• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1995

Background: Exercise is one of the most common precipitants of acute asthma encountered in clinical practice. The development of airflow limitation that occurs several minutes after vigorous exercise, i. g. exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB), has been shown to be closely correlated with the nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which is the hallmark of bronchial asthma. All previous reports that assessed the correlation of EIB to nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness have focused on airway sensitivity($PC_{20}$) to inhaled bronchoconstrictor such as methacholine or histamine. However, maximal airway narrowing(MAN), reflecting the extent to which the airways can narrow, when being exposed to high dose of inhaled stimuli, has not been studied in relation to the degree of EIB. Methods: Fifty-six children with mild asthma(41 boys and 15 girls), aged 6 to 15 years(mean${\pm}$SD, $9.9{\pm}2.5$ years) completed this study. Subjects attended the laboratory on two consecutive days. Each subject performed the high-dose methacholine inhalation test at 4 p.m. on the first day. The dose-response curves were characterized by their position($PC_{20}$) and MAN, which was defined as maximal response plateau(MRP: when two or three data points of the highest concentrations fell within a 5% response range) or the last of the data points(when a plateau could not be measured). On the next day, exercise challenge, free running outdoors for ten minutes, was performed at 9 a.m.. $FEV_1$ was measured at graduated intervals, 3 to 10 minutes apart, until 60 minutes after exercise. Response(the maximal ${\triangle}FEV_1$ from the pre-exercise value) was classified arbitrarily into three groups; no response((-) EIB: ${\triangle}FEV_1$<10%), equivocal response ($({\pm})$EIB:10%<${\triangle}FEV_1$<20%) and definite response($({\pm})$EIB:${\triangle}FEV_1$>20%). Results: 1) When geometric mean $PC_{20}$ of the three groups were compared, $PC_{20}$ of (+) EIB group was significantly lower than that of (-)EIB group. 2) There was a close correlation between $PC_{20}$ and the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=-0.568, p<0.01). 3) Of the total 56 subjects, MRP could be measured in 36 subjects, and the MRP of these subjects correlated fairly with the severity of EIB(r=0.355, p<0.05) 4) The MAN of (+) EIB group was significantly higher than that of (-)EIB group(p<0.01). 5) The MAN correlated well with the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=0.546, p<0.01). Conclusion: The degree of MAN as well as bronchial sensitivity($PC_{20}$) to methacholine is correlated well with the severity of EIB. The results suggest that the two main components of airway hyperresponsiveness may be equally important determinants of exercise reactivity, although the mechanism may be different from each other. The present study also provides further evidence that EIB is a manifestation of the increased airway reactivity characteristic of bronchial asthma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 1993

Background: Recent advancement of molecular genetics has revealed that malignant transformation of a cell may be a complex multistep process and this process is grouped, in general, into two distinct categories, activation of protooncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. This study was focused on the mutation of p53 tumor suppressor gene, because p53 gene mutation is now generally accepted to be one of the most frequent genetic changes in a variety of human cancers. Although lung cancer is one of the common cancers in Korea, the genetic change in the carcinogenesis process is not yet known clearly. To investigate the role of p53 gene mutation in lung cancer, we examined the mutations of exon 4-8 of the p53 gene in humna lung cancer cell lines, because most of the mutations of p53 gene have been reported to develop in exon 4-8. Method: Genomic DNA was obtained by the digestion of proteinase K and the extraction by phenol-chloroform-ethanol method from two human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines, PC-9 and PC-14, and one human small cell lung cancer cell line, H69. To detect the mutations of exon 4-8 of the p53 gene, polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) analysis was performed with the DNA extracted from the cells. Results: The mutation of p53 gene was present in all three cell lines tested. In PC-9, PC-14 and H69, the altered mobility was detected in exon 7, 7 and 5, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that p53 gene mutation plays an important role in certain steps of the carcinogenesis of human non-small cell and small cell lung cancer.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.141-150
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• 2003

