• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2021

Desmodium paniculatum (Fabaceae), native to North America and an alien plant in Japan, was newly found in Hwaseong-si and Daejeon-si, Korea. This species is distinguished from Korean-related taxa based on certain morphological features. Specifically, it is a perennial herb, with a 4-5 jointed loment, and with the basal suture moderately incised between the articles. In the field, D. paniculatum grows around rivers and roadsides, suggesting that it is likely to have been introduced through river improvement work and road construction. On the phylogenetic tree based on an internal transcribed spacer, Korean individuals forms a clade with a Japanese individual. Here, we report a morphological description, photographs, an illustration, and the locality of D. paniculatum.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2020

We found Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, an unrecorded alien plant, in Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do and Ganghwa-gun, Incheon Metropolitan City. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is native to North America (the USA and Mexico), Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua), the Caribbean (the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), and South America (Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay). It is reported as an invasive species worldwide. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is closely related to D. fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow (Gaet-deu-reong-sae in Korean), an invasive species in Korea, and both are infraspecific taxa of the species D. fusca. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is distinguished from D. fusca subsp. fascicularis by the small size of its spikelets, glumes, and lemmas, with apex awnless. Its common name is "Jom-gaet-deu-reong-sae" based on the short spikelets. We found that D. fusca (≡Leptochloa fusca), previously known as "Gaet-deu-reong-sae", was misapplied. It is morphologically different from D. fusca subsp. fascicularis. Therefore, we changed the scientific name of Gaet-deu-reong-sae from D. fusca (≡L. fusca) to D. fusca subsp. fascicularis based on the type specimens, original descriptions, and recent studies.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.191-199
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• 2019

Road development is considered an important factor in invasion and dispersion of ailen plants by damaging the natural ecosystems and connecting the detached landscapes into long tubular structures. In this study, vegetation survey was carried out according to the topographical characteristics of cut slope, fill slope, and flat land at the construction site in order to understand the effect of road developemt on the change of the floristic composition of ailen plants. Road developement projects caused a lot of changes in annual and biennial alien plants because of continuous disturbances. Changes in species composition of alien plants decreased in the cut slope. On the other hand, the ailen palnts of the fill slope increased. The increase or decrease alien plants on flat land were identified depending on where it occurred, and no major trend was found. The cause of these change was driven by unintentionally introduced alien plants. In particular, the cut slope with a high occurence of unintentional ailen plants should not be used as a source of high-risk alien plants such as ecosystem disturbances. Since the transplanted species were intentionally planted by the landscape plan, it was possible to identify colonies from early stages and spread to the nearby flat land. Therefore, in order to minimize the impact of road slope vegetation on the surrounding ecosystem during and after road construction, it is suggested to plant high viability plants in the landscape design during the environmental impact assessment consultation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.25-42
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for management of ecologically restored stream by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in Chunghyocheon stream, Gyeongju-si. The survey of vascular plants in this site was conducted before and after restoration. The number of vascular plants were summarized as 276 taxa including 68 families, 188 genera, 242 species, 1 subspecies, 29 varieties and 4 forms. The rare plants were 2 taxa including Prunus yedoensis Matsum. and Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, and the Korean endemic plant was Lespedeza maritima Nakai. The specific plants by floristic region were 13 taxa including 1 taxa of grade V, 3 taxa of grade III, 1 taxa of grade II and 8 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 62 taxa including Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach, Lepidium virginicum L., Poa compressa L. and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Aster pilosus Willd. and Lactuca scariola L.. The hydrophytes were 34 taxa including 26 taxa of emergent plant, 1 taxa of floating-leaved plant, 2 taxa of free-floating plant and 5 taxa of submerged plant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.184-195
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• 2022

The invasive alien species Brassica tournefortii Gouan (Brassicaceae) is herein reported for the first time in Korea, from Gunsan-si, Gochang-gun, and Jeju-si. Brassica tournefortii can easily be distinguished from B. juncea and B. napus by its dense stiff hairs at the base of the stem and leaves, basally and distally branched stems, partially dehiscent fruits, and seeds that become mucilaginous in the presence of moisture. Although some taxonomists have classified this species as belonging to Coincya Rouy based on its fruit and seed characteristics, the existence of one vein on the fruit valves and our maximum likelihood analysis using internal transcribed spacer sequences placed it in Brassica. Distribution data, photographs, and a description of B. tournefortii are presented herein. Moreover, potential changes in the distribution of B. tournefortii were predicted under different climate scenarios, but our analysis showed that the probability of the spreading of this species is low. Nevertheless, continuous monitoring is necessary for an accurate assessment. The results of the present study can be used to conduct an invasion risk assessment and can assist with the effective management of this invasive alien species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_3
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• pp.589-602
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• 1998

