• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.591-596
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• 1995

In order to investigate the reduction of NO emissions, natural gas was fueled for two-stage combustion apparatus. NO and CO emissions were described by five variables: total air ratio, primary air ratio, secondary air injection position, secondary air injection velocity, and swirl ratio. It was mainly observed that, as the primary air ratios of 0 and 0.4 NO emission decreased with increasing the secondary air injection position and secondary air injection velocity. The effect of weak swirl on NO emission was found to be insignificant.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2005

A new burner configuration for a compact fuel-cell reformer with a high-temperature air combustion concept was numerically studied. The burner was designed for a 40 $Nm^3/hr$ hydrogen-generated reformer using natural gas-steam reforming method. In order to satisfy the primary requirements for designing a reformer burner (uniform distribution of temperature along the fuel processor walls and minimum heat losses from the reformer), the features of the present burner configuration included 1) a self-regenerative burner for an exhaust-gas-recirculation to apply for the high-temperature air combustion concept, and 2) an annular-type shield for protecting direct contact of flame with the processor walls. For the injection velocities of the recirculated gas of 0.6-2.4 m/s, the recirculated gas temperature of 1000 K, and the recirculated oxygen mole fraction of 4%, the temperature distributions along the processor walls were found uniform within 100 K variation. Thus, the present burner configuration satisfied the requirement for reducing temperature gradients along the processor walls, and consequently demonstrated that the high-temperature air combustion concept could be applied to the practical fuel reformers for use of fuel cells. The uniformity of temperature distribution is enhanced as the amount of the recirculated gas increases.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2016

현재 국내에서 가행 중인 석회석 광산은 자연환기력을 주된 환기방법으로 사용하고 있고, 대단면 굴착으로 매우 저속의 공기유동현상이 나타나고 있다. 이로 인하여 작업구간의 공기질이 매우 저하되어 있는 실정이다. 이러한 문제점들을 개선하기 위해서는 먼저 환기성능을 면밀하게 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 환기성능평가를 위해서 추적가스법을 적용하여 평가를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 추적가스법을 통해 매우 저속의 공기유동, 공기재순환현상, 작업장 공기교환율 등을 정량적으로 평가함에 따라서 연구광산의 환기문제점들을 정밀하게 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 추적가스법을 활용한 환기성능 평가방법은 광산의 작업환경 개선을 위하여 매우 정밀한 도구로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.473-474
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• 1999

일반적으로 NOx배출은 연소과정에 의해 강력하게 지배되고 있으며, NOx 저감 기술은 1970년대 후반부터 많은 연구들이 수행되어, 그 이론들이 확립되고 있다. 석탄 연소시스템에서는 공기 다단(air staging, OFA), 연료다단(fuel staging, reburning) 및 배기가스 재순환(FGR) 등이 대표적인 NOx 저감 기술이며 [1∼4], 그 중 배기가스 재순환법은 저산소 배기가스를 연소용 공기에 재혼입시키므로써 NO의 생성속도를 저하시켜 NOx를 저감시키는 기법이다.(중략)

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.186-186
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• 2007

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.42-50
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• 1998

The effect of swirl flows un the fuel spray characteristics were investigated for various swillers in a model combustor. The interaction between the flow field and fuel spray in the main combustion tone made by frontal devices including fuel injection nozzles and swirlers. which were characterized by flow velocities, fuel droplet sizes and their distributions which were measured by APV(Adaptive Phase/Doppler Velocimetry) under atmospheric condition at 320cc/min kerosine fuel flow and 0.04kg/sec air supply. A dual swirler with circumferential two-stage swirl vanes of $40^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$ vanes in different directions and two single-stage swillers of $40^{\circ}$ vanes with 12 and 16 vanes were tested. It was found that the dual swirler has the largest recirculating zone with highest reverse flow velocity. The strongest swirl flow was found at the boundary of recirculation zone. Small fuel droplets were observed in the main axial stream and inside the recirculation zone when swirling flow field were generated by the frontal devices. These findings could give the tips on the optimal design of frontal devices to realize low emissions in gas turbine combustion.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1998년도 제17회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.123-129
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• 1998

A numerical study has been conducted to investigate the effect of shock waves on the mixing and the recirculation zone of a hydrogen jet diffusion flame in a supersonic combustor. The general trends are compared with the experimental results obtained from the supersonic combustor at the University of Michigan. For the numerical simulation of supersonic diffusion flames, multi-species Navier-Stokes equations and detailed chemistry reaction equations of $H_2$-Air are considered. The $K-{\omega}/k-{\varepsilon}$ blended two equation turbulent model is used. Roe's FDS method and MUSCL method are used for convection fluxes in governing equations. Numerical results show that when slender wedges are mounted at the combustor wall the mixing and the combustion are enhanced and the size of recirculation zone is increased . The flame shape of supersonic flames is different in the flame-tip; it is not closed but open. The flame shape is shown to be greatly affected by shock waves.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2003

대기에 방치된 생석회의 상온에서 내수화성을 향상시키기 위해 생석회의 탄산화반응과 수화반응실험을 수행하였다. 제강공정에서 사용시까지 수화반응을 억제시키기 위해서는 생석회 표면을 약 6%정도 탄산화시킬 필요가 있었다. 생석회의 탄산화를 위한 회전로 배가스 재순환이 평형연소온도 및 NOx농도에 미치는 영향을 열역학적으로 계산한 결과, 배가스 부피 백분율이 증가함에 따라 연소온도와 NOx농도는 감소하였다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2015

In this study, the CH4/air lean-rich combustion system with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was investigated to explore the potential for lowering pollutant emissions. To achieve this purpose, experiments of lean-rich combustion system with EGR were conducted to measure the changes in the characteristics of the pollutant emission and flame shape with various equivalence ratios and EGR rates. Here, this study was applied to the fuel distribution ratio of 3:1 for the formation of the lean and rich flames. Additionally, the results were compared with $CH_4$/air lean premixed combustion system. The results show that flame shape of lean-rich combustion system was determined by lean and rich equivalence ratios (${\Phi}_L$ and ${\Phi}_R$) and stratified flame was formed with increasing ${\Phi}_R$. According to the pollutant emission characteristics based on experimental results, the NOx and CO emission index (EINOx and EICO) decreased with increasing EGR rate. Especially, in the range needed to form a stable flame, the reduction rates of EINOx and EICO were approximately 47% and 48% for an EGR rate of 25%, global equivalence ratio of 0.85 and ${\Phi}_L$ of 0.80 compared with lean premixed combustion system (${\Phi}$ = 0.78).

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2011

고분자 전해질막 연료전지에서 공급 기체의 가습은 연료전지의 효율과 수명 향상 측면에서 필수적이다. 기존의 고분자 전해질막 연료전지의 가습 방법으로 물 분사나 막가습기, 엔탈피 휠 등이 사용되었다. 하지만, 이러한 외부 가습 방법은 시스템 부피를 크게 하고 고출력 구간에서 가습량이 부족한 단점이 있다. 가습 장치의 효율과 전체 연료전지 시스템 효율을 높이려면, 연료전지의 고온다습한 배출기체로부터 열과 수분을 회수할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 연료전지의 고온다습한 배출공기를 재순환하여 공급공기를 1 차로 가습하고 소형의 막가습기로 2 차 가습하는 복합가습에 대한 해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 그리고 최적의 가습 시스템 설계를 위한 새로운 방법을 제안하였다.