• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1985

화본과(禾本科) 및 두과사료작물(荳科飼料作物)의 단파(單播)와 혼파(混播)에서 중질소(重窒素)를 시용(施用)하여 시비질소(施肥窒素)의 작물별(作物別) 건물수량(乾物收量), 총질소함량(總窒素含量), 비료유내질소율(肥料由來窒素率), 토양중(土壤中) 유효질소량 등을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 건물수량(乾物收量)에 대(對)한 질소시비효과는 orchardgrass에서만 높이 인정(認定)되었고 alfalfa와 birdsfoot treoil은 혼파(混播)의 경우 초기(初期)에만 인정(認定)되었다. 2. 건물수량(乾物收量)은 단파(單播)에서는 alfalfa>red clover>orchardgrass>birdsfoot trefoli의 순(順)이었고 혼파(混播)에서는 orchardgrass + alfalfa> orchardgrass + red clover> orchardgrass+birdsfoot trefoil순(順)으로 나타났다. 3. 비료유내질소율(肥料由來窒素率)는 단파(單播)에서 orchardgrass가 두과(荳科)보다 높았으나 혼파(混播)한 경우는 전구(全區) 공(共)히 두과(荳科)가 orchargrass보다 높아서 orchardgrass가 두과(荳科)로부터 시비질소(施肥窒素)보다 토양질소(土壤窒素)를 공급(供給)받는 것으로 보였다. 또한 비료유내질소율(肥料由來窒素率)은 단파시(單播時) 모든 작물(作物)에서 후기(後期)로 갈수록 작아졌으며 혼파시(混播時) orchardgrass에는 일정한 경향(傾向)이 없었다. 4. 토양중(土壤中) 유효질소량은 단파시(單播時) alfalfa>red clover> orchardgrass> birdsfoot trefoil 순(順)이었으며 혼파시(混播時)는 orchardgrass+alfalfa(3 : 7) > orchardgrass + red clover (3 : 7) > orchardgrass + alfalfa(5 : 5) > orchardgrass + birdsfoot trefoil(5 : 5) > orchardgrass + red clover (5 : 5) > orchardgrass + bidsfoot trefoil(3 : 7)의 순(順)이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2021

Soil conservation management is necessary for sustainable agriculture, in highland areas, and cover crops are one of the best soil conservation methods for slopes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of alfalfa cultivation on maize production, as well as soil conservation and quality. There was an outstanding soil conservation effect with alfalfa cultivation in the fallow and maize growing seasons. In particular, alfalfa cultivation reduced soil loss by up to 98% compared with bare field. It also increased the activities of soil microorganisms and the supply of organic matter. Maize production with alfalfa cultivation showed no significant differences in yield. In conclusion, alfalfa is an advantageous perennial cover crop in highland agricultural slope areas, which can have positive effects on soil quality and conservation, as well as maize production.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2023

Iron (Fe) is a vital element for plants and other organisms, involving in several physiological processes including respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. Unfortunately, how Fe accumulation regulates in response to light quality has not been well established in plants. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the mechanism of Fe homeostasis by light quality. In this study, we found morpho-physiological attributes were significantly improved in response to blue (λmax: 450) compared to white (λmax: 500) and red (λmax: 660) light. The root-shoot length, plant biomass, photosynthesis efficiency (Fv/Fm) and leafgreen (SPAD) significantly declined in response to white and red light. However, these parameters were improved and iron deficiency was substantially alleviated by blue light exposure in alfalfa seedlings. This study might be useful to the forage breeders and farmers for improving alfalfa yield and nutritional benefits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.800-809
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different ratios of corn silage (CS): alfalfa hay (AH), and extruded soybeans (ESB) on milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites, and fatty acids in milk fat and plasma. Ninety multiparous Holstein cows were arranged in a randomized block design experiment which lasted 14 weeks. Treatments were arranged as a $3{\times}3$ factorial with 0%, 5% or 10% ESB (dry matter basis) and three forage treatments: I) 30% CS, 10% AH and 10% Leymus chinense hay (LC); ii) 20% corn silage, 20% alfalfa hay and 10% LC; iii) 10% CS, 30% AH and 10% LC. Cows were allowed to consume a total mixed ration ad libitum. There was no change of dry matter intake when cows were fed the experimental diets. As more AH was added to the diets, milk yield, milk protein content and yield, and trans9, cis11-conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) concentrations in milk fat and plasma increased. When ESB were supplemented to the diets, milk yield, and trans9, cis11-CLA concentration in milk fat and plasma increased. When 10% ESB was added to the diet containing 30% AH the trans9, cis11-CLA content (1.46 g/100 g of total fatty acids) in milk was the highest among all treatments. These results suggests that AH could replace part of a CS diet and be a good forage source of diet for dairy cows to improve milk yield and milk composition. Meanwhile, ESB could be included in the diet with high AH to improve production performance of dairy cows.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1975

