• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.812-818
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• 2003

산업용 및 공조용 팬 동력원의 대부분이 농형 유도전동기를 사용하고 있으며 그 구조는 외측 고정자에 의해 내측 회전자가 회전하는 형태이다. 이와는 반대로 내측 고정자에 의해 외측 회전자가 구동되는 외측 회전형 방식의 유도전동기는 적은 전류로 지속적인 큰 토크가 필요한 펀 둥에 적합한 형태라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 외측이 회전함으로써 큰 관성력을 얻을 수 있으므로, 일단 회전하게 되면 큰 토크를 지속적으로 발생시킬 수 있다. 그리고, 일시적인 입력 전압의 변동이나 부하 변동시에도 외측 회전자의 큰 관성력에 힘입어 송풍량을 고르게 해주는 역할을 할 수 있으리라 사료된다. 본 논문에서는 팬 또는 이와 유사한 특성을 가진 부하의 동력원으로 사용할 목적으로, 외측 회전형 유도 전동기의 회전자를 설계, 제작하여 고정자 저항시험, 무부하시험 및 회전자 구속시험을 통해 등가회로 정수를 측정하였다. 그리고, 부하시험을 행하여 얻은 토크-속도, 출력, 역률 및 효율 특성곡선을 분석함으로써 외측회전형 유도전동기 개발과 관련된 기술적인 토대를 마련하고자 한다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.247-264
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• 2013

QR 코드는 저장할 수 있는 정보의 양이 1차원 바코드에 비해 매우 크고, 다양한 종류의 정보를 코드화할 수 있다. 또한 고가의 RFID와 비교해 생성비용이 저렴하며 별도의 장비 없이 스마트폰을 활용하여 인식할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 이러한 장점에도 불구하고, 각종 산업의 판매, 유통, 생산관리, 품질관리 등에 적용되어 온 1차원 바코드나 항만, 물류 등 다양한 산업현장에서 널리 쓰이는 RFID와는 달리, QR 코드는 대부분 일반인 대상의 생활 밀착형 서비스에 머물러 있었다. 현재 광고를 통한 마케팅 영역에서 가장 활발하게 사용되고 있으며 제조, 유통, 물류 분야에서 조금씩 활용 사례가 늘고 있지만 아직은 미약한 수준이어서 체계화된 시스템의 구축이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 QR 코드의 이론적 고찰과 활용사례 분석을 통하여 식자재의 공급사슬관리(SCM)에 QR 코드를 적용하는 방안을 제시하였다. QR 코드를 공급사슬관리에 활용할 경우 데이터의 이동성 확보에 따른 물류 신속성과 정확성을 높일 수 있을 뿐 아니라 물류비용 절감효과 등 효율성 제고에 크게 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1177-1185
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• 2005

This paper investigates the noise radiated by a cascade of flat-plate airfoils interacting with homogeneous, isotropic turbulence. At frequencies above the critical frequency, all wavenumber components of turbulence excite propagating cascade modes, and cascade effects are shown to be relatively weak. In this frequency range, acoustic power was shown to be approximately proportional to the number of blades. Based on this finding at high frequencies, an approximate expression is derived for the power spectrum that is valid above the critical frequency and which is in excellent agreement with the exact expression for the broadband power spectrum. The approximate expression shows explicitly that the acoustic Power above the critical frequency is proportional to the blade number, independent of the solidity, and varies with frequency as ${\phi}_{ww}(\omega/W$), where ${\phi}_{ww}$ is the wavenumber spectrum of the turbulence velocity and W is mean-flow speed. The formulation is used to perform a parametric study on the effects on the power spectrum of the blade number stagger angle, gap-chord ratio and Mach number. The theory is also shown to provide a close fit to the measured spectrum of rotor-stator interaction when the mean square turbulence velocity and length-scale are chosen appropriately.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2013

