• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.290-290
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• 2013

플라즈마 전해산화(Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation)란 저 농도의 알칼리 전해액을 매개로, 고전압을 가해 미세 플라즈마 방전을 유도하여 Al, Mg, Ti 등의 금속표면을 산화시켜 고내식성, 초경합금 수준의 내마모성, 탁월한 절연성과 고경도성을 가지는 산화막을 형성시키는 기술로 전자, 자동차, 의료, 섬유, 해양, 석유화학 산업에 이르기까지 광범위한 분야에 적용되어 우수한 물성을 확보할 수 있는 차세대의 표면처리 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 6061 알루미늄 합금을 이용하여 다양한 전해액 조건에서 플라즈마 전해산화 공정으로 Al2O3 산화막을 형성시켰다. 산화막의 조성 및 미세구조는 XRD와 FE-SEM, EDS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 형성된 산화막은 회색에서 밝은 회색으로 시편 전면에 고르게 나타났다. 전해액 조성을 바꾸어줌에 따라 각기 다른 표면 특성을 가지는 산화막을 얻을 수 있었고, 그에 따른 물성 변화를 분석하였다. 특히 Si 이온 농도를 조절함으로써 피막 성장인자와 표면 미세구조를 제어할 수 있었다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2013

This gas analysis data come from the hydrogen which is produced by proton exchange membrane. Main impurities of hydrogen are methane, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The concentration of impurities is ranged between 0.0191 to $315{\mu}mol/mol$ for each impurity. Methane contamination is believed from the electrode reaction between carbon doped electrode and produced hydrogen. Nitrogen contamination should take place the sampling process error, not from PEM hydrogen Production system.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.406-409
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• 2012

Recently, enormous research efforts have been focused on the development of non-precious catalysts to replace Pt for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and to reduce the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In recent years, heteroatom (N, B, and P) doped carbon nanostructures have been received enormous importance as a non-precious electrode materials for oxygen reduction. Doping of foreign atom into carbon is able to modify electronic properties of carbon materials. In this study, nitrogen and boron doped carbon nanostructures were synthesized by using a facile and cost-effective thermal annealing route and prepared nanostructures were used as a non-precious electrocatalysts for the ORR in alkaline electrolyte. The nitrogen doped carbon nanocapsules (NCNCs) exhibited higher activity than that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst, excellent stability and resistance to methanol oxidation. The boron-doped carbon nanostructure (BC) prepared at $900^{\circ}C$ showed higher ORR activity than BCs prepared lower temperature (800, $700^{\circ}C$). The heteroatom doped carbon nanomaterials could be promising candidates as a metal-free catalysts for ORR in the PEMFCs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.298-298
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• 2013

플라즈마 전해산화기술은 알루미늄 소재에 대해 기존의 양극 산화막, 전해 경질크롬 도금 및 플라즈마 세라믹 용사기술 등에 의해 구현할 수 없는 고기능성을 부여하여 월등히 우수한 경도, 내부식, 내마모, 전기절연, 열저항, 피로강도 등을 얻을 수 있는 획기적인 기술이다. 또한 최근 환경에 대한 관심이 점차 높아지면서 친환경적 공정과정과 경금속 소재의 제품에 내구성을 향상시킬 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 요구에 부합하는 플라즈마 전해 산화기술은 알칼리 수용액 중에서 Al, Ti, Mg 등의 표면에 산화 피막을 형성시키는 기술로써 기존의 양극산화(Anodizing)을 대체 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Al6061을 이용하여 플라즈마 전해산화 공정에 사용되는 전해액의 종류 및 농도, 시간의 변화에 따른 산화 피막의 변화를 내전압 측정 및 FE-SEM, EDS, XRD를 통해 분석하였다. 전해액에 sodium hexameta phosphate과 potassium phosphate를 이용하여 phosphate 종류의 변화에 따른 피막 특성의 변화를 연구하였다. 그로인해 phosphate의 종류 및 농도, 시간 변화를 이용하여 플라즈마 전해산화공정의 산화 피막 물성 제어를 할 수 있다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.538-544
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• 2012

The bubbles made of hydrogen and oxygen gases producted by electrolysis disturb the electrolysis, but the behavior of these bubbles in the electrolysis stack isn't clearly defined. In order to study on the behavior of bubbles in the flow pattern of the meshes type separator, the flow visualization experiment was performed by using of a visible alkaline electrolysis stack and a stereoscopic microscope. As the results, a fine size bubbles adhered to the separator's surface in the electrolyte solution have grown large sized bubbles until each bubble's buoyance is lager than the sum of surface adhesion force and weight. And then the large bubbles flow into the upper area of the separator. Also, as wide area of the separator have been occupied by various sized bubbles, the electrolysis efficiency is declined.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2013