현지기후풍토(現地氣候風土)에 적합할 것으로 생각되는 7품종(品種) Alfalfa (Washo, Ranger, Lahontan, Narragensett, Atlantic, Vernal, Moapa 69)의 건물생산량과 생육(生育)에 미치는 근류균접종효과에 관한 실험(實驗)을 비교적 척박한 토양(土壤)에 종자(種子) 30l에 근류균(根瘤菌) 6oz 비율로 도말하여 파종(播種) 1973-74년 2년간(年間) 실시하였다. 1. 공시된 품종(品種)에서 근류균(根瘤菌)을 접종(接種)한 구(區)가 접종(接種)하지 않은 구(區)에 비하여 초장(草長) 및 건물량(乾物量)에 있어서 현저한 증가를 보였다. 2. 1973년(年) Pot 시험에서 접종구(接種區)의 건물생산량은 Moapa 69> Vernal> Lahontan> Washoe> Atlantic> Narragensett> Ranger 의 순(順)이었다. 3. 다음해 포장(圃場)에 이식(移植)한 후에는 접종(接種)과 무접종간(無接種間)의 건물생산량에 차이가 없었다. 총건물(總乾物) 생산량은 Washoe> Lahontan> Moapa 69> Ranger> Narrangensett> Vernal> Atlantic의 순(順)이었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2023

Silicon (Si) has the potential to improve plant growth and stress tolerance. The study aimed to explore Si-involving plant responses and molecular characterization of different Si-responsive genes in alfalfa. In this study, the exogenous supplementation of Si enhanced plant growth, and biomass yield. Si-acquisition in alfalfa root and shoot was higher in Si-supplemented compared to silicon deficient (-Si) plants, implying Si-acquisition has beneficial on alfalfa plants. As a consequence, the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was significantly increased in silicon-sufficient (+Si) plants. The quantitative gene expression analysis exhibited a significant upregulation of the Lsi1, Lsi2, Lsi3, NIP5;1, and NIP6;1 genes in alfalfa roots, while BOR1, BOR4, NIP2, and NIP3 showed no significant variation in their expression. The MEME results further noticed the association of four motifs related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP). The interaction analysis revealed that NIP5;1 and Lsi1 showed a shared gene network with NIP2, BOR1, and BOR4, and Lsi2, Lsi3 and NIP3-1, respectively. These results suggest that members of the major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) family especially Lsi1, Lsi2, Lsi3, NIP5;1, and NIP6;1 genes helped to pass water and other neutral solutes through the cell membrane and those played significant roles in Si uptake and transport in plants. Together, these insights might be useful for alfalfa breeding and genome editing approaches for alfalfa improvement.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1983

