• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.867-879
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• 2017

This study investigated the factors affecting problematic drinking amongst the male university students of the Changwon area (n=367). The participants were divided into 3 groups, and undertook the self-report questionnaire survey. Based on the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) guidelines, problematic drinking were rated as 'no problem' (28.8%), 'at-risk drinking' (41.7%), and 'alcohol abuse' (29.5%). Our study revealed that students living alone, indulged in more club activities, and drank more than 3 cans of carbonated drinks a day; this was significantly high on the AUDIT score (p<0.05). Participation in education was significantly higher (p<0.05), but intention to reduce the monthly alcohol consumption was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the alcohol abuse group. Recognition level of drinking cultures, drinking habits, AUDIT, and nicotine dependence were significantly higher in the alcohol abuse group (p<0.001). Recognition level of drinking cultures and nicotine dependence by the FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) positively correlated with problematic drinking, whereas dietary guidelines and self-esteem showed a negative correlation with problematic drinking (p<0.05). Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the factors affecting problematic drinking were recognition level of drinking cultures (${\beta}=0.47$, p<0.001) and nicotine dependence (${\beta}=0.23$, p<0.001). We conclude that implementation of health education for university students, would aid in rectifying the incorrect perception of drinking. Furthermore, both drinking and smoking should be considered simultaneously.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2018

In the Republic of Belarus as well as in the world acute problem of protecting forests from diseases and pests. The damage caused by root rot is essential, therefore, the problem of forest protection is an urgent task. The biologics has the greatest prospects in according with traditional methods of struggle. Deep method of cultivation of a mushroom Phlebiopsis gigantea with use of nutrient mediums on the basis of ethanol stillage and its components (fugat) is researched. Feasibility of use stillage as raw materials in production of a biological product for the wood protection against root decay is shown. The effect of different additives (sawdust, fodder yeast) on the accumulation of reactive biological product - oidy has been studed It was determined that the deep cultivation using sawdust of the highest accumulation oidy (1.5 $10^6units/ml$). It was also found that the stillage is the best breeding ground for fungus biomass accumulation (7.9 9.8 g / l) versus fugat (6.0 6.6 g / l). On the basis of research work the technological scheme for production of a biological product were developed. Based on the conducted studies, a technological scheme was proposed for obtaining a biological preparation by deep cultivation of the fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.108-117
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the demographic characteristics, alcohol-related characteristics and personality trends in the participants of Alcoholics Anonymous. We compared the 33 participants of Alcoholics Anonymous maintaining abstinence at least over 6 months with 35 hospitalized alcoholic patients who have never attended Alcoholics Anonymous and 32 normal controls. The personality trend was measured by Catell's 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire. -Korean Version. The results were as follows: 1) In the demographic data, the participants of Alcoholics Anonymous were mainly 40's, graduated from high school, married, unemployed, middle class in economic state, first or second sons. 2) In alcohol related characteristics, age of first drinking was mainly distributed from 15 to 19 years-old. The most common psychosocial and environmental problem as precipitating factor of alcohol consumption was the problem with primary supper group and the second one was occupational. Most of them drank everyday, and admitted one time. 3) In the first stratum sources traits, the participants of Alcoholics Anonymous demonstrated significantly higher score than hospitalized alcoholic Patients, but lower than normal control in C-factor(stableness). They demonstrated significantly higher score than hospitalized alcoholic patients and normal controls in O-factor(Guilt-proness) and demonstrated significantly higher score than hospitalized alcoholic patients in Q3-factor(self-control). 4) In the second stratum sources traits, they demonstrated significantly higher score than hospitalized alcoholic patients in EXT-factor(extroversions), and lower score than hospitalized alcoholic patients and normal controls in IND-factor(independence).

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the factors influencing problem drinking of male drinkers above 19 years old according to the life cycle. Methods: The study subjects consisted of a representative community sample of 2,229 male drinkers aged 19 and older from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Rao-Scott $x^2$-test, simple and multiple logistic regressions. Results: The problem drinking rates were 38.7% in adolescence, 44.5% in middle age, and 23.9% in senescence. In adolescence, the predictors of problem drinking included occupation, stress recognition, and smoking. In middle age, the predictors of problem drinking were education level, depression, and smoking. In senescence, the predictors of problem drinking were not identified in this study. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that the factors influencing problem drinking of male drinkers were different according to life cycle. Thus different intervention methods should be developed for each age group in order to intervene the problem drinking.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

