• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 칼슘 함량이 낮은 플라이 애쉬를 이용하여 포틀랜트시멘트를 대신할 수 있는 알칼리활성 플라이 애쉬-시멘트를 제조하는데 있다. 플라이 애쉬의 활성화는 다양한 수산화나트륨 농도와 온도 그리고 liquid/fly ash 혼합비율에서 수행하였다. 좀 더 높은 압축강도를 가진 경화체를 얻기 위하여 규산나트륨을 알칼리 용액에 첨가하였다. 강도발현의 관점에서 볼 때, liquid/fly ash의 혼합비율과 활성화제 농도 그리고 온도는 항상 중요한 인자로 작용하였다. $NaOH(210g)+Na_2SiO_3{\cdot}9H_2O(30g)+H_2O=1L$로 구성된 알칼리 활성용액은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 칼슘 함량이 낮은 플라이 애쉬의 알칼리활성 효과를 가장 높게 나타냈다. 알칼리활성화된 플라이 애쉬는 주로 quartz와 mullite 그리고 무정형의 aluminosilicate로 구성되었음을 SEM과 XRD 분석결과에서 보여주었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

Ischemic stroke can result from blockage of blood vessels, forming fibrin clots in the body and causing irreparable brain damage. Remedial thrombolytic agents or anticoagulants have been studied; however, because the FDA-approved tissue plasminogen activator has low efficacy and side effects, it is necessary to develop safer and more effective treatment candidates. This study aimed at assessing the fibrinolytic and anticoagulation features of a novel serine protease extracted and purified from Diopatra sugokai, a polychaeta that inhabits tidal flats. The purified serine protease was obtained through ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. Its molecular size was identified via SDS-PAGE. To characterize its enzymatic activities, the protease activity at various pH and temperatures, and in the presence of various inhibitors, was measured via azocasein assay. Its fibrinolytic activity and anticoagulant effect were assessed by fibrin zymography, fibrin plate assay, and fibrinogenolytic activity assays. The novel 38 kDa serine protease had strong indirect thrombolytic activity rather than direct activity over broad pH (4-10) and temperature ($37^{\circ}C-70^{\circ}C$) ranges. In addition, the novel serine protease exhibited anticoagulant activity by degrading the ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\gamma}$-chains of fibrinogen. In addition, it did not produce cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Therefore, this newly isolated serine protease is worthy of further investigation as a novel alkaline serine protease for thrombolytic therapy against brain ischemia.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.613-616
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• 2008

최근 결합재로 시멘트를 사용하지 않은 알칼리 활성 콘크리트에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이 알칼리 활성 콘크리트는 시멘트 대신에 실리콘(Si)과 알루미늄(Al)이 풍부한 플라이애시와 고로슬래그등을 사용하여 알칼리 용액으로 활성화시킨 시멘트 ZERO 콘크리트로서 CO$_2$ 가스를 저감하는데 효과적이다. 본 연구에서는 시멘트를 전혀 사용하지 않고 결합재로서 고로슬래그를 100% 사용한 알칼리 활성 콘크리트를 개발할 목적으로 감수제, 알칼리 활성화제 및 양생조건이 모르타르의 시공성 및 압축강도에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하였다. 그 결과, NaOH의 몰 농도가 증가함에 따라 유동성은 저하되나, 9M까지는 유동성 저하가 크지 않고, 대부분의 감수제는 유동성 향상에 기여하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 압축강도는 NaOH의 몰 농도가 증가함에 따라 향상되나, 9M이 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 양생온도 및 양생조건은 고로슬래그 알칼리 활성 모르타르의 강도에는 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2011

Yam extracts (Dioscorea batatas) have been reported to possess a variety of functions. However, studies on its osteogenic properties are limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethanol and water extracts on osteoblast proliferation and bone matrix protein synthesis, type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), using osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell model. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with yam ethanol and water extracts (0~30 mg/L) within 39 days of osteoblast differentiation period. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Bone matrix proteins were assessed by the accumulation of type I collagen and ALP activity by staining the cell layers for matrix staining. Also, the secreted (media) matrix protein concentration (type I collagen) and enzyme activity (ALP) were measured colorimetrically. Yam ethanol and water extracts stimulated cell proliferation within the range of 15~30 mg/L at 15 day treatment. The accumulation of type I collagen in the extracellular matrix, as well as secreted collagen in the media, increased with increasing doses of yam ethanol (3~15 mg/L) and water (3~30 mg/L) extracts. ALP activity was not affected by yam ethanol extracts. Our results demonstrated that yam extracts stimulated osteoblast proliferation and enhanced the accumulation of the collagenous bone matrix protein type I collagen in the extracellular matrix. These results suggest that yam extracts may be a potential activator for bone formation by increasing osteoblast proliferation and increasing bone matrix protein type I collagen. Before confirming the osteogenic action of yam, further studies for clarifying how and whereby yam extracts can stimulate this ostegenesis action are required.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2003