The hydrogen or oxygen gas producted by electrolysis become many bubbles in the electrolyte, but exact data on the behavior of these bubbles in the separator of an electrolysis stack didn't become known. In this study, the flow visualization experiment on the behavior of bubbles in the flow pattern of the array type separator is performed by using of a visible alkaline electrolysis stack and a stereoscopic microscope. As the results, a fine size bubbles adhered to the surface of the flow pattern grow to large sized bubbles until each bubble's buoyance is lager than the sum of external force and weight. And then the large bubbles flow into the upper area of the separator. Bubbles adhered to the surface of the vertical flow pattern grow quickly than them adhered to the surface of the horizontal flow pattern. Also, he electrolysis efficiency is declined because many multi-size bubbles occupied the wide volume in the flow pattern.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.1307-1312
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• 2013

In this paper, alkaline or acidic solution, in particular the principle of electrolysis to oxidize the metal surface to form a device isolation film is developed. In the past, mainly in the form of pulse voltage is applied to the anode only a unipolar method, but in this paper by using the H-bridge to the amount of the positive (+) voltage and the negative supply voltage, alternating voltage polarity devices were fabricated according to the characteristics of metal specimens with different electrical conditions to form an oxide film on the device was developed. Supply current variable was used for the PWM modulation, (+) and (-) polarity change of the H-bridge bipolar pulse voltage to supply the was that. As a result, a more uniform pores with unipolar film was formed.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2024

Metal-N-C (MNC) catalysts have been anticipated as promising candidates for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to achieve low-cost polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The structure of the M-N_x moiety enabled a high catalytic activity that was not observed in previously reported transition metal nanoparticle-based catalysts. Despite progress in non-precious metal catalysts, the low density of active sites of MNCs, which resulted in lower single-cell performance than Pt/C, needs to be resolved for practical application. This review focused on the recent studies and methodologies aimed to overcome these limitations and develop an inexpensive catalyst with excellent activity and durability in an alkaline environment. It included the possibility of non-precious metals as active materials for ORR catalysts, starting from Co phthalocyanine as ORR catalyst and the development of methodologies (e.g., metal-coordinated N-containing polymers, metal-organic frameworks) to form active sites, M-N_x moieties. Thereafter, the motivation, procedures, and progress of the latest research on the design of catalyst morphology for improved mass transport ability and active site engineering that allowed the promoted ORR kinetics were discussed.

• Membrane Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2017

Alkaline fuel cells using polymer electrolyte membranes are expected to replace proton exchange membrane fuel cells, which have similar system configurations. In particular, in alkaline fuel cells, a low-cost non-platinium catalyst can be used. In this study, to fabricate high performance and high durability anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cell systems, two kinds of supports, polybenzoxazole and polyethylene supports, were impregnated with Fumion FAA ionomer, by which we tried to fabricate the support-impregnated membrane which has higher mechanical strength and higher ion conductivity than the Fumion series. Finally, the Pore-filling membranes were successfully fabricated and ionic conductivity and mechanical properties were different depending on the properties of the supports. In the pore-filling membranes with Fumion ionomer on the PE support, excellent mechanical properties were obtained, but ionic conductivity decreased. On the other hand, when the PBO support was impregnated with Fumion ionomer, high ionic conductivity was shown after impregnation due to high basicity of PBO, but the mechanical strength was relatively low as compared with Fumion-PE membrane. As a result, it was concluded that it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the support according to the operating conditions of the alkaline fuel cell during the preparation of the pore-filling membranes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.77-77
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• 2017

Titanium and its alloys offer attractive properties in a variety of applications. These are widely used for the field of biomedical implants because of its good biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance. Titanium anodizing is often used in the metal finishing of products, especially those can be used in the medical devices with dense oxide surface. Based on SAE/AMS (Society of Automotive Engineers/Aerospace Material Specification) 2488D, it has the specification for industrial titanium anodizing that have three different types of titanium anodization as following: Type I is used as a coating for elevated temperature forming; Type II is used as an anti-galling coating without additional lubrication or as a pre-treatment for improving adherence of film lubricants; Type III is used as a treatment to produce a spectrum of surface colours on titanium. In this study, we have focused on Type II anodization for the medical (dental and orthopedic) application, the anodized surface was modified with gray color under alkaline electrolyte. The surface characteristics were analyzed with Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), surface roughness, Vickers hardness, three point bending test, biocompatibility, and corrosion (potentiodynamic) test. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy was used for specimen, the anodizing procedure was conducted in alkaline solution (NaOH based, pH>13). Applied voltage was range between 20 V to 40 V until the ampere to be zero. As results, the surface characteristics of anodic oxide layer were analyzed with SEM, the dissecting layer was fabricated with FIB method prior to analyze surface. The surface roughness was measured by arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile (Ra). The Vickers hardness was obtained with Vickers hardness tester, indentation was repeated for 5 times on each sample, and the three point bending property was verified by yield load values. In order to determine the corrosion resistance for the corrosion rate, the potentiodynamic test was performed for each specimen. The biological safety assessment was analyzed by cytotoxic and pyrogen test. Through FIB feature of anodic surfaces, the thickness of oxide layer was 1.1 um. The surface roughness, Vickers hardness, bending yield, and corrosion resistance of the anodized specimen were shown higher value than those of non-treated specimen. Also we could verify that there was no significant issues from cytotoxicity and pyrogen test.