• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the determinants of depression in adolescents and young adults. Methods: The present study analyzed data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey (Riset Kesehatan Dasar; RISKESDAS). The study subjects were adolescents (15-17 years old) and young adults (18-24 years old). In total, 64 179 subjects were included. Univariable, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between youths' characteristics, risky behavior, chronic disease, parents' health, and youths' depression. Results: The prevalence of depression was 5.1% in adolescents and 5.6% in young adults. The risk factors for depression in adolescents were being women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89 to 4.30; p<0.001), an ex-smoker (aOR, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.10 to 4.25; p<0.001), or a current smoker (aOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.44; p<0.001); consuming alcohol (aOR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.33 to 3.01; p=0.001), having a chronic disease (aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.96; p=0.002); maternal depression (aOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.09; p<0.001); and paternal depression (aOR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.98 to 3.50; p<0.001). In young adults, the risk factors were being women (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.82 to 2.75; p<0.001) or an ex-smoker (aOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.67 to 3.67; p<0.001), consuming alcohol (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.09; p<0.001), maternal depression (aOR, 3.12; 95% CI, 2.54 to 3.84; p<0.001), and paternal depression (aOR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.17 to 3.63; p<0.001). Conclusions: Being women, smoking, drinking alcohol, having a chronic disease, and having a parent with depression were crucial factors associated with youth depression. Mental health screening, prevention, and treatment should involve collaboration among primary healthcare, schools, universities, professionals, and families.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to identify health behaviors and health problems. and the relations between health behaviors and health problems of female workers in the retail business. The number of subjects were 200 female workers of 6 department stores in Seoul and Kyonggi area, whose jobs last more than 6 months as retail employees. The data was collected during 2 months from July 1 to August 30, 1998. The Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire(CMI) was used to measure their health problems, while health behaViorn were investigated in terms of 'smoking', 'alcohol', exercise', 'diet', and 'sleeping'. The data were analyzed with frequency. percentage, t-test, ANOVA test, and $X^2-test$ by SPSS PC+ program. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Out of health problems. Digestive symptoms occupied the highest percent number. nervous ones the second and cardiovascular ones the third among physical health problems of retail female workers. The most frequent mental health problem was 'adequacy' and the next, 'tension' and 'anger', 2, Health problems according to general characteristics of subjects were shown that the younger or the unmarried complained more than the older or the married, especially in the items of 'eye and ear', 'respiratory system', 'cardiovascular system', 'digestive tract', 'nervous system', 'adequacy', and 'depression'. The longer working duration they have had, the more they complained of 'respiratory system' and 'adequacy'. The lower academic careers complained of 'nervous' than the higher ones with statistical significance. 3. The analysis of daily health clinic notes showed that respiratory complaints were the highest percent, successively followed by digestive tract, nervous one, external injury, musculoskeletal system, urinary-reproductive system and others. 4. The level of their health practice was generally low in smoking, diet habit and alcohol intake, exercise, sleeping, very low especially in smoking, diet, alcohol intake, and exercise among them all. 5. Present smokers and ones with past experience complained of physical and mental health problems of 'respiratory system', 'digestive tract', 'skin', 'nervous', 'urinary-reproductive system', 'fatigability', adequacy', 'depression', 'anxiety', 'anger' and 'tension', than non smokers, with statistical difference. Workers without having breakfast and with irregular diet had more complaints on 'digestive tract', 'adequacy' and 'tension', than those who had regular dietary habit. The less the subjects slept, the more they complained of eye and ear, cardiovascular system. The subjects who drank alcohol complained more digestive problem. However, whether they exercise or not did not affect physical and mental health problems in a significant manner. 6. The subjects' age and marital status were statistically significant relating to health behaviors, as the younger or unmarried recorded a low level of health practice in smoking, drinking, dietary habit. Based on the results, the suggestions are made as follows: 1. Health education program on smoking, alcohol intake, diet habit is needed to improve health problems and health behavior of female retail workers. 2. The unmarried workers of late teen and twenties, who are transitional period from teenagers to adulthood are important targets for health promotion program especially for maternal health. 3. Better working environment with sufficient time and facilities for workers to relax is required to promote female sales workers' health. 4. Further research is required to identify the relation between workers' visual fatigue and intense lights for the display of goods.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density and remaining teeth in Korean adults. Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) 5th Year 1(2010), 1,985 adults over 50 years old having bone mineral density test were selected. Male adults were 883, and female adults were 1,102. The raw data consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, bone density data, and oral examination data. The questionnaire consisted of general health survey, laboratory examination study, and nutrition study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for multiple regression analysis, ANOVA, t-test. The variables included general characteristics of the subjects, health behavior, diet habit, and oral health behavior. General characteristics consisted of gender, age, residence area, education level, marital status, monthly income, and vocation. Health behavior consisted of smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index(BMI), physical activity, and mental health. Diet habit consisted of frequency of meal, milk, coffee, and calcium ingestion. Oral health behavior consisted of frequency of tooth brushing, use of oral health care devices, and oral examination. Systemic diseases were measured by the questionnaire for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Bone density was measured in T-score of femoral bone, neck of femur, and lumbar vertebrae. Bone density was classified into normal($T-score{\geq}-1.0$), osteopenia(-2.5 < T-score < -1.0), and osteoporosis ($T-score{\leq}-2.5$). The remaining teeth were measured by the differences between normal teeth and missing teeth. Results: Smoking and age are the most influencing factors on the number of remaining teeth and bone density(p<0.01)(p<0.05). Those who had higher bone density, younger age, and nonsmoker significantly had more remaining teeth. Those who were men, diabetic, lowly educated women, and low birth weighted persons tended to have less number of teeth(p<0.01). Conclusions: The study suggested that there were significant differences between men and women according to the oral health management behavior and systemic disease control. Proper management of the oral health and good quality of bone mineral density can reserve the remaining teeth through the whole life.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to smoking and smoking differences among adolescents who have experienced smoking using data from the 11th (2015) Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The data used in this study were from 5,347 middle and high school students who had cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette smoking experience among 68,043 respondents to the 11th (2015) Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The data were evaluated by frequency analysis, the ${\chi}^2$ test and logistic regression analysis using weighted composite sample analysis. Overall 20% of the total smoking adolescents were dual users and 85.6% of the users of electronic cigarettes used nicotine. The results from multinomial regressions show that: male students (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.15-2.31), living in the metropolitan area (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.32-2.33), an average consumption of fast food of once or twice a day (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.33-4.64), first started smoking during high school (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58-0.98), having experience with passive smoking (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07-1.44), experience drinking alcohol (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.65-2.48) and those with higher weekly allowances were more likely to be at risk than dual users. This study provides basic data regarding the dual use of electronic cigarettes and cigarettes by adolescents. The results presented herein will facilitate development of a smoking cessation program and policy.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2016

Health behavior is one component of life style and is defined as behaviors performed by a person to protect, promote, or maintain the their health. General health behavior habits include not smoking, weight management, moderate drinking, regular exercise. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between toothbrushing and general health behaviors in 1,013 adults using data from the 2008 Daejeon Health Promotion Survey. Results showed no significant difference by region in general health behavior and toothbrushing. Smoking, alcohol consumption and toothbrushing frequency were related to sex, age, monthly income, occupation, and the degree of obesity. The predictoers of toothbrushing more than a day by losistic regression were female sex (vs. male, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.20~2.95), age ${\geq}65$ years (vs. twenties, OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.26~0.99), monthly income 2 miillions Korean Won (KRW) to 3 millions KRW (vs. <2 million won, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04~2.42), white collar (vs. self-employment, OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.62~4.64), and regular exercise (vs. never, OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.21~2.11). We recommend the independent administration of oral health promotion programs focusing on aged and vulnerable social group because general health behaviors except regular exercise were not related to toothbrushing frequency.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-143
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the characteristics of lifestyle and dietary habits of the colorectal cancer patients in Daegu and Kyungpook areas and to collect the data useful for nutrition education for the prevention of colorectal cancer in this community. The case subjects of the study were 123 patients diagnosed recently as colorectal cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 182 persons who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases, including the patients from the department of orthopedic surgery and healthy volunteers. The survey covering general characteristics, life style, dietary habits, eating behaviors, and food intake frequency was administered by individual interviews using questionnaires. The results of the study suggest that high BMI, daily life stress, pessimistic personality, lack of physical activities, and familial cancer history might be the possible risk factors for the incidence of colorectal cancer. Dietary factors suspected as risk factors for colorectal cancer in the present study included strong preferences to meats, salty and fatty taste foods, low intake of water, alcohol drinking, smoking, coffee intake and irregular eating habits. A high consumption of seaweeds, green-yellow vegetables, light-colored vegetables, and green tea was suggested as a preventive factor for colorectal cancer. It is recommended to conduct more extensive and systematic surveys in the near future to reconfirm the risk factors of colorectal cancer in consideration of the characteristic food culture in this community. The results of the present study may be applied to nutritional education for the prevention of colorectal cancer for the local residents. (Korean J Nutrition 38(2): 125～143, 2005)

