• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.257-263
• /
• 2017

The following thesis researched into the characteristics of electrolytic ion water with different levels of electrical conductivity by adding NaCl into tap water which is for experimental use in multi-layered electrolytic ion water generator. Electrolytic ion water is generated by underwater electrolysis and the electrolysis generator has a simple structure, is easy to control and is highly utilized in industries. Electrolytic ion water is useful in many areas since it has a superior sterilizing power, has no possibility of secondary pollution itself as water and removes active oxygen. In the experiment, we used tap water with NaCl excluded and water with three different levels of electrical conductivity by changing NaCl concentration levels into three levels. The features of current and voltage in electrolytic ion water represented a form of quadric instead of the linear characteristic following ohm's law. As well, as the electric conductivity of water and applied voltage increased, we were able to generate much stronger acid water and alkali water.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.303-308
• /
• 2010

Pseudo-first-order rate constants ($k_{obsd}$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate (5a), 4-nitrophenyl 4-methoxybenzoate (5b), and 4-nitrophenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (5c) with alkali metal ethoxides, $EtO^-M^+$ ($M^+=Li^+$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$) in anhydrous ethanol (EtOH) at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The plots of $k_{obsd}$ vs. [$EtO^-M^+$] exhibit upward curvatures in all cases, indicating that $M^+$ ions catalyze the reactions and ionpaired $EtO^-M^+$ species are more reactive than dissociated $EtO^-$. Second-order rate constants for reactions with dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired $EtO^-M^+$ (i.e., $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtO^-M^+}$, respectively) have been calculated from ion-pair treatment for the reactions of 5a and 5b. However, such ion-pair treatment has failed to determine $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtO^-M^+}$ values for the reactions of 5c. It has been concluded that reactions of 5a and 5b are catalyzed by one metal ion, which increases electrophilicity of the reaction center through coordination on the carbonyl oxygen. In contrast, reactions of 5c have been suggested to involve two metal ions, i.e., the one coordinated on the carbonyl oxygen increases the electrophilicity of the reaction center while the other one associated on the phenoxy oxygen decreases the charge repulsion between the anionic reagents (i.e., $EtO^-$ and deprotonated 5c). It has been found that the rate equation derived from the mechanism involving two metal ions fits nicely to the kinetic results obtained for the reactions of 5c.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.371-378
• /
• 1995

트리아자크라운 화합물, 1,7-dioxa-4,10,13-triazacyclopentadecane trihydrobromide $salt(Na_3O_2-3HBr)$를 합성하였다. 그리고 이 화합물을 Merrifield peptide resin에 결합시켜 새로운 이온교환체를 만들었다. 이 새로운 이온교환체의 이온교환용량은 3.2 meq/g이었다. 그리고 이 이온교환체에 대한 알칼리 및 알칼리 토금속 이온들의 분포계수를, 여러 농도의 염산 용액 중에서 측정하였다. 또한 여러 염산 농도하에서의 알칼리 및 알칼리 토금속 이온들의 이온교환작용을 논의하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.453-456
• /
• 2010

The structural and energetic preferences of thiacalix[4]biscrown-5 with and without alkali metal ions ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Rb^+$, and $Cs^+$) have been theoretically investigated for the first time using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and density functional theory (MPWB1K/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)) methods. The formation of the metal ion complex by the host is mainly driven by the electrostatic attraction between crown-5 oxygens and a cation together with the minor contribution of the cation-$\pi$ interaction between two facing phenyl rings around the cation. The computed binding energies and the atomic charge distribution analysis for the metal binding complexes indicate the selectivity toward a potassium ion. The theoretical results herein explain the experimentally observed extractability order by this host towards various alkali metal ions. The physical nature and the driving forces for cation recognition by this host are discussed in detail.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.321-329
• /
• 2016

