• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2011

During stamping processes, the air trapped between sheet metal and the die cavity can be highly compressed and ultimately reduce the shape accuracy of formed panels. To prevent this problem, vent holes and passages are sometimes drilled into the based on expert experience and know-how. CAE can be also used for analyzing the air behavior in die cavity during stamping process, incorporating both elasto-plastic behavior of sheet metal and the fluid dynamic behavior of air. This study presents sheet metal forming simulation combined simultaneously with simulation of air behavior in the die cavity. There are three approaches in modeling of air behavior. One is a simple assumption of the bulk modulus having a constant pressure depending on volume change. The next is the use of the ideal gas law having uniform pressure and temperature in air domain. The third is FPM (Finite point method) having non-uniform pressure in air domain. This approach enables direct coupling of mechanical behavior of solid sheet metal and the fluid behavior of air in sheet metal forming simulation, and its result provides the first-hand idea for the location, size and number of the vent holes. In this study, commercial software, PAM-$STAMP^{TM}$ and PAM-$SAFE^{TM}$, were used.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

여름철에 자연환기는 온실의 온도를 낮추는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 온실의 형태, 환기창 종류, 환기창의 위치 등은 자연환기 성능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 전산유체역학(CFD)을 이용하여 다양한 천창구조에 대하여 측창에 따른 부력환기 효과를 비교분석 하였다. Boussinnesq 가정을 사용하여 전체 계산영역에 대한 부력효과를 시뮬레이션 하였다. 또한 RNG $K-{\varepsilon}$ 난류모델을 사용하였다. 일사량 효과를 시뮬레이션 하기 위해 Solar ray tracing과 함께 Discrete originates (DO) radiation 모델을 사용하였다. 실험온실 내부의 온도를 측정하여 CFD모델을 검증하였으며, 실험값과 계산값이 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 7가지의 천창구조에 대하여 온실의 내외부 온도차이와 환기횟수를 비교하였다. 내외부온도의 차이는 $3.2{\sim}9.6^{\circ}C$ 범위로 나타났고, 환기횟수는 $0.33{\sim}0.49min^{-1}$ 범위로 나타났다. 고깔형 천창구조 온실의 경우 내외부 온도차이가 $3.2^{\circ}C$로 가장 낮았고 환기횟수도 $0.49min^{-1}$로 가장 높게 나타나 환기효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2014

The number of large scale greenhouses has recently been increasing to cope with mass consumption of agricultural product. Korean government announced a new development plan for constructing greenhouse complex in reclaimed lands for the purpose of improvement in exports and activation of domestic market of agricultural product. Wind environment in the reclaimed land is totally different from that of inland area, and it can give a strong influence on ventilation performance of naturally ventilated greenhouse facilities. In this study, internal airflow analysis of naturally ventilated greenhouse built on a reclaimed land was conducted using wind tunnel and PIV for validation research. Later, the PIV measured results will be used to improve the accuracy of 3 dimensional CFD simulation in the future. Wind profile at a reclaimed land was produced using ESDU program and it was applied to the wind tunnel. The calculated error was only 5% and 0.96 of correlation coefficient, implying that the computed profiles were designed properly. From the measured results, when external wind speed changed from $1m{\cdot}s^{-1}$ to $1.5m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, air velocities inside the greenhouse which PIV measured were also increased proportionately in case of both side vent open and side-roof vent open. Considering reduced ratio of air velocity inside the greenhouse, it was measured a minimum of 40% in case of side vent and 30% in case of side-roof vent compared with external wind speed from each vent type. From the quantitative and qualitative PIV analysis, the PIV measured results indicated that there were well ventilated and stagnant areas in the greenhouse according to external wind condition as well as ventilation design.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2012

벤트 혼합기는 혼합기 후류에 존재하는 재순환 영역으로 공기를 유입시켜 연료-공기 혼합을 증대시키는 혼합기이다. Stereoscopic PIV기법을 통해 얻은 3차원 속도, 와류, 난류운동에너지를 토대로 계단형 혼합기를 기본 모델로 하여 벤트 혼합기의 성능을 분석하였다. 벤트 혼합기는 두터운 전단층으로 인해 높은 침투거리를 보였으며, 난류운동에너지는 주로 주유동과 제트유동의 경계면을 따라 분포하였다. 이 난류 영역은 혼합영역 내에서 활발히 물질전달을 일으키며, 혼합 증대를 가져온다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.491-496
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• 2009