Recently, the rapid development of the semiconductor industry induces the prompt technical progress in the area of device integration and the application of large diameter wafers for the price competitiveness. As a result of the usage of large wafers in the semiconductor industry, the silicon carbide components which have layers of silicon carbide on graphite or RBSC substrates is getting widely used due to the advantages of SiC such as high hardness and strength, chemical and ionic resistant to all the environments superior than other ceramic materials. For the uniform and homogeneous deposition of silicon carbide on these huge components, it needs to know about the gas flow in the CVD reactor, not only for the delicate adjustment of the process variables but more essentially for the cost reduction for the shape change of specimens and their holders on the stage of reactor. In this research, the CFD simulation is challenged for the prediction of the inner distribution of the gas velocity. Chemical reaction simulation is used to predict the distribution of concentration of the reacting gas with the rotating velocity of the stage. With the increase of the rotating speed, more uniform distribution of the reacting gas on the surface of the stage was obtained.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.172-179
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• 1988

A cartridge type hydraulic logic valve consists of simple two port valve whose poppet is closed or opened by means of pressure signal of a pilot line. Accordingly, the logic valve can be used not only for direction, flow and pressure control purpose but also for versatile function valve which enables all above mentioned functions. In addition, the valve has little internal leakage and pressure loss, superior response characteristics and easiness in making small block type valve. The above mentioned good performances being recognized recently, the logic valve has been used widely in the large scale hydraulic system such as a hydraulic press system, for the performance requirements of high speed operation and precise control characteristics. However, there are scarce reports until now, except for a few ones from Aachen Institute of Technology in West Germany, so it is necessary to be studied on development and investigation for practical application. This paper showed that the static and dynamic characteristics of a logic valve when the logic valve is used for directional control, to investigate the relations between the valve operating characteristics and the valve design conditions. From the above mentioned procedure, it was ascertained that the valve operation characteristics obtained by numerical analysis showed good agreements with experimental results. The representative results obtained are as follows; 1. During the valve is closing, the poppet velocity is almost constant in the logic valve. 2. The pilot pressure P sub(3) and the resistance R in the pilot line have much influences on the valve operation time. 3. Spring strength have not such a severe influence on the valve operating time. 4. The operation characteristics of the logic valve can be estimated with good accuracy comparatively by numerical analysis with the equations describing poppet motion.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2014

본 연구는 바람이 생육기별 사과 '후지' 품종(Malus pumila Miller)의 수체반응에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 시행하였다. 바람처리는 대형선풍기로 풍속을 $3m{\cdot}s^{-1}$와 $5m{\cdot}s^{-1}$로 처리하여 자연상태의 바람과 비교하였다. 사과 '후지'에 바람처리를 하였을 때 바람세기가 강하고 처리시간이 누적될수록 광합성속도가 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 열려있는 기공의 비율과 기공전도도는 광합성속도와 정의상관을 나타내었다. $5m{\cdot}s^{-1}$처리에서는 잎에 불규칙한 형태의 갈변현상이 발생하였고, 파엽 및 낙엽의 피해는 바람세기가 강할수록, 그리고 처리시간이 누적됨에 따라 심화되었다. 수액이동량의 경우 대조구를 제외한 모든 바람처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2001

Polymerization of light-activated restorations results in temperature increase caused by both the exothermic reaction process and the energy absorbed during irradiation. Within composite resin, temperature increases up to 2$0^{\circ}C$ or more during polymerization. But, insulation of hard tissue of tooth lowers this temperature increase in pulp. However, many clinicians are concerned about intrapulpal temperature injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate temperature changes in the pulp according to various restorative materials and bases during curing procedure. Caries and restoration-free mandibular molars extracted within three months were prepared Class I cavity of 3$\times$6mm with high speed handpiece fissure bur. 1mm depth of dentin was evaluated with micrometer in mesial and distal pulp horns. Pulp chambers were filled with 37.0$\pm$0.1$^{\circ}C$ water to CEJ. Chromium-alumina thermocouple was placed in pulp horn below restorative materials for evaluating of temperature changes. This thermocouple was connected to temperature-recording device(Multiplication analyzer MX, 6.000, JAPAN). Temperature changes was evaluated from initial 37.$0^{\circ}C$ after temperature changes to 37.$0^{\circ}C$. Tip of curing unit was placed in the center of prepared cavity separated 1mm from restorative materials. Curing time was 40s. The restorative materials were used with Z 100, Fuji II LC, Compoglass flow and bases were used with Vitrebond, Dycal. Resrorative materials were placed in 2mm. The depth of bases were formed in 1mm and in this upper portion, resin of 2mm depth was placed. This procedure was performed 10 times. The results were as follows. 1. All the groups showed that the temperature in pulp increased as curing time increased 2. The temperature increase of glass ionomer was significantly higher than that of Resin and Compomer during curing procedure (P<0.05). 3. The temperature increase in glass ionomer base was significantly higher than that of Calcium hydroxide base during Resin curing procedure (P<0.05).