In 21 century, Game industry became one field of the cultural content industries. Also, It is one of the most important technologies as a Multimedia, 3-D sound, virtual reality field, and character industry and its scale and effect are getting big. But Korea still lags behind America and Japan in developing game. For that, many support business progressed. However, Special importance〔emphasis〕 is attached to the developing of software engines. In the mean time, The game market of children(under 8) is the biggest one, which form over 30% of all the markets in the PC game market of America. The Children's game, which has both entertaining and educating, is a content-concerned industry. So with a short period of the developing time, they make a high value added. In this paper, 1 study the existing computer games and propose for game contents and the game factor's abstraction suited to the character by kid age. It is concluded that 'Asports', 'Asim,' 'U.J RPG', 'S＋RPG' are beneficial to the child growth on each stage, through serveys analysis of protocol, and research of the cjaracters of the growth on the each age.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.98-106
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• 2010

In this research a food information contents available as well as for PC web and for mobile web users was designed. The web site providing service for PC web and mobile web clients focuses on offering data on individually matching food based on the member's information. The information obtained from the contents can be practically applied by mobile users helping them to take care of their health. This system focuses on wireless internet mobile users and offers various food menus with cooking videos and also information regarding food supplies for individually matching bibimpab recipes. It gives a good information about one of the most traditional Korean food bibimpab which is made of various kinds of vegetables and greens. It also contains nutrition balance information. Designing the web site as a web site available for wired wireless internet accesses makes it available at any place for mobile wireless internet users so that they can obtain all information regarding products and menu which are good for their health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.203-204
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• 2009

The Indium Zinc Tin Oxide (IZTO) thin films for flexible display electrode were deposited on poly carbonate (PC) and polyethersulfone(PES) and glass substrates at room temperature by facing targets sputtering (FTS). Two different kinds of targets were installed on FTS system. One is ITO ($In_2O_3$ 90 wt.%, $SnO_2$ 10 wt.%), the other is IZO ($In_2O_3$ 90 wt.%, ZnO 10 wt.%). As-deposited IZTO thin films were investigated by a UV/VIS spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a Hall Effect measurement system. As a result, we could prepare the IZTO thin films with the resistivity of under $10^{-4}\;[{\Omega}{\cdot}cm]$ and IZTO thin films deposited on glass substrate showed an average transmittance over 80% in visible range (400~800 nm) in all IZTO thin films except in IZTO thin film deposited at $O_2$ gas flow rate of 0.1[sccm].

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.501-511
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• 2023

This paper introduces and analyzes SAE J2716 SENT (Single Edge Nibble Transmission) protocol, a technical standard for serial transmission of digital sensor data in automotive applications. SENT can transmit both high-speed sensor data and low-speed sensor data in one data frame and has a total of 6 transmission modes, including 3 high-speed channel modes and 3 low-speed channel modes. In this paper, a SENT controller that supports all six modes of the SENT protocol was designed in Verilog HDL, implemented in FPGA, and verified with an oscilloscope and PC.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2004

