• Title/Summary/Keyword: Allowance rate

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A Study on the Method and Work Measurement for Productivity Improvement of Clothing Products-With concentration in MTM Analysis- (의류제품의 생산성 향상을 위한 방법 및 작업측정에 관한 연구-MTM법을 중심으로-)

  • 김옥경;이순흥
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.41
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    • pp.185-206
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to improve productivity for maximum effects with the present equipments and staff. This study compared and analyzed the mea-sured time by using stop watch method and MTM, which was the new measuring method. The flow and results of this study were as follows: 1. This study investigated the theoretical background the efficiency for production management, and the way of productivity improvement through documentary research. 2. Setting up the standard flow on the experi-mental company production, making out a process chart and measuring the actual working hour. 3. The study measured the allowance time applying work sampling. 4. Each process of the movement analysis was filmed by video to use basic data. 5. MTM analysis was taken by choosing 10 processes from front bodice according to the basic movement of MTM. Through the results, this study exclude unneccesary movements and suggest a method for working ways. 6. Using the actual working hour measured by a stop watch calculated the pitch time and presumed the amount of daily productivity. 7. The result of the work sampling came out as 38% of allowance rate. It was 13% higher than the standard amount of woman's jacket allowance rate, which was 25%. The most influencing factor was work discussion. That was because there were commuication problem of the work way between the operator and leader. More adequate use of flow table and level passing table was needed. There were the problems that inappropriate places and sizes made the distance of movements longer and often needed more adjustment of works and surroundings. To prevent breakdowns equipments check ups were necessary before works. 8. The results of MTM analysis were as follow : the time was reduced 40% than the actual measured time by a stop watch. This was because the leveling of the operator was included in the real calculation. Also, leveling was included in MTM analysis and all the conditions were standarized. Therefore MTM method was a scientidic measuring way of establishing the standard time. The presented method of this study, suggested an ideal method eliminating unneccesary motions, and presented standardization of works. Improvement of working methods, work condition and simplifying motions in each 10 processes reduced the working time from total 656 seconds to 301 seconds. 9. The way and time of working was linked together in the MTM analysis methods. Thus data from MTM help suggest not only establishing standard time but also establishing stan-dard work. Plus it includes various ability for improvements of working ways. So it is an objective method which can be widely used in other work studies. 10. The function of a time study is to determine the amount of work produced with a given method. The work rate is used to establish the cost of labor. The wage of worker must be calculated per unit time which is deter-mined before the time study is made. This study tried to introduce the incentive rule for deciding wages according to the standard time by MTM method.

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Backgrounding steers on temperate grasses mixed with vetch and/or using energy supplementation

  • de Oliveira Lazzarotto, Eduardo Felipe Colerauz;de Menezes, Luis Fernando Glasenapp;Paris, Wagner;Molinete, Marcos Luis;Schmitz, Gean Rodrigo;Baraviera, Jose Henrique Ignacio;Farenzena, Roberta;de Paula, Adalberto Luiz
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.800-807
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    • 2019
  • Objective: The aim was to evaluate backgrounding beef steers on oat + ryegrass pastures mixed with vetch and/or using energy supplementation. Methods: A randomized block design with three treatments and three replications was used. The treatments were: grass + supplement (oat + ryegrass + supplementation), legume + supplement (oat + ryegrass + vetch + supplementation) and grass + legume (oat + ryegrass + vetch). A continuous grazing system with a variable stocking rate was used. Twenty-seven intact crossbred steers (1/4 Marchigiana, 1/4 Aberdeen Angus and 2/4 Nellore) aged 7 months old and average weight of 190 kg were used. Steers were supplemented at 1% of the body weight of ground corn. The experiment lasted 84 days, between May and August 2014. Behavioral assessments were performed two times per experimental period, for 24 hours. Results: The forage mass was different between treatments, being greater for steers fed without legume. The accumulation rate, forage allowance, and stocking rate did not differ between treatments due to the adequate adjustment of forage allowance. The final weight of animals, as well as the dry matter intake (kg/d), did not differ between treatments. However, forage intake was higher for non-supplemented animals in relation to supplemented steers. Supplement intake did not alter the total digestible nutrient intake due to pasture quality. Animals fed grass + supplement had higher live weight gain per area than those fed grass + legume. Animals without supplementation spent more time in grazing. Conclusion: Feeding behavior was not altered by mixing with vetch or supplementation. Non-supplemented animals started the grazing peak earlier and spent more time in grazing than those supplemented; however, the average daily gain was similar between treatments. The live weight gain per hectare was 47% higher in pastures in which the animals received supplementation compared with those mixed with vetch, a consequence of the substitutive effect.