Mt. Nam (265m), a city park of Seoul, was originally covered with a typical deciduous broad-leaved forests in Central Korea. However, the park forests have been changed the development for various purpose such as the construction of castle wall, road way, broadcasting station, theater, hotel and apartments, in addition, to thoughtless plantation or alien plant introduction. Human population growth from ca. 100 thousands persons less in that time established Seoul as the capital of choseon dynasty in 1394 to ten millions over persons at present, accelerated the vegetational changes of the park. mt. Nam boundary in those days of sunjong (1908) also was much shrinked as much the range of 300 m distance in the northern most to 700 or 800m distance in some places. The actual vegetation of Mt. Nam largely can be classified by floristic composition into two plant communities of Quercus mongolica community and Pinus densiflora community, four plantations of Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa and other tree species, and on mixed forest with native and alien tree species in secondary succession stage (Yim et al. 1987). The restoration movement of Mt. Nam toward to the natural condition of forest or biodiversity is moving now. However, in the movement there are some problems such as the lack of ecological consideration and the undesirable decision of priority in the practice. A warning should be given, especially, on the undesirable plantation of non-native tree species restricting the forest succession, as in the case of southern slope of Mt. Nam. First of all, the most importance in Mt. Nam management is that the restoration for natural forest and biodiversity should be carried on the basis of integrated ecological principles based on the site evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.41-61
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was carried out to present the basic data for constructing a ecological stream, Shindangcheon stream located in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. From August 2017 to June 2019, a total of 7 surveys were conducted. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 388 taxa including 75 families, 246 genera, 360 species, 4 subspecies, 19 varieties, 2 forms and 3 hybrids. The most families of taxa were Poaceae (59 taxa), Asteraceae (47 taxa), Fabaceae (27 taxa), Rosaceae and Cyperaceae (20 taxa, respectively), and Polygonaceae and Brassicaceae (15 taxa, respectively). The rare plant was Aristolochia contorta Bunge, and the Korean endemic plants were 4 taxa, such as Populus × tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz, Lespedeza maritima Nakai, and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region found in this site were 13 taxa comprising 8 taxa of grade I, 4 taxa of grade III, and 1 taxon of grade IV. The naturalized plants were 73 taxa, such as Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach., Potentilla supina L. var. ternata Pterm., and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 6 taxa, such as Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Lactuca serriola L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom..

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-46
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to present the ecologically important data for conservation and management of river ecosystem. Namcheon Stream, the study site, is a local river flowing from the east to the west of Gyeongju. The results are as follows. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 518 taxa including 98 families, 321 genera, 467 species, 9 subspecies, 32 varieties, 4 forms, 4 hybrids and 2 cultivars. The rare plants were 4 taxa including Aristolochia contorta, Koelreuteria paniculata, Hydrocharis dubia and Sparganium stoloniferum. The Korean endemic plants were Populus × tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Lespedeza maritima, Weigela subsessilis and Hemerocallis hakuunensis. The floristic target species were 27 taxa including 2 taxa of grade IV, 4 taxa of grade III, 7 taxa of grade II and 14 taxa of grade I. The invasive alien plants were 92 taxa including Pterocarya stenoptera, Conyza canadensis, Vulpia myuros and so on. The ecosystem disturbing species were 6 taxa including Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Lactuca seriola and Symphyotrichum pilosum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2014

This study is carried out to offer the raw data for conservation and management of tidal flat ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Daesong tidal flat wetland, Ahnsan-si, Gyeonggi-do coast, Korea. The results of surveying the flora were recorded as 186 taxa including 45 families, 121 genera, 170 species, 14 varieties and 2 forms. The halophytes checked around this site were 20 taxa including Atriplex gmelinii, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica, Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia and so forth. Polygonum bellardii that species had ecological value was the specific plant by floristic region. The growth locations of halophytes were 11 taxa of upper, 4 taxa of high tide line and 5 taxa of lower. The naturalized plants were 42 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Chenopodium glaucum, Melilotus alba, Veronica persica, Bidens pilosa, Leptochloa fusca and so forth. Because Aster subulatusand Leptochloa fusca grew a upper tidal flat wetland, they had the characteristics of halophytes. The focuses on the management of Daesong wetland were halophytes and naturalized plants. Firstly, to maintain a halophytes communities, we will sow the halophytes seeds and plant the individuals. And In-Situ conservation was applied to Polygonum bellardii habitat. Secondly, to prevent the genesis of naturalized plant, we will don't disturb around the wetland environment. The invasive alien plant, Lactuca scariola, was removed by periodic monitoring and purification activity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.86-101
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• 2004

This study was conducted to present the ecological management of Goduk Riverside Restoration Area in Hangang, Seoul by analyzing the change of the vegetation structure. The survey site was classified into three groups. These were the vegetation restoration area, the dry plant area, and the swampy plant area. There were 141 taxa including naturalized plants and 13 species recorded in 2001 and 258 taxa including naturalized plants and 42 species were recorded in 2003 by monitoring. Monitoring results showed that the alien plants such as Humulus japonicus expanded continuously except in the vegetation restoration area. It was found that the growing status of planted shrub plants were poor, and the naturalized plants status was thriving, and the soil environment was bad in the vegetation restoration area. The alien plants such as Humulus japonicus and Aster pilosus dominated continuously in the dry plant area. The swampy native herb plants number was decreased, but the Humulus japonicus community was expanded caused by the soil drying in the swampy plant area. Soil analysis showed that the soil acidity, the available phosphates and the concentration of calcium were highly effected by cultivation. We propose ecological management as follows based on the results of the change of vegetation and soil characteristics. The vegetation restoration area should be managed by visitor's characteristics. Replanting vegetations should be based on soil characteristics. The removal of naturalized plants and established monitoring with plots is also needed. In the dry plant area and the swampy plant area, naturalized plants need to be removed in order to facilitate bio-diversity and monitoring.