• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.238-242
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• 2021

In this paper, we present an in line plastic-optical-fiber (POF) temperature sensor based on intensity modulation. The in line POF temperature sensor is composed of a POF, including an in-fiber micro hole filled with reversible thermochromic material, the transmittance of which depends on temperature. The reversible thermochromic material was cobalt chloride/polyvinyl butyral gel. A cobalt chloride solution of concentration 30.8 mM was formulated using 10% water/90% ethanol (v/v) solution, and gelled by dissolving polyvinyl butyral in this solution. Four types of in line POF sensors, with in line micro holes of four different diameters, were fabricated to measure temperature in the range of 25 to 75 ℃. The output optical power of all of these in line POF temperature sensors was inversely proportional to the temperature; the relation between output power and temperature was approximately linear, and the sensitivity was proportional to the diameter of the in-fiber micro hole. The experimental results indicate that an in line POF sensor can be used effectively for measuring moderate temperatures.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the operational performances by the investment level of information security in companies. The theoretical background summarized the meaning of information security, management information security, and network security. The research process was carried out in four stages. As a result of the analysis, the level of information security was classified into four groups, and the difference in operational performance was confirmed. According to the categorical regression analysis of the three dependent variables, independent variables such as network threats, non-network threats, executive information security awareness, industry, organizational size, and information security education all affected information security regulations, in-house information security checks, and information security budget investments. The theoretical implications of this study have contributed to updating the latest information security theory. Practical implications are that rational investments should be made on the level of information security of companies.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2001

This paper was intended to grasp an effect of body shaping by wearing girdle using moire topography. In wearing test, four type girdle were used, panty type, long leg type, high waist type, long leg and high waist type. Subjects were ten female college student (18-24 years old), they were selected on the size of the hip girth, waist girth that are within 25~75% in percent on the National Anthropometric survey of Korea in 1997. Three-dimentional characteristic of body shaping was analyzed by the moire topograph. As a result, body shaping effect was confirmed by moire pattern and horizantal section map. In case of the comparison through the moire topography, all the subjects have an effect on body shaping in part of waist girth, abdomen, and hip. Especially backside silhouettes on hip all the ten female subjects showed hip-up effect. Long leg type girdle was smooth side line in the hip and thigh. Further study required for the effect of wearing the girdle on the body shapeability and comfort.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.600-608
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• 2016

This research has analyzed the influence of Goyang Flower Exhibition Festival's service quality on emotion, perceived value, satisfaction, and re-visit intention. First of all, the service quality scale was composed with four factors : subsidiary service, exhibition contents, guidance service, space convenience. As the results of influence analysis, four factors had significant influence on attendee's perceived value and positive emotion respectively. Among those four factors, space convenience and guidance service showed high impact. Toward positive emotion. exhibition contents showed most influence while four factors are significantly related. Three factors of exhibition contents, guidance service, space convenience had significant effect on negative emotion. Also, positive emotion and perceived value was analyzed to have significant influence on re-visit intention.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

The purpose of the paper is to introduce a system that reduces the occurrence of weak-story in the event of earthquake. Weak-story concentrates deformation on the story and causes all member to collapse before the capacity of all member is reached. This paper introduces Strong-Back system (SB) to protect weak story. SB is a hybrid of zipper frame, tied eccentrically braced frame, and elastic truss system and it is divided into elastic and inelastic areas. Elastic areas prevent the generation of weak story by distributing energy, and inelastic areas dissipate energy through buckling or yielding. In this paper, the seismic performance is evaluated by comparing the four type braced frame with SB through push-over analysis. The four criteria are compared from the base shear, the ductility capacity, the column failure order, and the quantity of brace. As a result, SB proved to have sufficient performance to protect the weak-story.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2018

An evaluation system for an electronic-nose concept using three types of metal oxide gas sensors that react similarly to the human olfactory cells was constructed for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of aroma fragrances. Four types of aroma fragrances (lavender, orange, jasmine, and Roman chamomile), which are commonly used in aromatherapy, were evaluated. All the gas sensors reacted remarkably to the aroma fragrances and the good correlation of r=0.58-0.88 with the aromatic odor intensities by olfaction was confirmed. From the results of the analysis of an electronic-nose concept for classifying the characteristics of aroma oil fragrances, aroma oils could be classified using the fragrance characteristics and oil extraction methods with the cumulative variability contribution rate of 95.65% (F1: 69.65%, F2: 26.03%) by principal component analysis. In the pattern recognition based on the artificial neural network, the four aroma fragrances were 100% recognized through the training data of 56 cases (70%) out of 80 cases, and the pattern recognition rate was 57.1%-71.4% through the validation and testing data of 24 cases (30%). The pattern recognition success rate through all confusion matrices was 82.1%, indicating that the classification of aroma oil fragrances using the three types of gas sensors was successful.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 1979