화본과(禾本科) 및 두과사료작물(豆科飼料作物)의 단파(単播)와 혼파(混播)에서 중질소(重窒素)를 시용(施用)하여 시비질소(施肥窒素)의 작물별(作物別) 건물수량(乾物收量), 질소흡수량(窒素吸收量), 질소고정량(窒素固定量)에 대(対)한 질소(窒素)의 효과(効果)를 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 두과작물(豆科作物)에서 질소고정량(窒素固定量)은 alfalfa > red clover > birdsfoot trefoil의 순(順)이었으며 토양질소의존도(土壌窒素依存度)는 red clover가 가장 컸다. 2. 건물수량(乾物收量)에 대(対)한 질소시용효과(窒素施用効果)는 orchardgrass에서만 높이 인정(認定)되었고 alfalfa와 birdsfoot trefoil는 혼파(混播)의 경우 초기(初期)에만 인정(認定)되었다. 3. 건물수량(乾物收量)은 단파(単播)에서는 alfalfa > red clover > orchardgrass > birdsfoot trefoil의 순(順)이고 혼파(混播)에서는 orchardgrass + alfalfa > orchardgrass + red clover > orchardgrass + birdsfoot trefoil순(順)으로 나타났다. 4. 질소흡수량(窒素吸收量)은 전구(全区) 공(共)히 시비구(施肥区)가 무비구(無肥区)보다 증가(増加)하였고 단파시(単播時) alfalfa > red clover > orchardgrass > birdsfoot trefoil순(順)으로 작물별(作物別)로 흡수량(吸收量)의 차이를 보였다. 5. Orchardgrass의 질소흡수량(窒素吸收量)은 3:7의 red clover 혼파(混播) 시비구(施肥区)만 제외(除外)하고 시비(施肥)에 관계없이 파구(播区)가 단파구(単播區)보다 높았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2019

Objective: We hypothesized that silage additives may alter the undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) content through ensiling. Therefore, urea and formic acid were applied to corn, whole barley crop (WBC) and alfalfa to change uNDF content of the ensiled forages. Methods: Six experimental diets at two groups of high uNDF (untreated corn and alfalfa silages [CSAS] and untreated whole barley and alfalfa silages [BSAS]) and low uNDF (urea-treated corn silage+untreated alfalfa silage [$CS_UAS$], urea-treated whole barley silage+untreated alfalfa silage [$BS_UAS$], untreated corn silage+formic acid-treated alfalfa silage [$CSAS_F$], and untreated whole barley silage+formic acid-treated alfalfa silage [$BSAS_F$]), were allocated to thirty-six multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows. Results: The untreated silages were higher in uNDF than additive treated silages, but the uNDF concentrations among silages were variable (corn silage0.05). Milk yield tended to increase in the cows fed high uNDF diets than those fed low uNDF (p = 0.10). The cows fed diet based on urea-treated corn silage had higher milk yield than those fed other silages (p = 0.05). The substitution of corn silage with the WBC silage tended to decrease milk production (p = 0.07). Changing the physical source of NDF supply and the uNDF content from the corn silage to the WBC silage caused a significant increase in ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration, milk urea-N and fat yield (p<0.05). The cows fed diets based on WBC silage experienced greater rumination time than the cows fed corn silage (p<0.05). Conclusion: Administering additives to silages to reduce uNDF may improve the performance of Holstein dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.960-964
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• 2014

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets containing coarse-texture rice straw and small particle size alfalfa pellets as a part of total mixed ration (TMR) on milk productivity and chewing activity in lactating dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows ($670{\pm}21kg$ body weight) in mid-lactation ($194.1{\pm}13.6$ days in milk) were randomly assigned to TMR containing 50% of timothy hay (TH) or TMR containing 20% of rice straw and 30% of alfalfa pellet mixture (RSAP). Geometric mean lengths of TH and RSAP were found to be 5.8 and 3.6, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition were measured. Moreover, eating and ruminating times were recorded continuously using infrared digital camcorders. Milk yield and milk composition were not detected to have significant differences between TH and RSAP. Dry matter intake (DMI) did not significantly differ for cows fed with TH or RSAP. Although particle size of TH was larger than RSAP, eating, ruminating and total chewing time (min/d or min/kg of DMI) on TH and RSAP were similar. Taken together, our results suggest that using a proper amount of coarse-texture rice straw with high value nutritive alfalfa pellets may stimulate chewing activity in dairy cows without decreasing milk yield and composition even though the quantity of rice straw was 40% of TH.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 1983