• Wind and Structures
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.87-105
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• 2013

Modeling an equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in an empty computational domain has routinely been performed with the k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. However, the research objects of structural wind engineering are bluff bodies, and the SST k-${\omega}$ turbulence model is more widely used in the numerical simulation of flow around bluff bodies than the k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. Therefore, to simulate an equilibrium ABL based on the SST k-${\omega}$ turbulence model, the inlet profiles of the mean wind speed U, turbulence kinetic energy k, and specific dissipation rate ${\omega}$ are proposed, and the source terms for the U, k and ${\omega}$ are derived by satisfying their corresponding transport equations. Based on the proposed inlet profiles, numerical comparative studies with and without considering the source terms are carried out in an empty computational domain, and an actual numerical simulation with a trapezoidal hill is further conducted. It shows that when the source terms are considered, the profiles of U, k and ${\omega}$ are all maintained well along the empty computational domain and the accuracy of the actual numerical simulation is greatly improved. The present study could provide a new methodology for modeling the equilibrium ABL problem and for further CFD simulations with practical value.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

Natural gas is one of the most promising alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuels because of its lower harmful emissions, including $CO_2$, and high thermal efficiency. In particular, natural gas is seen as an alternative fuel for heavy-duty Diesel Engines because of the lower resulting emissions of PM, $CO_2$ and $NO_x$. Almost all CNG vehicles use the PFI-type Engine. However, PFI-type CNG Engines have a lower brake horse power, because of reduced volumetric efficiency and lower burning speed. This is a result of gaseous charge and the time losses increase as compared with the DI-type. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of injection conditions (early injection mode, late injection mode) on the combustion phenomena and performances in the or CNG Engine. A DI Diesel Engine with the same specifications used in a previous study was modified to a DI CNG Engine, and injection pressure was constantly kept at 60bar by a two-stage pressure-reducing type regulator. In this study, excess air ratios were varied from 1.0 to the lean limit, at the load conditions 50% throttle open rate and 1700rpm. The combustion characteristics of the or CNG Engine - such as in-cylinder pressure, indicated thermal efficiency, cycle-by-cycle variation, combustion duration and emissions - were investigated. Through this method, it was possible to verify that the combustion duration, the lean limit and the emissions were improved by control of injection timing and the stratified mixture conditions. And combustion duration is affected by not only excess air ratio, injection timing and position of piston but gas flow condition.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.575-589
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• 2019

The main focus of this study is to numerically investigate the influence of strong earthquake and tsunami-induced wave impact on the response and behavior of a cable-stayed steel bridge with large caisson foundations, by assuming that the earthquake and the tsunami come from the same fault motion. For this purpose, a series of numerical simulations were carried out. First of all, the tsunami-induced flow speed, direction and tsunami height were determined by conducting a two-dimensional (2D) tsunami propagation analysis in a large area, and then these parameters obtained from tsunami propagation analysis were employed in a detailed three-dimensional (3D) fluid analysis to obtain tsunami-induced wave impact force. Furthermore, a fiber model, which is commonly used in the seismic analysis of steel bridge structures, was adopted considering material and geometric nonlinearity. The residual stresses induced by the earthquake were applied into the numerical model during the following finite element analysis as the initial stress state, in which the acquired tsunami forces were input to a whole bridge system. Based on the analytical results, it can be seen that the foundation sliding was not observed although the caisson foundation came floating slightly, and the damage arising during the earthquake did not expand when the tsunami-induced wave impact is applied to the steel bridge. It is concluded that the influence of tsunami-induced wave force is relatively small for such steel bridge with large caisson foundations. Besides, a numerical procedure is proposed for quantitatively estimating the accumulative damage induced by the earthquake and the tsunami in the whole bridge system with large caisson foundations.