates of $10-100^{\circ}C/min$, the primary ferrite and bainite were formed, and the amount of the former increased with decreasing cooling rate. The bainite transformation temperature, Bs, was measured as 570, 560, 590, 575, and $565^{\circ}C$ in experimental steels, respectively, which was similar to the calculated temperature. The self-control, that is, the consistency in hardness, was observed, in which the hardness increased with the decrease in Bs. In the case of hot compression testing, the lower temperature deformation led to the enhancement in hardness.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 1998

The effect of the mechanical alloying of elemental Mo and Si powders on the combustion densification behavior of MoSi$_2$ was investigated. The ignition temperature of the combustion reaction of the mechanically alloyed powder was measured to be significantly lower than that of the powder mixture prepared by the low energy ball milling process. The densification of the products after the combustion reaction under compressive pressure from the mechanically alloyed powders, however, was found to be poorer than that of the products from the ball milled powder.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 1998

$De-NO_x$ transition metals(Cu, Co)/ZSM-5 catalyst was made by mechanical alloying method, and their microstructures and repeated usage-properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The conversions ability of NO in the catalyst was measured. A part of ZSM-5 in CO/ZSM-5 composite powders was amorphous and the amorphous phase became less stable with increasing Co content. Conversion ability of NO in 10Cu/ZSM-5 powders decreased from 89% to 12% and that in 10Co/ZSM-5 decreased from 22% to 17% by 7 times conversion tests.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 1999

Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Al-5at.%Ti alloy were investigated through high temperature compression test. Al-5at.%Ti nanocrystalline metal powders, which had finer and more equiaxed shape than those produced at room temperature, were produced by mechanical alloying at low temperature. The powders were successfully consolidated to 99fo of theoretical density by vacuum hot pressing. XRD and TEM analysis revealed that $Al_3Ti$ intermetallic compounds formed inside powders and pure Al region with coarse grains formed between powders, especially at triple junction. Mechanical properties in terms of hardness and strength were improved by grain size refinement, but ductility decreased presumably due to the formation of the weak interfaces between Al pool and powders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2000

Mechanical alloying (MA) is a powder metallurgy processing technique involving cold welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill. This has now become an established commercial technique in producing oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel- and iron-based materials. The technique of MA is also capable of synthesizing non-equilibrium phases such as supersaturated solid solutions, metastable crystalline and quasicrystalline intermetallic phases, nanostructures, and amorphous alloys. In this respect, the capabilities of MA are similar to those of another important non-equilibrium processing technique, viz, rapid quenching of metallic melts. however, the science of MA is being investigated only during the past ten years or so. The technique of mechanochemistry, on the other hand, has had a long history and the materials produced this way have found a number of technological applications, e.g., in areas such as hydrogen storage materials, heaters, gas absorber, fertilizers. catalysts, cosmetics, and waste management. The present talk will concentrate on the basic mechanisms of formation of non-equilibrium phases by the technique of MA and these aspects will be compared with those of rapid quenching of metallic melts. Additionally, the variety of technological applications of mechanically alloyed products will be highlighted.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 1995

Recently Al-Cu-P alloys are used to refine primary Si of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. Because it has inside AlP compound that acts as nucleation site in the melt, Al-Cu-P alloy has good refinement effect in lower holding temperature and after shoter holding times. In this study Al-Cu-P refinement agent was made by mechanical alloying method. When Al-13.5wt%Cu-1.5wt%P was alloyed mechanically for 30hr in Ar atmosphere by high energy ball mill, it had the refinement effect that showed primary Si size of about $30{\mu}m$ in Al-20wt%Si at $760^{\circ}C$, treated for 15min.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.274-279
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• 2003

$Al-SiC_{p}$ composite layer was prepared by plasma thermal spray on aluminum substrate. The homogeneously dispersed composite powder for thermal spray was fabricated by mechanical alloying with ball mill. The friction tests of the composite layers and commercial aluminum alloys for comparison were performed in the temperature range of 20∼$260^{\circ}C$ with the interval of $40^{\circ}C$ with steel counter-face. Friction coefficient was recorded during test sequence, and the microstructure of surface and debris was investigated by optical and scanning electron microscope. Friction coefficients of composite and aluminum alloys at room temperature were similar except pure aluminum. As the temperature increase, friction coefficient was increased rapidly in AC4C, AC2A. But friction coefficient of $Al-SiC_{p}$ composite was not increased so much up to $220^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the reinforcement of $SiC_{p}$ into aluminum matrix increased the stability of friction coefficient as well as wear resistance.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2004

The effects of alloying elements on microstructural features and mechanical properties in 0.55%C medium carbon steels were investigated. The samples were austenitized at 105$0^{\circ}C$ for 30min. followed by quenching in a salt bath in the temperature range of 500 ~ $620^{\circ}C$. The addition of Cr resulted in the decrease of the volume fraction of pro-eutectoid ferrite and interlamellar spacing in pearlite and the increase of strength. However, the addition of B caused the increase of the volume fraction of pro-eutectoid ferrite. Reduction of area and Charpy impact values were influenced by the combined effect of microstructural features, such as the volume fraction of pro-eutectoid ferrite, interlamellar spacing and the thickness of lamellar cementite in pearlite.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.29A no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 1992

Shallow $p^{+}-n,n^{+}-p$ diodes have been fabricated using rapid thermal diffusion by solid diffusion source and rapid thermal alloying with pure Aluminum. Diode area and junction depth are designed about 2.83$[\times}10^{-3}cm^{2}$ and 250nm, respectively. Electrical characteristics of $p^{+}-n$ diode show that the ideality factor is 1.04 and reverse current density is 29.3nA/$cm^{2}$, respectively. On the other hand, those of $n^{+}-p$ diode show that the ideality factor is 1.05 and reverse current density is 85.2pA/$cm^{2}$. The reverse currents are measured at 5V reverse bias after rapid thermal alloying for all the measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 2014

Lightweight materials such as aluminum and magnesium have recently received much attention in the automotive industries because of environmental and fuel-efficiency concerns. Using the powder metallurgy (PM) process for these materials creates significant opportunities for the cost-effective manufacture of lightweight automotive parts. In the present study, an Al-Cu-Mg alloy was fabricated using conventional PM processes. Primarily, the effects of the alloying elements on the sintering characteristics and mechanical behavior after heat treatment were investigated. A microstructural analysis was performed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope to investigate the behavior of liquid phase sintering, including the formation of precipitates. The dependence of the mechanical behavior on the alloying elements was evaluated based on the transverse rupture strength.