Automatic NC-Date Generation Method for 5-axis Cutting of Turbine-Blades by Finding Safe Heel-Angles and Adaptive

  • Piao, Cheng-Dao;Lee, Cheol-Soo;Cho, Kyu-Zong;Park, Gwang--Ryeol
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.753-761
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    • 2004
  • In this paper, an efficient method for generating 5-axis cutting data for a turbine blade is presented. The interference elimination of 5-axis cutting currently is very complicated, and it takes up a lot of time. The proposed method can generate an interference-free tool path, within an allowance range. Generating the cutting data just point to the cutting process and using it to obtain NC data by calculating the feed rate, allows us to maintain the proper feed rate of the 5-axis machine. This paper includes the algorithms for: (1) CL data generation by detecting an interference-free heel angle, (2) finding the optimal tool path interval considering the cusp-height, (3) finding the adaptive feed rate values for each cutter path, and (4) the inverse kinematics depending on the structure of the 5-axis machine, for generating the NC data.

Conceptual Design Method and Program Development Study on Compound Gyroplane with Rotor and Wing (자전형 로터를 갖는 복합 자이로플레인 개념설계 기법과 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Young-Jae;Kim, Ji-Min;Vu, Ngoc Anh;Lee, Jae-Woo;Chung, In-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2010
  • A design study has been performed to obtain configuration and weight of a compound gyroplane. A study of research trends and characteristics was performed to develop the compound gyroplane sizing program. Based on these results, the sizing program has been developed and its suitability has been validated using existing compound gyroplane data. The subject air vehicles was a Challis Heliplane UAV, Carter Coptet, FB-1 Gyrodyne, and Jet Gyrodyne. As results, the program was suitable to size a compound gyroplane at conceptual design phase, because the greatest error rate was less than 10% and the conceptual design allowance error rate is less than 15%.

A study on Generation rate Constraints of Power System using Neuro-Fuzzy Controller (뉴로-퍼지 제어기를 이용한 전력시스템의 발전량 증가율 제한에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sang-Hyo;Lee, Chang-Woo;Joo, Seok-Min;Chong, Dong-Il;Chung, Hyung-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2002.07a
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    • pp.301-303
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    • 2002
  • The load frequency control of power system is one of important subjects in view of system operation and control. To converge within allowance load variation value the frequency and tie-line power flow deviation of each areas, we should regulate the active power output of power plant for regulation in system Applying the NFC(Neuro-Fuzzy Controller) to the model of load frequency control of 2-area power system, we prove that the control is superior to the conventional control technique through computer simulation. For verification of robustness, when we consider generator-rate constraint similar to nonlinearities of power system.

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The Rearch Of Method in the Appropriate number of Demand and Supply of OMD (한의사인력(韓醫師人力) 공급(供給)의 적정화방안(適定化方案) 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Jong-Soo
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.299-326
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    • 1998
  • 1. Comparison of demand and supply A. Assumption of estimation of demand and supply we will briefly assumptions used for presumption once more before comparing the result of estimation of demand and supply examined previously 1) supply - The average applying rate for state. examination of graduate: ${\alpha}$=1.03109 - The ratio of successful applicants of state examinations: ${\beta}$=0.97091 - Mortality classified by age : presumed data of the Bureau of statistics - Emigrating rate: 0 % - Time of retire: unconsidered - An army doctor number: unconsidered and regard number of employed oriental medicine doctor. - Standard of 1995 : The number of survival oriental medicine doctor is 8195. the number of employed oriental medicine doctor is 7419. 2) demand - derivated demand method Daily the average amount of medical treatment: according to medical insurance federation data. there is 16 or 6 non allowance patient, we consider amount of medical treatment as 22 persons in practical because 21.94 persons (founded practical examination) are converted to allowance in comming demand. Daily the proper amount of medical treatment: 7 hours form -35 persons 5 hours 30 minutes form -28 persons. Yearly medical treatment days: 229 days. 255 days. 269 days . Increasing rate of visiting hospital days: -1996 year. 1997 year. 1998 year- . Rate of applying insurance: yearly average 71.51% (among the investigated patient) B. Comparison of total sum result 1) supply (provision) Table Ⅳ-1 below shows the estimation of the oriental medicine doctor in the future.

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  • Influence of Food Allowance on Nutrient Utilization of Oat (Avena sativa) Hay by Goats and Feeding Value of Leftovers from High Levels of Offer in Sheep

    • Dutta, N.;Sharma, K.;Hasan, Q.Z.;Pathak, N.N.
      • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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      • v.12 no.5
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      • pp.723-727
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      • 1999
    • Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding levels on intake and nutrient utilization of oat (Avena sativa) hay (OH) by goats and potential feeding value of leftovers from high levels of offer in sheep. In experiment 1, the goats (15) were offered OH at three levels of feeding to give leftovers of about 20% (T-1), 35% (T-2) and 50% (T-3) of DM offered. A marked effect of refusal rate of OH on intake and digestibility of nutrients was evident. Allowing selective consumption at higher levels (T-2 and T-3), the intake of DCP and TDN from OH was found not only to meet the maintenance requirement but provided surplus nutrients for moderate production. In experiment 2, Sheep (3) were offered one of the three dietary treatments viz OH, refusals left uneaten by goats in T-2 and T-3 (OHR) and 3% urea treated oat hay refusals (UTR) in a $3{\times}3$ latin square design. Though the potential feeding value of leftovers (OHR and UTR) was lower than OH, the results confirm the possibility of their effective use. It was concluded that feeding above the conventional ad libitum level could be an alternative to improve the performance of ruminants fed feeds like oat hay. The potential impact of the strategy would, however, depend on the effective reutilization of leftovers for feeding other animals.

