• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Akebiae Lignum herbal acupuncture(AL-HA) at $KI_{10}$ in acute nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats were divided into 5 groups and 4 groups were injected LPS to induce acute nephritis. Normal group was normal SD rat, LPS group was injected LPS, AL-HA group was treated with AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ three times for a week, needle prick(NP) group with 26 gauge needle and saline group with normal saline. To evaluate the effects of AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ on acute nephritis in rats, WBC, neutrophil in blood, BUN, TNF-${\alpha}$, CINC-1 in serum and urinary volume, total protein in urine, renal MPO were measured and renal tissue was analyzed. Results : AL-HA group significantly reduced WBC, neutrophil in blood, BUN in serum, total protein in urine and renal MPO. And AL-HA group reduced concentration of neutrophil on glomerulus than LPS group in histological analysis. Conclusions : AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on acute nephritis in LPS stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for acute nephritis in clinical field after further researches.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.209-219
• /
• 1996

This study examined the effect of alcohol(AL) and/or paraquat(PQ) on serum TSH, thyroid hormones and enzyme activities, and the protective effect of selenium(SE) againse alcohol and/or paraquat-induced thyroid toxicity in guinea pigs. The experomental group consisted of control, 15% alcohol(AL), 4ppm sodium selentite(SE), 200ppm paraquat(PQ), AL+PQ, AL+SE, PQ+SE and AL+PQ+SE mixed in drinking water-fed guinea pigs for 4 weeks. The morphological changes of thyroid gland were studies on paraffin-embedded sections stained with H-E stain. Body weight losses, high serum concentration in TSH and cholesterol, and low values on triiodothyronine($T_3$), thyrozine($T_4$), free $T_4$ and alkaline phosophatase(ALP) were produced in the groups fed AL and/or PQ. We also noted that AL+PQ-fed group was marked increase in serum TSH. In AL or AL+PQ-fed groups when cpmpared to control group had increased the ratio of thyroid weight to body weight(ratio Twt/Bwt), whereas the ratio Twt/Bwt was decresed in SE or PQ-fed groups. However, the serum TSH, $T_3$,$T_4$ free $T_4$ and cholesterol values, and the ratio Twt/Bwt were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL and/or Pq-fed groups, also ALP values were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL or AL+PQ-fed groups. In microscope, morphological changes showed a remarkable between the AL or PQ-fed group and controls. In AL+PQ+SE-fed guinca pig, follicular colloid is high density in thyroid follicle and increased in connective tissue around the thyroid cells, and thyroidal epithelia were composed of cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The indicated that the morphological changes of thyroid were direct action in the thyroid cell. The results of this study confirmed that the toxic effect of AL or PQ on thyroid occur independently of changes in liver function, and that SE confers marked protection against AL or PQ-induced thyroid toxicity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.234-249
• /
• 2002

This study was performed, using c-fos and Substance P, to investigate the effect of GaAlAs laser on acute pain model induced by wound in lumbar region's spinal level. The test group was divided into control and experimental group. Control group is shamed group(c-fos and substance P expression after non-irradiation by a GaAlAs laser), The experimental group was divided into two subgroups: one is experimental group I (c-fos expression after irradiation by a GaAlAs laser), and the other is experimental group II (substance P expression after irradiation by a GaAlAs laser). The results of this study were as following: 1. The numbers of c-fos immunoreactive neuron in spinal cord was increased markedly 1 day after wound, and decreased gradually from 1 day to 2 days in wound with GaAlAs laser irradiation. 2. The changes of the average percentages of substance P immunoreactive neurons in spinal cord was increased markedly 1 day after wound, and decreased gradually from 1 day to 2 days in wound with GaAlAs laser irradiation. Therefore, decreasing the changes of c-fos and substance P expression after irradiation by a GaAlAs laser indicates and GaAlAs laser have effect on pain control.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제37권9호
• /
• pp.787-792
• /
• 1993

$AlPO_4-5$ 분자체의 가교 OH 그룹에 대한 성질을 $AlPO_4-5$ 분자체의 구조 특성인 Al-O(P-O) 결합길이와 Al-O-P 결합각에 대한 관계를 알아보기 위하여 가교 $(OH)_3AlOP(OH)_3$ 와 $(OH)_3AlOHP(OH)_3^+$ 덩어리를 이용하여 반경험적 MNDO 계산 방법으로 연구하였다. 가교 OH 그룹의 O-H 결합해리에너지는 Al-O(P-O) 결합길이가 증가할수록, Al-O-P 결합각이 감소할수록 알 수 있었고, 가교 OH 그룹 생성은 Al-O(P-O) 결합길이가 길고, Al-O-P 결합각이 작은 가교 산소원자에서 형성된다는 것을 알았다. 또한 Al-O-P 결합각이 증가할수록 가교 산소원자의 음의 알짜전하는 증가하나 가교 수소원자의 양의 알짜전하는 감소함을 알았다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.137-154
• /
• 2006