알칼리 자극제의 종류에 따른 고로수쇄슬래그의 수화 및 물리적 특성을 조사하였다 활성화제는 $Na_2$SiO$_3$, $Na_2$CO$_3$, NaOH, $Na_2$SO$_4$를 사용하였고, $Na_2$SiO$_3$, $Na_2$CO$_3$, $Na_2$SO$_4$는 $Na_2$O, NaOH는 $\frac{1}{2}$$Na_2$O로 환산하여 1, 3, 5, 7 wt%를 첨가한 후 W/S=0.5로 실험을 실시하였다. 또한, 압축강도 실험은 OPC에 대해 각각 30 wt% 첨가하여 실험을 하였다. 활성화제의 종류에 따라 주요 수화생성물은 C-S-H, $C_4$AH$_{13}$, AFt, Al(OH)$_3$ 등이었으며, $Na_2$CO$_3$의 경우가 가장 큰 슬래그의 수화율을 보였다. $Na_2$SO$_4$를 사용하였을 때 압축강도가 가장 크게 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.532-540
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• 2021

4-도데카노일옥시벤젠술폰산나트륨(sodium dodecanoyl-4-oxybenzenesulfonate; DOBS) 염은 저온에서도 효과적인 표백력과 살균력을 나타내는 물질이다. 본 연구에서는 물(W)-극성 비양자성 용매 계를 사용하는 알칼리 조건하에서 dodecanoyl chloride와 sodium 4-hydroxybenzene sulfonate로부터 DOBS의 온화하고 효율적인 합성방법을 조사하였다. 먼저 물만을 용매로 사용하고 온도 또는 시간을 변화시키며 반응한 결과, 수율은 30 ℃와 1 h 이상의 반응 조건에서 대부분 약 5% 정도로 낮게 나타났다. 효율적인 용매 계를 발견하기 위하여 극성 비양자성 용매의 종류를 변화시키며 물과 혼합하여 제조한 다양한 용매계에서 수율에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 수율은 아세톤(acetone; AC)과 물을 혼합한 용매 계에서 가장 우수하였으며, 온화한 반응조건(30 ℃, 1 h 및 상압)의 반응에서 약 82%의 높은 값을 나타냈다. 제조한 DOBS는 높은 표백력 및 살균력을 보여 표백활성화제로서 활용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2008

두 개의 amylase를 호알칼리성 Pseudomonas sp. KFCC 10818의 배양액으로부터 정제하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 정제된 효소의 분자량은 각각 50 kDa과 75 kDa이었다. 이 효소들의 최적반응온도는 각각 $35^{\circ}C$와 $40^{\circ}C$였으며 50 kDa의 효소는 칼슘이온에 의하여 효소활성이 두 배로 촉진되었다. 이 두 효소는 최적 pH가 6-8 부근이었으며 pH 12의 조건에서도 효소활성을 유지하는 알칼리내성을 나타냈다. Maltooligosaccharide이나 soluble starch로부터 maltose와 maltotriose를 최종 효소반응산물로 생산하였다. 두 amylase는 N-말단 아미노산 서열이 각각 QTVPKTTFV와 DTVPGNAFQ로 분석되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2014

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass which is caused by disturbance in the balance between the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the most common disorders in women after menopause, which is linked to an estrogen deficiency and characterized by an excessive loss of trabecular bone. Rubus coreanus has been used for their various pharmacological properties in Asia as a traditional medicine. To investigate the effect of unripe fruits of R. coreanus 30% ethanol extract (RCE) on osteoblast-like cells (MG63) differentiation, we examined the effects of RCE on in vitro osteoblastic differentiation markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and receptor activator of nuclear factor ${\kappa}$-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. The high concentration (50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$) of RCE markedly increased ALP activity, whereas decreased the RANKL/OPG. We also investigated the effect of RCE on M-CSF plus RANKL-induced differentiation of pre-osteoclast cells (RAW 264.7). RCE treatment remarkably inhibited M-CSF/RANKL-induced formation of osteoclast-like multinuclear cells from RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of RCE was reduced by selective estrogen receptor-${\alpha}$ antagonist. Our research suggests that suggested that unripe fruits of R. coreanus may act beneficial effects on bone mass by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Geopolymer materials are attractive as inorganic binders due to their superior mechanical and eco-friendly properties. In the current study, geopolymer-based cement was prepared using aluminosilicate minerals from fly-ash with KOH as an alkaline-activator and $Na_2SiO_3$ as liquid glass. Then, calcium carbonate powder from a clam shell was mixed with the geopolymer and the mixture was coated on a concrete surface to provide points of attachment for environmental organisms to grow on the geopolymers. We investigated the effect of the shell powder grain size on the microstructure and bonding property of the geopolymers. A homogeneous geopolymer layer coated well on the concrete surface via aluminosilicate bonding, but the adhesiveness of the shell powder on the geopolymer cement was dependent on the grain size of the shell powder. Superior adhesive characteristics were shown in the shell powder of large grain size due to the deep penetration into the geopolymer by their large weight. This kind of coating can be applied to the adhesiveness of eco-materials on the surface of seaside or riverside blocks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1063-1066
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• 2016

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) has been used as a traditional oriental medicine and possesses a number of physiological activities. In this study, we used cell-based herbal extract screening to identify longan fruit extract (LFE) as an activator of osteoblast differentiation. LFE up-regulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, induced mineralization, and activated Runx2 gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with LFE promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2); however, abrogation of Erk1/2 activation with PD98059 resulted in down-regulation of the phospho-SMAD1/5/8 and Runx2 levels, which in turn reduced the ALP activity. Our findings suggest that LFE exerts its osteogenic activity through activation of the ERK signaling pathway and may have potential as an herbal therapeutic or a preventive agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.