Purpose : To measure the NMR relaxation properties of MnPC, to observe the characteristics of liver enhancement patterns on MR images in experimentally implanted rabbit VX2 tumor model, and to estimate the possibility of tissue specific contrast agent for MnPC in comparison with the hepatobiliary agent. Materials and Methods : Phthalocyanine (PC) was chelated with paramagnetic ions, manganese (Mn). 2.01 g (5.2 mmol) of phthalocyanine was mixed with 0.37 g (1.4 nlmol) of Mn chloride at $310^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours and then purified by chromatography ($CHCl_3:\;CH_3OH=98:2$, volume ratio) to obtain 1.04 g $(46\%)$ of MnPC (molecular weight = 2000 daltons). The T1/T2 relaxivity (R1/R2) for MnPC were determined at a 1.5 T (64 MHz) MR spectrometer. VX2 tumor model was experimentally implanted in the liver parenchyma of rabbits. All MR studies were performed on 1.5 T. The human extremity radio frequency coil of a bird cage type was employed. MR images were acquired at 17 to 24 days after VX2 carcinoma implantation.4 mmol/kg MnPC and 0.01 mmol/kg Mn-DPDP were injected via the ear vein of rabbits. T1-weighted images were obtained with spin-echo (TR/TE=516/14 msec) and fast multiplanar spoiled gradient recalled (TR/TE : 80/4 msec, $60^{\circ}$ flip angle) pulse sequence. Fast spin-echo (TR/TE=1200/85 msec) was used to obtain the T2-weighted images. Results : The value of T1/T2 relaxivity (R1/R2) of MnPC was $7.28\;mM^{-1}S^{-1}$ and $55.56\;mM^{-1}S^{-1}$ respectively at 1.5 T (64 MHz). Because the T2 relaxivity of MnPC that bonded strongly, covalently manganese with phthalocyanine was very high, the signal intensity of liver parenchyma was decreased on postcontrast T2-weighted images and we could easily distinguish the VX2 carcinoma within the liver parenchyma. When MnPC was administrated intravenously, the tumor margin delineation was more remarkable than Mn-DPDP-enhanced images. The enhancement of liver parenchyma with MnPC persisted at relatively high levels over at least one hour after injection of the contrast agents. Conclusion : The hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of MnPC, which are similar to Mn-DPDP, suggest that this agent is a new liver-specific agent. Also, MnPC seems to be used as a dual contrast agent (T1 and T2) with high T2 relaxivity. However, it is warranted that MnPC needs further investigation as a potential contrast agent for MR imaging of the liver. That is, further characterizations of MnPC are needed in vivo and in vitro before clinical trials. The diagnostic potential of MnPC will also have to be examined more in the animal models of additional types.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

Precaution is important in cardiac disease above all things. However, current developed tele-monitoring devices limit their communication distance by 100 m and have disadvantage that the device must be activated by the patients themselves. To overcome these shortcomings, we design and implement a cardiac disease management system by sending abnormal ECG signals automatically to the PC in hospital using mobile networks. Experiments show that ECG signals of the patients are transmitted to the database server in hospital without any distortion. Moreover, the amount of SMS data decreased by more than 30% using base64 method than hexadecimal one.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1191-1194
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• 2004

We describe the development of an interactive aerobic training system using vision-based motion capture and multimedia technology. Unlike the traditional one-way aerobic training on TV, the proposed system allows the virtual trainer to observe and interact with the user in real-time. The system is composed of a web camera connected to a PC watching the user moves. First, the animated character on the screen makes a move, and then instructs the user to follow its movement. The system applies a robust statistical background subtraction method to extract a silhouette of the moving user from the captured video. Subsequently, principal body parts of the extracted silhouette are located using model-based approach. The motion of these body parts is then analyzed and compared with the motion of the animated character. The system provides audio feedback to the user according to the result of the motion comparison. All the animation and video processing run in real-time on a PC-based system with consumer-type camera. This proposed system is a good example of applying vision algorithms and multimedia technology for intelligent interactive home entertainment systems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.4819-4834
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• 2015

The spectral efficiency of cellular networks can be improved when proximate users engage in device-to-device (D2D) communications to communicate directly without going through a base station. However, D2D communications that are not properly designed may generate interference with existing cellular networks. In this paper, we study resource allocation and power control to minimize the probability of an outage and maximize the overall network throughput. We investigate three power control-based schemes: the Partial Co-channel based Overlap Resource Power Control (PC.OVER), Fractional Frequency Reuse based Overlap Resource Power Control (FFR.OVER) and Fractional Frequency Reuse based Adaptive Power Control (FFR.APC) and also compare their performance. In PC.OVER, a certain portion of the total bandwidth is dedicated to the D2D. The FFR.OVER and FFR.APC schemes combine the FFR techniques and the power control mechanism. In FFR, the entire frequency band is partitioned into two parts, including a central and edge sub-bands. Macrocell users (mUEs) transmit using uniform power in the inner and outer regions of the cell, and in all three schemes, the D2D receivers (D2DRs) transmit with low power when more than one D2DRs share a resource block (RB) with the macrocells. For PC.OVER and FFR.OVER, the power of the D2DRs is reduced to its minimum, and for the FFR.APC scheme, the transmission power of the D2DRs is iteratively adjusted to satisfy the signal to interference ratio (SIR) threshold. The three schemes exhibit a significant improvement in the overall system capacity as well as in the probability of a user outage when compared to a conventional scheme.