• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2000

Chitosan cross-linked collagen-glycosaminoglyan (CCGM) is an artificial skin substitute made to form a sponge like dimensional matrix. It can be used to facilitate reconstruction of dermal tissue when applied on large wounds such as severe burns. In order to study the toxicological effects of CCGM the cytotoxicity, local irritation and skin sensitization test were carried out according to the standards of ISO 10993. In the cytotoxicity test utilizing LDH and MTT test, both the CCGM and its extract had no toxicity of Balb/c 3T3 cells. The local irritatioin test on rabbit skin demonstrated that CCGM did not promote any harmful when directly applied on skin. In addition, it did not elicit any allergic reaction in the guinea pig maximization test. Based on these results, it is suggested that CCGM is a material without cytotoxicity, local irritation and allergenicity.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.296-302
• /
• 2002

In recent years, the safety of sunscreens have been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effects on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. In the toxicological aspect, the need to investigate the safety of sunscreens is steadily increasing. However, there were few studies on the correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens. The objective of this study was to assess whether there was a correlation between SPF and the skin irritation index of sunscreens. Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) was selected, which was the most frequently used (about 92% in korea and about 90% in the world) in sunscreens. In vitro SPF test was performed using the standard samples recommended by KFDA guideline. We examined primary and cumulative skin irritation and eye irritation of OMC standard sample as well as homosalate. As in vitro SPF was increased, skin irritation index was increased in primary skin irritation test ($r^2$=0.986) and cumulative skin irritation test ($r^2$=0.939). In addition, OMC was non-irritating and non-sensitizing. In this results, there was a good correlation between SPF index and skin irritation index.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.140-149
• /
• 1992

Anti-allergic action of each water extracts of some crude drugs was investigated in mice and rats. The activity of hyaluronidase which was used in the screening test of anti-allergic action was inhibited significantly by Amomi Semen, Asiasari Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Scutellariae Radix. The 48-hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(48-hr PCA) in mouse ear was inhibited significantly by intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection of Amomi Semen, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and ketotifen, a comparative drug of an anti-allergic action. The increase of vascular permeability induced by histamine or serotonin was inhibited significantly by i.p. injection of Amomi Semen, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Ramulus and ketotifen. In rat dorsal skin, the increase of vascular permeability which was induced by histamine, serotonin or compound 48/80 was inhibited significantly by i.p. injection of Amomi Semen, Asiasari Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and ketotifen. Armeniacae Semen and Liriopis Tuber which had not inhibited hyaluronidase activity did not inhibit 48-hr PCA and the increase of histamine, serotonin or compound 48/80-induced vascular permeability in mice and rats. These results suggest that each water extract of Amomi Semen and Cimicifugae Rhizoma has anti-allergic action.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2001

The pork meat has been reported as one of the food occurring allergic reactions predominantly to korean. To identify the potential food allergens in pork meat, sera were collected from 25 allergic patients to the pork meat and 10 allergic patients not to pork meat as well as 5 normal subjects after skin prick test and open food challenge test. Crude extracts were prepared by blending raw pork meat in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.0) and the heat treatment on crude extracts was carried to characterize sensibility of the allergens to heat. ELISA was performed to determine specific IgE antibody levels of allergic patients to pork meat, and resulted in twofold higher mean value than that of tolerated patients. Extracted proteins from pork meat was separated with SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting using sera from pork sensitive patients and control subjects, respectively. The IgE binding response to pork meat by immunobots correlated with quantitative specific IgE value of each person. Immunoblots showed four prominent IgE-binding bands (66, 60, 50, 44 kDa) in crude extract, but two bands of those (60, 44 kDa) were heat-labile. These results suggest that most prominent allergens from pork meat are four components(66, 60, 50, 44 kDa) in korean and the heat treatment on allergen is additional parameter to characterize allergen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.138-138
• /
• 2002

In recent years, the safety of sunscreens has been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effect on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. To investigate a correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens, we measured in vitro SPF index using homosalate as a standard and examined the toxicity tests on cosmetics; primary and cumulative skin irritation tests, ocular irritation test, and skin sensitization test.(omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.229-244
• /
• 2014

Background: Antibiotic skin test(AST) is very useful for the diagnosis of drug allergies to prevent immediate allergic reactions. Although it is a safe and widespread method, it is performed very diversely by doctors and nurses without consistency and it also differs from countries and hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the current practice of AST by nurses in Korea and to compare it to the general guidelines. Methods: During January 1, 2013 to May 20, 2013, the study was conducted as questionnaires and case-based survey. The questionnaires were given to the nurses who were randomly selected in various University Hospitals (University Hospitals N=276, and Medical center N=19). The case-based surveys were given to the nurses who were conducting AST at various wards of a University Hospital (N=130). The analysis and evaluations of the responses were carried out. Results: The response rate for the questionnaires was 97.6% and 130 cases of the actual case-based surveys were collected. There were clear differences between the survey results and the general guidelines, such as the method of skin test (skin prick test was not conducted), the method of patient selection for AST, test drugs, concentration, volume and interpretation of AST. AST conducted by nurses was highly variable and inconsistent, even among nurses who worked in the same wards and hospitals. Manufactured standard concentration antibiotic solution of AST showed consistency of concentration to a certain degree. Conclusion: Although the general guidelines have been published by several countries including Korea, these are not a great help to nurses as they lack details for conducting AST, practical consideration for nurses in the clinical setting, propagation and education. Standardized guideline for nurses should be published and it should be a safe, clear, comfortable and easily accessible protocol. Futhermore, additional antibiotic solutions to standardize skin test should be developed and manufactured. Lastly, it would be the pharmacists role to compare their hospitals antibiotic skin test methods with the standard guidelines and develop a protocol within the hospital for patients' safety, and to strive to consistently implement it.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1492-1499
• /
• 2021