산지(山地)의 초지개발(草地開發)에 있어서 주요(主要) 초종(草種)에 대(對)한 생산성(生産性)을 향상(向上)시키고 최대(最大)의 수량(收量)을 얻기 위해서 N-P-K의 시비수준(施肥水準)과 이의 경제오(經濟悟)을 구명(究明)코저 화본과(禾本科) 목초(牧草)로 orchardgrass와 tall fescue를, 두과(荳科) 목초(牧草)로는 alfalfa와 ladino lover 공시(供試)하여 시비량(施肥量)을 6처리(處理)로 실시(實施)한 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Alfalfa는 1과 2처리(處理)가 4, 5처리(處理)와 5%의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으나 기타(其他)의 처리간(處理間)에서는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 따라서 6-30-30(N-P-K, kg/10a), 6-40-30(N-P-K, kg/10a)간(間)에서 인산(燐酸) 10kg를 증비(增肥)하므로서 수량(收量)은 다소(多少) 증가(增加)되었으나 유의성(有意性)이 없으므로 alfalfa의 최대수량(最大收量)을 얻기 위한 적정(適正) 시비수준(施肥水準)은 6-30-30kg(N-P-K, kg/10a)라고 인정(認定)할 수 있다. 2. Ladino clover는 6처리(處理)에서만 1%수준(水準)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되므로 6-30-40kg을 시비(施肥)하는 것이 최대(最大)의 수량(收量)을 얻을 수 있는 적정수준(適正水準)이었다. 3. Orchardgrass에서는 3과 4처리간(處理間)을 제외(除外)하고 각(各) 처리간(處理間)에 1%의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되며 10a당(當) 40-30-40kg을 시비(施肥)한 6처리(處理)에서 가장 최대(最大)의 수량(收量)을 얻을 수 있었다. 4. Tall fescue는 2, 3처리(處理) 및 5, 6처리간(處理間)을 제외(除外)한 각(各) 처리간(處理間)에서 1%의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으며 orchardgrass와 같이 6처리(處理)에서 최대(最大)의 수량(收量)을 얻었다. 5. 목초(牧草)의 질소(窒素)와 가리(加里) 함량(含量)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 화본과(禾本科)에서 N 함량(含量)이 20kg의 질소(窒素)를 시비(施肥)한 1처리(處理)가 $0.91{\sim}1.05%$이고 $30{\sim}40kg$을 시비(施肥)한 $2{\sim}6$처리(處理)에서 $1.05{\sim}1.26%$로 N 함량(含量)이 다소(多少) 높았으나 시비량(施肥量)에 대(對)한 흡수율(吸收率)에는 처리간(處理間)의 차이(差異)가 없이 $23{\sim}31%$ 정도(程度)였다. 두과(荳科)에서는 $4{\sim}6kg$을 시비(施肥)한 처리간(處理間)에 뚜렷한 차이(差異)가 없었으며 가리(加里)의 함량(含量)은 화본과(禾本科)와 두과(荳科) 다 같이 20 kg 시비구(施肥區)에 비(比)하여 $30{\sim}40kg$을 시비(施肥)한 처리구(處理區)에서 높은 함량(含量)을 표시(表示)하였다. 6. 시비량(施肥量)과 경제성(經濟性)을 목초(牧草)의 건물수량(乾物收量)에 의해서 비교(比較)한 결과(結果)는 alfalfa와 ladino clover에서는 3처리(處理)가 가장 높고 orchardgrass는 6처리(處理), tall fescue는 2처리(處理)의 조수익(粗收益)이 가장 높았다.