• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

The development of the high-efficiency machine-tools equipment and new cutting tool materials with high hardness, heat- and wear-resistance has opened the way to application of high-speed cutting process. The basic argument of using of high-speed cutting processes is the reduction of time and the respective increase of machining productivity. In this sense, the spindle units may be regarded as one of the most important units, directly affecting many parameters of high-speed machining efficiency. One of the possible types of spindle units for high-speed cutting is the air-bearing type. In this paper, we propose the mathematical model of the dynamic behavior of the air-bearing spindle. To provide the high-level of speed capacity and spindle rotation accuracy we need the adequate model of "spindle-bearings" system. This model should consider characteristics of the interactions between system components and environment. To find the working characteristics of spindle unit we should derive the equations of spindle axis movement under the affecting factors, and solve these equations together with equations which describe the behavior of lubricant layer in bearing (bearing stiffness equations). In this paper, the three influence coefficients are introduced, which describe the center of spindle mass displacement, angle of shaft rotation around the axes under the unit force application and that under the unit torque application. These coefficients are operated in the system of differential equations, which describes the spindle axis spatial movement. This system is solved by Runge-Kutta method. Obtained trajectories and amplitude-frequency characteristics were then compared to experimental ones. The analysis shows good agreement between theoretical and experimental results, which confirms that the proposed model of air-bearing spindle is correctis correct

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.240-247
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• 2007

The design process of the dental handpiece is described. The parameters of the high speed air turbine are estimated. The effect of supply hole on the stiffuess and damping of the air bearing for handpiece is studied numerically. The Reynolds equation is solved by using the divergence formulation and the perturbation method. The test rig is built and the test procedure is developed for the turbine rotational speed measurement by using Fourier transform of noise generated by the turbine during steady operation.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1994

An analysis based on the narrow groove theory is not suitable for the case of insufficient number of grooves or of non-rectangular shaped grooves. In this study, we present the solution of the compressible Reynolds equation for the air-lubricated hydrodynamic herringbonegrooved journal bearing with circular shaped grooves. From the results calculated numerically, optimal design values are obtained for the herringbone-grooved journal bearing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-128
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• 1994

A high speed spindle system for machine tools can be used to reduce the machining time, to improve the machining accuracy, to perform the machining of light metals and hard materials, and to unite the cutting and grinding processes. In this study, a high speed spindle system is developed by applying the oil-air lubrication method, angular contact ball bearings, injection nozzles with dual orifices, cooling jacket and so on. And an air cooling experiment for evaluating the performance of the spindle system is carried out. Especially, in ofder to establish the air cooling conditions related to the development of a high speed spindle system, the effects of cooling air pressure, oil supply rate, air supply rate and rotational spindle speed are studied and discussed on the bearing temperature rise and frictional torque. Also the effects of cooling air pressure, rotational spindle speed and spindle system structure is investigated on the bearing temperature distribution. The experiment on the test model reveals the usefulness of the air cooling method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.541-548
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• 2008

To improve the operational stability of the 100 Watts class Micro Gas Turbine, the air foil bearing with additional damping material has been investigated. The key of structure is that a viscoelastic material is coated under the top foil. The compliant foil journal bearing and thrust bearing are designed to withstand high load of vibrations at the operational speed 870,000 rpm. Test is executed in room temperature. Rotor has stably operated above 480,000 rpm. It is over 55% of the designed speed 870,000 rpm. Synchronous and subsynchronous vibrations are both well controlled. Vibration amplitude diminished over 50%. With the help of increased damping resulting from the viscoelasticity, the rotor stability of Micro turbocharger has been improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2009

Recently, a high speed cutting is essential requirement to satisfy latest demand of high precision product and machining of hard materials. However heat generation by high speed rotation causes many problems. The machining error and shortening spindle lifetime by thermal stress is typical example. Generation of heat is mostly caused by sliding at the rotor and bearing. For minimization of heat generation at bearing, decision of the condition of proper lubrication is necessary. The thermal study about 40,000rpm spindle by changing the condition of oil-air lubrication method is carried out in this paper. The results of this paper can be used effectively in the decision of oil-air lubrication condition of other types of spindle for machine tools.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.1026-1031
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• 2001

In this paper. the dynamic characteristics of a super high-speed tilting-pad air bearing(TPGB) used in a turbo expander with high expansion ratio are analyzed. The dynamic behavior and stability of a rotary system supported by two journal air bearings are investigated numerically. The transient response of the shaft is obtained by simultaneously solving the equation of motion of the shaft and the dynamic Reynolds equation. The stiffness and damping coefficients of the bearing are calculated from the loading coefficients of the bearing are calculated from the loading capacity. shaft velocity and displacement by using a curve fitting method. The natural frequencies of the 1st and 2nd rigid modes can be calculated from these coefficients. The theoretical method of a rigid rotor system is verified by experimentsut.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.5-10
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.119-122
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• 2005

A study on motor current signature analysis has been executed for monitoring the fault of journal bearing due to wear. The air gap eccentricity of motor produces specific frequencies in motor current, the supplied current frequency plus and minus rotational rotor frequency. The air gap eccentricity is simulated by the clearance of Journal bearing. The amplitudes of the specific frequencies increase with the increasing clearances. The amplitudes of the specific frequencies continue to increase over the wear limit that is used in the manufacturer of the test motor. Though clear relations between the amplitudes of the specific frequencies and the clearances are not obtained in this paper, the specific frequencies can be used as an indicator of a journal bearing fault. Further study is necessary to make out the quantitative relations between the specific frequencies and the clearances.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of the shape error of a guideway on the movement of a stage that uses an air bearing is analyzed. The shape error of moving parts supported by the air bearing is known not to affect the vibrations of moving parts as much as the magnitude of the shape error. This is called the "averaging effect." In this study, the effect of shape error on a guideway, as well as the averaging effect of an air-bearing system, is analyzed theoretically using a dynamic-analysis program. The dynamic-analysis program applies a commercially available code in COMSOL and solves the Reynolds equation between the stage and the guideway, along with the equation of motion of the stage. The stage is modeled as a two-degree-of-freedom system. The shape error is applied to the film thickness function in the form of a sine wave. The stage movement is analyzed using the fast Fourier transform process. The eccentricity and tilting are found to be proportional to the amplitude of the shape error of the guideway. Stage vibrations are less than 10% of the amplitude of the shape error on the guideway. This means that the averaging effect of the air bearing is verified quantitatively. Moreover, if the air supply position matches the shape error in the guideway, there is a notable change in eccentricity and tilting.