    Survey on smoking for college students in some regions (일부 지역 대학생의 흡연에 관한 실태조사)

    • Kim, Dong-Seok;Kang, Soo-Won;Park, Ji-Won
      • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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      • v.14 no.4
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      • pp.1841-1848
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      • 2013
    • This study is designed to figure out the smoking status of college students. The main object of the study is to analyze the details of smoking status, the relationship between their allowance and smoking habit and the effect of their parent's smoking. This research was conducted toward 854 of college student(460 males/394 females) from 22 to 29 October 2012. According to the research, 49.3% of the males and 8.93% of females were smokers and the smoking group was affected by their allowance and home environment(parental smoking habits). Compared with existing related research results, this study shows the continuous increase rate of female smoking. Therefore the publicity and education to college students for smoking prevention and cessation measures are required.

    Factors that Influence Tobacco Use in Middle School Student and The Rate of Future Tobacco use (중학생들의 흡연 경험과 미래의 흡연의도에 영향을 미치는 요인)

    • Hwang, Seong-Ho
      • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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      • v.17 no.11
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      • pp.573-583
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      • 2016
    • This descriptive investigative study was conducted to evaluate middle school students in the city to understand their experience with tobacco use and the factors that affect the intention for tobacco use in the future, as well as to investigate the relevance between student attitudes towards tobacco use and their understanding of the toxicity of its use. A total of 1,044 middle school students located in C city were surveyed from October 13 to November 27, 2015. The results showed significant differences in age, grade, amount of allowance, absence/presence of friends of the opposite sex, and first experience with tobacco use. Moreover, intentions of tobacco use in the future showed significant differences in age, religion, allowance, rate of satisfaction of the school environment, absence/presence of friends of the opposite sex, and academic grade (p<0.05). Based on the above results, it is necessary to implement a consistent anti-smoking education in the home and school starting in elementary school to reduce the rate of tobacco use in middle school students.

    Relationships between the Nutritional Status for Lunch-Box, the Taste of Food and the Environmental Factors of Middle School Girls in Kwangju City (광주시내 여중학생의 도시락 영양실태와 식품 기호 및 환경요인과의 관계)

    • 안순례
      • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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      • v.26 no.3
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      • pp.53-68
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      • 1988
    • This article concerned with the nutritional status and the taste of the lunch box of 311 middle school girls in Kwangju City from May 18 to June 12 in 1987. The purpose of this research was making materials to show direction of the education about nutrition by checking relationships among the nutritional status for the lunch box, the taste of food and the environmental factors. The results observed in the study were as follows: 1. The intake of nutrition from the lunch box and the ratio between the recommended dietary allowance and the contained nutrients in the lunch box as follows. Calorie(603 Kcal, 78.6%), protein (21.7g, 93.1%) Animal protein (10.3g, 132.1%) calcium (151.7 g, 56.9%) Ferrum 93.1 mg, 51.7%), Vitamin a (129.3 RE, 55.4%) Vitamin B1 (0.29 mg, 72.5%), Vitamin B (0.26 mg, 55.3%) Niacin (4.7 mg, 94.0%), Vitamin C 913.2 mg, 79.0%). Except animal protein, all the recommended dietary allowance. 2. According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of taken carbohydrate, protein and fat was 77.7 : 15.5 : 6.8. The intake of protein was desirable but most of calorie depended on carbohydrate. Among the total intake of protein, the ratio of animal protein was 47.5%, which was a high rate. 3. Most of calorie (75%), was taken from staples, protein (41.5%), vitamin B1 (48.3%) were taken at the same rate from staples and side dishes. Most of fat, calcium, ferrum, vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C, was taken from side dishes. 4. In taking among the five basic food groups, proportion of the grain fourth food group was the highest, light color vegetable the third food groups, proportion of the grain fourth food group was the highest, light color vegetable the third food group was second, and Calcium food the second food group was the lowest. 5. As the staples, students liked tchajangmyon, mandu and ttokkuk as written order. They disliked Kongbap and Patpap. As the side dishes for the lunch box, they liked kimchi, ham, sausage, cuttlefish, dried slices of filefish, eggs and green seaweed as written order. As a side dishes they liked Laver, Cucumber, Squid, lettuce, Potatoes. They disliked pork fat, cow's intestines, cow's liver, Crussian carp, pickled fish. The favorite snack was fruits, ice cream, hamburger, Chocolate and milk. 6. In taking condition of the principal food, rice rate (65.6%) was the most, and mixed food was 5 or 10%. 7. Favorite cooking was frying, roasting and kimch. But disagreeable cooking was pickling. 8. Favorite food was what was pungent but disagreeable food was what was salty. 9. the higher parents educational background was, the higher their income was. Also the more various the information about the nutrition was, the better the intake of nutrition was. 10. The preference tendency influenced in choosing the side dish of the Lunch box. The higher the preference tendency of the girl students became, the better their nutrition condition became.

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