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-perception and practices of health and appearance, health-related lifestyles and dietary behaviors of college students(137 male, 115 female) attending web class via the Internet. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire and data was analyzed by SPSS program. The average height, weight and BMI of the male and female college students were 174.4cm, 67.8kg, 22.3kg/㎡ and 162.3cm, 52.1kg, 19.8kg/㎡, respectively. Male collage students perceived their health statuses significantly better compared to female students. As for self-evaluation of anemia, female college students perceived significantly more anemia symptoms compared to male college students. Female college students perceived their body image to be obese compared to male college students. Underweight college students perceived significantly less healthy statuses, more anemia symptoms, and worse hair conditions compared to other college students. The rate of male students who exercise was significantly higher compared to that of female students. Male students reported significantly more smoking and drinking of alcohol compared to female students. The rate of female college students skipping meals was significantly higher than that of male college students. Frequency of eating out in female college students was significantly higher compared to that in male students. These results may provide some basic information in developing a nutrition education program for Korean college students using Internet.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.57-73
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• 2000

A study on drug abuse of young people who failed in college entrance examinations and preparing the next examination and those enrolled at colleges but trying to transfer to other colleges was conducted from February 3 to May 31, 1999 in order to determine current drug abuse status of them and factors affecting their behavior related to drug abuse. A total of 1,771 people were selected from college entrance preparation institutes in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Taejon and Kwangju and interviewed by using questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows; 1. 49.78％ of them experienced drinking, 22.8％ smoking, and 6.7％ drug previously. More males smoked cigarettes than females. The young in the age group of 25 to 29 years old, and the young living in small towns, and subjects who finished junior colleges and those without religions drank more than those in other categories. The subjects in the age group of 20 to 24 years old and those with one parent, and those living in small towns used more drugs than those in other categories. 2. 60.1％ of those with drug using experience used the drug in their or friends' homes. 53.6％ of them used drugs with their friends, junior or senior classmates. 36.6％ of them purchased drugs from drug stores. 76.0％ of them spent their pocket money for buying drugs. 3. The drugs (excluding alcohol and tobacco) they used were bond and butane gas (29.6％), stimulants (20.6％), marijuana 02.0％) LSD (4.8％), cocaine, heroine and opium (4.2％), and others (28.8％). 4. 21.5％ of those with drug using experience had detoxification treatment previously. The ajmor sufferings they experienced were distraction (42.6％), fear 01.7％), and others. 5. 51.0％ of the subjects experienced drug related health education in schools, and 14.6％ had that kind of education through social program. 6. 64.3％ of the subjects got information about drug abuse through mass media, 16.4％ through printed materials, and 11.4％ through public health professionals. 7. The knowledge level of drug abuse was 16.48:1:2.76 points out of 24 (68.6 points out of 100).

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the consciousness health status and food habit for farmers in Korea. Eight hundred persons were surveyed by rural leader of RDA, composed with 35.1% of male and 64.9% of female. Data collection includes height weight and blood pressure by measuring method and personal & family situation by interview for influential factor of health status and food habit. The questionnaire was included dietary habit of salt, sugar, dietary fiber and fat intake and other behavior questions related with diet. The subjects were composed 32.5% of elementary school graduated and 50% of middle size farming. Of the all subjects, 54% of were rice planted farming mainly and 19 were over 65 year-aged group. In the concept of disease prevalence. gender difference was exist, liver and heart complains were more frequency in male and waist pain and urinary complain in female, shoulder pain and nervousness were frequently prevalent to all group of farmers. The hypertension prevalence of farmers were 16% by measuring blood pressure, but consciousness of hypertension was very low (5%). The correlation of health status with personal factors were analysed, body weight, number of family, education level, and working level were significant with CMI score and Farmers' syndrome score. The food habit status was negatively correlated with weight and BMI, age was negatively correlated with CMI score and farmers' syndrome. The consciousness of health status and food habit score were significantly correlated with smoking and alcohol drinking. It concludes that good food habit contribute wellness of health. Nutrition education for better food habit would be helpful on health status.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: College students are in transition from adolescence to adulthood, and it has been reported that they show poor dietary habits. This study was conducted to compare body image perception, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyles between Korean college students (KCS) and Mongolian college students (MCS). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 314 KCS and 280 MCS. The data includes results of self-administered questionnaires; statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. RESULTS: With regards to body image perception, KCS perceived themselves to be fatter on current body image than ideal body image compared to MCS; 64.0% of KCS and 34.6% of MCS desired to be thinner. Total score of nutrition knowledge in KCS (17.0) was significantly higher compared to MCS (8.4) (P < 0.001), but total score of dietary attitudes in KCS (27.0) was significantly lower compared to MCS (31.2) (P < 0.001). Nutrition knowledge had a significantly positive correlation with dietary attitudes in MCS (P < 0.01). Meal consumption among male and female subjects was 2 and 3 times, respectively, in order in KCS, and 3 and 2 times, respectively, in order in MCS (P < 0.001). Rate of skipping breakfast in both genders was significantly higher in KCS than in MCS (male: P < 0.05, female: P < 0.001). In health-related lifestyles, KCS had a significantly higher rate in frequency of alcohol drinking (P < 0.001), exercise (P < 0.01), and mobile phone usage (P < 0.001), compared to MCS. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that development of nutrition education program which is effective and proper is required to improve healthy dietary habits among college students of both countries. Essential contents should include acquirement of nutrition knowledge and a motivation for its application to actual life for KCS, and improvement of healthy dietary habits for MCS.