Skin prick test is widely used in diagnosing allergic sensitization to common inhalant or food allergens, in which positivities are manually determined by calculating the areas or mean diameters of wheals and erythemas provoked by allergens pricked into patients' skin. In this work, we propose a segmentation algorithm over U-Net, one of the FCN models of deep learning, to help us more objectively grasp the erythema boundaries. The performance of the model is analyzed by comparing the results of automatic segmentation of the test data to U-Net with the results of manual segmentation. As a result, the average Dice coefficient value was 94.93%, the average precision and sensitivity value was 95.19% and 95.24% respectively. We find that the proposed algorithm effectively discriminates the skin's erythema boundaries. We expect this algorithm to play an auxiliary role in skin prick test in real clinical trials in the future.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether herb mixture extract (HME) would affect allergic contact dermatitis induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. For this, the level of blood IgE was identified. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of HME, we tested HMC-1 cells stimulated by PMA+A231867. Methods : In order to evaluate allergic contact dermatitis effects we observed HME on contact-hypersensitive skin of Balb/cmice induced by 0.5% DNCB and measured concentration of IgE in blood of Balb/c mice. In order to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of cytokine expression we used the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : We confirmed deep wounds, erosions, progress of keratinization and drop out of dead skin cells from Balb/c mice induced by 0.5% DNCB. We also observed a remarkable decrease in symptoms of atopic dermatitis in the group that received injection of 200mg/kg HME. In addition, in the measurement outcome for IgE concentration in blood, we confirmed that IgE concentration was increased by treatment with DNCB only, while it was markedly decreased by treatment with HME. We confirmed that cytokine expression decreased through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pERK, pJNK, and pp38 also decreased through western blot test Conclusions : According to the above results, HME has some effect on alleviating symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis and has anti-inflammatory effects.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 1999

Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic eosinophilic inflammatory airway disease associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. Bronchial inflammation in asthma may depend in part on the activation of T helper lymphocytes that elaborate proinflammatory cytokines. T helper (Th) lymphocytes can be divided into two categories; Th1 lymphocytes, which secrete IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$, and Th2 lymphocytes, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10. Th2 lymphocytes appear to induce allergic responses, whereas Th1 lymphocytes induce delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Some infections, such as tuberculosis, cultivate a Th1 immunological environment and inhibit Th2 lymphocytes function. The presence of such infections might inhibit Th2 immune responses and thus protect development of atopic diseases. Method: 15 patients with allergic bronchial asthma, 10 patients with intrinsic bronchial asthma, and 10 healthy volunteers were studied. The serum concentrations of IFN-$\gamma$, IL-12, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were measured by ELISA method and tuberculin skin test was estimated in different groups. Results: The positive response rates of tuberculin test were 46.7% in patients with allergic asthma, 100% in patients with intrinsic asthma and 60% in normal controls. The positive response rates were significantly lower in patients with allergic asthma than those of in patients with intrinsic asthma (p<0.05). Degree of responses to tuberculin test were $12.0{\pm}9.6mm$ in patients with allergic asthma, $18.4{\pm}4.5mm$ in patients with intrinsic asthma and $10.9{\pm}8.8mm$ in normal controls. The degree of responses were significantly reduced in patients with allergic asthma than those of patients with intrinsic asthma (p<0.05). The serum levels of IL-5 in patients with allergic asthma were significantly higher than in patients with intrinsic asthma and normal controls (p<0.05), although it was insignificant. the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in patients with allergic asthma were higher than that of intrinsic asthma and normal controls. The serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ in patients with allergic asthma and intrinsic asthma were significantly lower than those in normal controls(p<0.05). The serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and peripheral blood eosinophile counts in patients with allergic asthma were significantly higher than those in normal controls. Peripheral blood esinophil counts had a significant correlation with the serum levels of total IgE, IL-5 and IL-10 in patients with allergic asthma (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results have showed that Th1 lymphocyte functions were lowered and Th2 lymphocyte functions were elevated in patients with allergic asthma than those in normal controls. Suppression of Th1 lymphocyte functions by activation of Th2 lymphocyte might be one of the important aspects of pathogenesis in allergic bronchial asthma.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.210-219
• /
• 2003

Objectives : This study is to suggest a kind of guide line of dietary therapy in allergic diseases. Methods : We investigated frequency, symptoms and implicating foods of food allergy, and experience, methods, periods, results and necessity of dietary therapy of 49 patients with allergic diseases by using self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed by SPSS／PC+ program using frequency, Chi-square test(p〈0.05) and Pearson correlation coefficient(p〈0.01). Results : 1. The frequency of food allergy was 49% and skin symptoms were the most common. 2. The most implicating foods were chicken, flour, milk, pork and egg in order. 3. 36.7% of patients had experienced dietary therapy and 47.4% of them had stated mild improvement. 4. Over 80% of patients perceived necessity of dietary therapy and there is significant correlation between necessity of dietary therapy and sum of food allergens(r=368). Conclusions : Dietary therapy is recommended as supplementary therapy in allergic diseases and it needs to be established based on the real conditions and Korean Oriental medical theory.