포틀랜드 시멘트, 고로슬래그 미분말, 플라이애시를 활용한 3성분계 혼합시멘트는 해양 콘크리트 구조물의 염해내구성 확보 등의 이유로 사용이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 보통포틀랜드 시멘트, 고로슬래그 미분말, 플라이애시를 4:4:2로 혼합한 3성분계 시멘트에 알칼리 설페이트계 활성화제(Modified Alkali Sulfate type)를 1.5~2.0% 사용할 때, NT Build 492에 의한 염화물 확산 시험과 ASTM C 1202( KS F 2271)에 의한 염소이온 침투 저항성 시험을 이용하여 콘크리트의 염해저항성의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 그 결과 알칼리 설페이트계 활성화제의 활용에 따라 Plain 대비 슬럼프는 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으나 재령 2일부터 재령 7일까지의 압축강도는 17~42% 향상되었다. 또한 재령 28일에 측정한 염화물 확산 계수는 알칼리 설페이트의 활용에 따라 Plain 대비 36~56% 감소하였으며, 염소이온 침투 저항성 시험에 따른 총통과전하량은 재령 7일은 33~62%, 재령 28일은 31~48% 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 이는 기존의 연구결과와 마찬가지로 알칼리 활성화에 의해 고로슬래그 미분말 및 플라이애시의 반응성이 향상되어 공극이 더욱 치밀해진 효과에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 향후 이와 관련하여 장기재령의 시험체를 대상으로 한 실험과 분석이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.276-281
• /
• 2020

알칼리 금속 이온과 염소 이온이 포함된 용액으로부터 이온교환수지를 이용한 이온 제거에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 양이온인 금속이온(Na⁺와 K⁺)의 제거에는 양이온교환수지를, 음이온인 염소 이온(Cl^-)의 제거에는 음이온교환수지를 사용하였다. 용액 A (Na⁺를 36,633 ppm, Cl^-를 57,921 ppm 함유)의 경우, Na⁺ 이온과 Cl^- 이온은 20분 이내에 99% 이상 제거되었다. 용액 B (K⁺를 1,638 ppm 함유)의 경우, K⁺ 이온은 3분 이내에 99% 이상 제거되었다.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.141-146
• /
• 2005

Calix[4]crown-6-2,4-bis(4-aminobutyl ether), which has a crown-6 moiety at the 1,3-position and amino function at the 2,4-position, was prepared as an intermediate for the subsequent synthesis of calix[4]crown-6-containing polyamide and polyimide using adipoyl chloride and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. The chemical structures were characterized by IR, $^{1}H NMR$ spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and some of their physical properties, including their thermal behavior, were examined. The ion binding characteristics of the monomer and polymers for alkali metal and alkali earth metal ions were measured by liquid-liquid extraction from the aqueous phase into the organic phase. It has been observed that polyamide has a high binding ability towards various metal cations as compared to polyimide, which showed cesium ion selectivity.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.431-442
• /
• 2013

This study attempted to find a proper method applicable to simulating practical equifield lines of two-dimensional Accelerate Lithium Migration Technique (ALMT), and evaluate the feasibility of using the theoretical ion migration model of one-dimensional ALMT to predict the ion migration behavior of two-dimensional ALMT. The result showed that the electrolyte or carbon plate can be used as matrix to draw equifield line graph similar to that by using mortar as matrix. Using electrolyte electrode module for simulation has advantages of simple production, easy measurement, rapidness, and economy. The electrolyte module can be used to simulate the equifield line distribution diagram in practical two-dimensional electrode configuration firstly. Then, several equifield line zones were marked, and several subzones under one-dimensional ALMT were separated from various equifield line zones. The theoretical free content distribution of alkali in concrete under two-dimensional electric field effect could be obtained from duration analysis.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.91-94
• /
• 2007

It is essential every concrete structure should continue to perform its intended functions, that is maintain its required strength and durability, during the service life. However, deterioration occurs more progressively from the outside of concrete exposed to severe conditions. Deterioration in the concrete structure is due to carbonation and chloride ion attack. Therefore, concrete structure is needed to surface protection for increase durability using impregnant. Impregnant classify into two large groups in polymeric and silicate materials. Silicate impregnant is included silane and alkali silicate(sodium and lithium silicate). Thus, this study is concerned with carbonation and chloride ion resistance of self cleaning hydrophilic impregnant of concrete structure using lithium and potassium silicate. From the experimental test result, lithium and potassium silicate have a good properties as a carbonation and chloride ion resistance. Lithium and potassium silicate make good use of hydrophilic impregnant.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2016

Applications of electrolytic ion water generated by the oxidation-reduction have gradually been expanded due to their strong sterilizing power and a surface active force. We demonstrate the effect of the multi-layer type electrode for effective ion water generation. The multi-layer type electrode has ability to generate stronger acid and alkali water by increase of the electrode reactive area. Also power consumption efficiency enhances because the electrodes disposed in middle position of the reactive cell raise the usage rate by overlapped effect as an electrolysis electrode.