Recently, the high-rise building has been constructed competitively because it is symbol of the national competitive power including the technical power. The higher buildings are getting, the more important building mechanical systems are. So, the building mechanical systems are getting developed. Among the building mechanical systems, the sanitary system is basically necessary in order to maintain the building hygienically along with convenience and safety. This study has been investigated for various cases of high-rise building plumbing system. As a result, a variety of zoning method has been applied to most skyscrapers depending on the building height in the building mechanical system. And a variety of joint have been applied to minimize the Shortening and Sway. Also, the drainage in same uses has been discharged outside of a build through the one vertical pipe line. And airing system has been used like Individual Vent Pipe Yoke Vent Pipe Stack Vent Pipe Loop Vent Pipe Relief Vent Pipe method. It is sure that this study could be used as the high-rise building design.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2002

This study deals with the characterizing and the application like as insulation materials in the joint part in concrete surface layer and waterproofing sheet especially for roof slabs. Using steel materials and butil-rubber tape to band waterproofing sheet and concrete surface together before this waterproofing system will be applied. It can be expected to both the curability and the watertightness by coating poly-urethane 2 or 3 times with sheet surface. Therefore this waterproofing system can be possible to protect water without the damage when vapor is going out from concrete and without air pockets because of the difference temperature inside and out. This system particularly consists of air bents and elastic waterproofing sheet considering the physical damage while water can cause purely physical damage. This system is one of the most efficient ways of waterproofing system without air pocket.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spure designs and air vent on the relative castability of the nonprecious alloys, commonly used to make ceamometal restorations. Samples of total 30 were constructed and devided into 6 groups according to two variables, sprue design and air bent. The total number of completly cast squares was counted, verified, and recorded. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The runner bar or Rousseau designs yield better castability than reservoir design(P<0.1) 2. When the air vent was attached, only the castability of reservoir design was significantly different from runner bar or Rousseau designs.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1998

This study presents a numerical method for calculating gas flow around a sanitary landfill gas vent, when gas flows by pressure. The method described is a three-dimensional compartmental model and includes methods to determine the dimensions for the model. Using the numerical method, controll of press and gases flowing out to the air through final cover soil, and degine of sanitary landfill gas vents.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

초음속 연소에서 혼합 효율을 높이면서 전압력 손실을 줄일 수 있는 혼합기에 관한 연구가 수십 년동안 진행되어 왔으며, 본 논문에서는 이를 만족할 수 있는 새로운 개념의 혼합기를 고안하여 그 성능을 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 후면 계단 혼합기를 비교 대상으로 압력과 등밀도선, 유선구조를 분석하였다. 공동이나 탭에서 발생하는 충격파가 후류로 전파되는 것과 달리, 벤트 혼합기의 구멍에서 발생하는 충격파는 벤트 혼합기 끝단에서 형성되는 팽창파에 의해 전파되지 못하며, 후류부의 재순환 영역으로 인해 경계층이 증가하며 이로 인해 후면 계단 방식에 비해 약한 충격파가 형성된다. 따라서 충격파로 인한 전압력 손실을 줄일 수 있으며, 구멍을 통한 공기 유입은 다수의 재순환 영역을 형성하여 혼합 효율을 증대시킨다. 또한 후류부에서 유동 흐름이 전반적으로 안정화되는 것을 볼 수 있다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2024

Explosion experiments were conducted using a rectangular concrete structure filled with hydrogen-air mixture (29.0%). In addition, the effect of ignition location on explosion was investigated. The impact on overpressure and flame was increased with the increasing distance of the ignition source from the vent. Importantly, depending on the ignition location the incident pressure was up to 24.4 times higher, while the reflected pressure was 8.7 times higher. Additionally, a maximum external overpressure of 30.01 kPa was measured at a distance of 2.4 m from the vent, predicting damage to humans at the injury level (1% fatality probability). Whereas, no significant damage would occur at a distance of 7.4 m or more from the vent.