Objectives: Socioeconomic factors are one of the significant factors explaining drinking problems in our society. From the poverty and inequality perspective, not only absolute poverty but perceived level of poverty or inequality has a direct effect on one's health and health behaviors. The purpose of the study is to explore the growth trajectories of problem drinking in Korea in relation to poverty and perceived income. Methods: Data from 13,414 adults were analyzed using 4 years of data (2010 to 2014) from the Korea Welfare Panel. Main variables included poverty status, perceived income inequality, and problem drinking. A latent growth modeling was employed for the analysis. Results: The non-poverty group had higher initial level of problem drinking; however, the poverty group showed higher rate of increase in problem drinking rate. The perceived income inequality had no significant influence on the initial level, but over time, those with higher level of perceived income inequality showed higher rate of increase in problem drinking. Conclusions: Findings showed that poverty and inequality affect changes in problem drinking. Efforts to prevent and decrease problems related to alcohol should not only focus on changing individuals' behavior but also on decreasing the inequality gap.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.17-40
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of the this study was to test the effect of the alcohol preventive educational program for elementary school students through developing the web-based learning instruments. It will prevent the serious alcohol problem for adolescents and be the opening-learning according to learner's needs beyond the traditional classroom learning which has limitation of space and time. Method: This research designed based on web-based instructional system design by In-sung Jong(1997). This study was performed on the elementary school students who are the six grade in M city. The number of experimental group was 72 and control group's number was 72, totaled 144. Data were collected from September, 30th, 2004 to November, 5th, 2004, totaled 37days. The pretest and the posttest for web-based alcohol preventive education program were tested about knowledge and attitudes toward drinking. After the performance, the posttest was also tested the effect of this program under items by the interest of web-based learning, satisfaction, adequateness of material and so on. The data analysis was done using SPSS/Win 11.0 program. Result: The results of this study are as follows: 1) Compared with control group, experimental group which was educated the web-based alcohol preventive educational program for elementary school students was improved the knowledge on drinking, thin there was no significant difference. However, it showed significant difference between two groups after education. It was, therefore, partially supported. 2) Compared with control group, the experimental group which was educated the web-based alcohol preventive educational program for elementary school students showed significant difference in attitudes toward drinking. After education, it showed no significant difference attitudes. toward drinking between experimental group and control group. It was, therefore, partially supported. 3) The degree of learning motivation was an average.595 of 1 after learning applied to by the web-based alcohol preventive educational program for elementary school students. Then, it is relatively more higher than the result of existing studies. So, it showed that the motivation was done well. 4) Correlation among study variables It showed that there was the significantly positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes toward drinking of pretest experimental group. Also, there was the significantly positive correlation between attitudes toward drinking and learning motivation of pretest and posttest experimental group. Conclusion: I found that the web-based educational program helps the elarning process for the health education in the school field which the instructional materials lack. As a result, the web-based education motivates the learner's pleasure and promotes the learners interest. Also, it is possible for students to learn according to their own learning pace, repeated learning and active learning participation in the necessary parts. Therefore, I think the web-based educational program is worth as a intervention to get positive influence for the health education.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 천마(Gastrodia elata)추출물의 분획과 butanol 분획층의 연속적인 silicagel column chromatography를 통하여 유효성 분인 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1. bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane 2. gastrodin(4-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl alcohol) 3을 분리하였다. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1과 gastrodin(4-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl alcohol) 3은 tyrosinase에 대한 저해작용은 없으나 B16 melanoma 세포의 melanin 새성을 억제한다는 것을 발견하였다. Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane 2 ($IC_{50}$/ = 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)은 arbutin ($IC_{50}$/ = 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) 보다 약 $\frac{1}{4}$의 tyrosinase 활성 저해작용을 나타내었지만 B16 melanoma 세포의 melanin 생성 억제는 오히려 arbutin 보다 높게 나왔다. 또한 butanol 분획층 ($IC_{50}$/ = 46$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)의 tyrosinase에 대한 활성 저해 작용이 arbutin ($IC_{50}$/ = 114 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)보다 높은 억제 작용을 나타내었고 B16 melanoma 세포의 melanin 생성 억제도 arbutin 보다 높게 나왔다. 특히 butanol 분획층으로부터 분리된 페놀성 혼합물 ($IC_{50}$/ = 2.37 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)은 arbutin 보다 약 50배 가까운 매운 높은 tyrosinase 활성 억제 작용을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로부터 천마추출물로부터 분리된 유효성분들이 tyrosinase에 대한 저해작용 뿐만 아니라 B16 melanoma 세포의 melanin 생성을 억제하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2009

Metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is a problem of economic and health importance. Information regarding molecular responses to metal exposure is sorely needed in order to identify potential biomarkers. To determine the effects of heavy metals on chironomids, the full-length cDNA of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH3) from Chironomus riparius was determined through molecular cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The expression of ADH3 was analyzed under various cadmium and copper concentrations. A comparative and phylogenetic study among different orders of insects and vertebrates was carried out through analysis of sequence databases. The complete cDNA sequence of the ADH3 gene was 1134 bp in length. The sequence of C. riparius ADH3 shows a low degree of amino acid identity (around 70%) with homologous sequences in other insects. After exposure of C. riparius to various concentrations of copper, ADH3 gene expression significantly decreased within 1 hour. The ADH3 gene expression was also suppressed in C. riparius after cadmium exposure for 24 hour. However, the effect of cadmium on ADH3 gene expression was transient in C. riparius. The results show that the suppression of ADH3 gene by copper exposure could be used as a possible biomarker in aquatic environmental monitoring and imply differential toxicity to copper and cadmium in C. riparius larvae.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2014

Objectives: This study examined how adolescents' cognitive stress relates to suicidal thought, thereby offering basic data about social and institutional ways to reduce adolescent suicide. Methods: In this study, data from an online survey on adolescents' health conducted by Korea Center for Disease Control(2013, 9th) was used after altering it to fit the purpose of the study. The data was analysed using the complex sampling method and structural equation model(SEM). Results: Whilst adolescents' cognitive stress had positive effects on suicidal thought, problem drinking and cognitive depression, it had a negative effect on physical activity. The structural equation model from cognitive stress, problem drinking, cognitive depression, physical activity influenced suicidal thought. Problem drinking on the other hand had an influence on cognitive depression. Conclusion: These findings suggest that future intervention programs for prevention of adolescents' suicidal thought should also address problem drinking, cognitive depression, and cognitive stress.