Results: 1. In the AlPR-HA group, the incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In the AlPR-HA group, the levels of $IL-6,\;IFN-{\gamma},\;TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta},\;IgG,\;IgM,\;Anti-collagen\;II$ in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 3. In the AlPR-HA group, the levels of $IFN-{\gamma:,\;IFN-{\gamma}\;/IL-4$ in spleen cell culture of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 4. In the Hematoxylin and eosin stain, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the AIPR-HA group. 5. In the Masson's trichrome stain, the collagen fiber expressions were similar with that of the Normal group. 6. In the AlPR-HA group, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$ cell and $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes. 7. In the AlPR-HA group, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in the CIA mouse joint and $CD11a^+/CD19^+$ cells and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells in the CIA mouse lymph nodes were significantly decreased. 8. In the AIPR-HA group, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells were significantly decreased in the CIA mouse spleen cell and were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes. Conclusions: These results suggest that AlPR-HA at 51'36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 2014

The effect of $Al_2Ca$ on the oxidation resistance and tensile property of Al-5Mg alloys was investigated. According to the TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis) result at $550^{\circ}C$ after 24hrs, the Al-5Mg alloy showed parabolic behavior with weight gain. On the other hand, there was almost no difference in the weight changes of the $Al_2Ca$ added Al-5Mg alloys during the oxidation. It was thought that the improvement of oxidation resistance in $Al_2Ca$ added Al-5Mg alloys might be due to the formation of a protective oxide layer with CaO and MgO on the surface. The microstructures of the alloys showed grain refinement with an increasing $Al_2Ca$ content. From the tensile test, the yield strength of the alloys were improved with an increasing $Al_2Ca$ content. The 0.07 mass%$Al_2Ca$ added Al-5Mg alloy showed similar elongation and increased strength, simultaneously. It was considered that the addition of $Al_2Ca$, which was superior in the oxidation resistance of Al, reduced the formation of Mg oxides and inclusions during the alloying. This, partly led to the improvement of tensile properties.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2016

The properties of AlTiN films by a cathodic arc deposition process have been studied. Oblique angle deposition has been applied to deposit AlTiN films. AlTiN films have been deposited on stainless steel (SUS304) and cemented carbide (WC) at a substrate temperature of $500^{\circ}C$. AlTiN films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, glow-discharge light spectroscopy, micro-vickers hardness, and nanoindenter. When applying a current of 50 A to the cathodic arc source, it showed that the density of macroparticle of AlTiN films was 5 lower than other deposition conditions. With the increase of the bias voltage applied to the substrate up to -150 V, the density of macroparticle was decreased. The change of the $N_2$ flow rate during coating process made no influence on the film properties. For the multi-layered films, the film prepared at oblique angle of $60^{\circ}$ showed the highest hardness of 28 GPa and $H^3/E^2$ index of 0.18. AlTiN films have been shown a good oxidation resistance up to $800^{\circ}C$.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2002년도 International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.105-107
• /
• 2002

The device characteristics and the interface electronic structures of organic light-emitting devices based on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum were investigated with $Al/CaF_2$, Al/LiF, and Al-only cathodes. Similar to the Al/LiF cathode, the $Al/CaF_2$ cathode greatly improved the performance of the device over Al-only cathode. However, a photoelectron spectroscopy study revealed that despite the performance improvement, the evolution of the new peaks during $Al/CaF_2$ cathode formation closely resembled those of the Al-only cathode rather than the Al/LiF cathode.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate difference in shear bond strengths of full-contour zirconia layered with porcelain. Methods: Disk-shaped (diameter: 12.0 mm; height: 3.0 mm) zirconia were randomly divided into six groups according to the surface conditioning method to be applied (N=90, n=15 per group): group 1-contol group(ZC); group 2-airborne particle abrasion with $50-{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3(5A)$; group $3-50-{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$ + liner(5AL), group $4-110-{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3(1A)$; group $5-110-{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$ + liner(1AL); group 6-liner(LC). On each block, zirconia porcelain was build up according to manufacturer's instructions. All samples were fixed with measuring jigs and shear bond strength were measured with Universal testing machine. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Win 12.0 statistics program. Results: LC showed the highest value($29.92{\pm}2.55$ MPa) and ZC showed the lowest value($13.22{\pm}1.37$ MPa). Zirconia liner and Alumina oxide groups was significantly higher shear bond strength than control(p<0.05). 5A (without liner $22.18{\pm}2.37$, with liner $22.84{\pm}1.74$ MPa) was higher shear bond strength than $110{\mu}m$ (without liner $20.18{\pm}2.38$, with $20.71{\pm}2.67$). Conclusion: Surface treatments may have advantage in bond strength improvement for full-contour zirconia layered with porcelain.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.452-455
• /
• 2009

A cost-effective route to synthesize $\beta$-SiAlONs from Si mixtures by reaction bonding followed by post-sintering was investigated. Three different z values, 0.45, 0.92 and 1.87, in $Si_{6-z}Al_zO_zN_{8-z}$ without excess liquid phase were selected to elucidate the mechanism of SiAlON formation and densification. For RBSN (reaction-bonded silicon nitride) specimens prior to post-sintering, nitridation rates of more than 90% were achieved by multistep heating to $1400^{\circ}C$ in flowing 5%$H_2$/95%$N_2$; residual Si was not detected by XRD analysis. An increase in density was acquired with increasing z values in post-sintered specimens, and this tendency was explained by the presence of higher amounts of transient liquid phase at larger z values. Measured z values from the synthesized $\beta$-SiAlONs were similar to the values calculated for the starting compositions. Slight deviations in z values between measurements and calculations were rationalized by a reasonable application of the characteristics of the nitriding and post-sintering processes.