The development of aortic insufficiency radically alters the physical findings which are generally associated with ventricular septal defect that was not hemodynamically significant, and the combination of the two lesions produces a typical clinical picture, that may be serious and life-threatening when it is left untreated. Therefore, the selection of patients, type and timing of surgical treatment is considered to be important. Among 114 cases of ventricular septal defect treated surgically utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 7 cases were associated with aortic insufficiency. 1. Five cases were male, and 2 cases were female. Ages were from 4 years to 24 years, and mean age was 11.9 years. 2. In all cases, ventricular septal defect was closed with Teflon patch. In a case, a aortic valvuloplasty and in another, a aortic valve replacement with Hancock valve 23 mm., 5 months after the closure of ventricular septal defect were done. 3. Four cases were type I ventricular septal defect by Kirklin`s classification, 3 cases were type II ventricular septal defect, and diameters of ventricular septal defect were from 3.5 cm. to 0.7 cm. A PDA. was combined to a type I ventricular septal defect. 4. In 5 cases, herniation of the aortic cusp through the ventricular septal defect and in a case, annulus dilatation on the aortic valve was noted. 5. Two cases with type I ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension expired. A re-opened case with type II ventricular septal defect expired. 6. Four cases were alive, and all of them show decrease of pulse pressure and aortic insufficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.344-350
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) into the Korean language. Methods: The process of translation and adaptation of the ICF used here followed the translation guidelines of WHO. Implementation of this procedure comprised of four steps; forward translation, expert panel back-translation, pre-testing and cognitive interviewing, and final adaptation. The translators included health professionals with knowledge of ICF and non-health professionals blinded to the ICF. Clinical academics with significant experience in the use of disability survey, medical doctors, special educators, related policy makers, clinicians, architecture professionals, and international experts in ICF were invited to integrate all versions of the ICF for testing; 151 clinicians volunteered from 19 medical institutes across the country. Four different core-sets and a questionnaire were used for testing its practical usability and adaptation. Results: All translations were reviewed and a consensus was reached on any discrepancy from the earlier versions. Over 90% of the newly translated version of K-ICF was found to be different from the 2004 K-ICF version in the ICF language. Understanding of K-ICF language was responded difficult and very difficult by 50% of participants, whereas its practical use was responded 'useful' by more than 50% of subjects. Conclusion: It can be suggested that the new version of K-ICF should be widely used for final adaptation in the field of areas. Future studies will be required for implementation of K-ICF.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 1983

Thirty-two patients with a cyanotic cardiac malformations having more complex intracardiac defects than ones in a tetralogy of Fallot underwent complete intracardiac repairs in a-full-year period from July 1981 to June 1982. Twenty-two patients [68.8%] died within 30 days after surgery: Transposition of the great arteries, seven of 10 patients; Double-outlet right ventricle, four of 6 patients; Tricuspid atresia, four of 6 patients; Single ventricle, all of 4 patients; Pulmonary atresia, two of 3 patients; Double-outlet left ventricle, none of 2 patients; and Truncus arteriosus, one of a single patient. All deaths occurred with a low cardiac output syndrome or a failed off-bypass, and they were almost always accompanied with other grave postoperative complications. The complex intracardiac anatomy itself was one of the risk factors by making a complete intracardiac repair of the defects difficult in a small heart. The reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow carried a difficulty in balancing an adequate relief of the obstruction with an avoidance of making too much pulmonary valvular insufficiency as well. On the other hand, the presence of an elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and a high pulmonary vascular resistance was also the factors affecting the postoperative surviv als. The importance of detailed knowledge of intracardiac anatomy and hemodynamics from the careful preoperative evaluation of the patient was discussed along with the necessity of technical refinement of the correction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.666-671
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• 1984

During a fire-year period from March 1979 to February 1984, 559 patients underwent surgical treatment for rheumatic mitral valve disease at Seoul National University Hospital. Left atrial thrombus was found at surgery in 74 of these patients, an incidence of 13.2%. This report outlines the surgical experience with these seventy-four patients. They were 32 men and 42 women, and their age ranged between 23 and 57 with mean of 42 years old. All except one had the findings of atrial fibrillation on the preoperative electrocardiogram. Ten [13.5%] had experienced embolic events before surgery. A history of one or more episodes of cardiac failure requiring digitalis and diuretics was noted in all patients Nineteen were associated with the aortic and/or tricuspid valve disease and closed mitral commissurotomy had been performed previously in four patients. The average cardiac index was 2.68L/min/M2 [1.59 to 3.47 L/min/M2] The mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 57mmHg [26 to 120 mmHg]and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 21.5 mmHg [12 to 40 mmHg]. There were no significant hemodynamic findings to suggest the presence of the left atrial thrombus. Operative mortality was acceptable with two early deaths [2.7%]. The follow-up of the hospital survivors has shown excellent functional status.