• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was intended to identify hazard contribution by region, media, and chemical by calculating a hazard-based index using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: PRTR data for the period 2011 to 2016 was analyzed to examine the regional trends in toxic releases in terms of quantity and to create a corresponding hazard-based index. For the hazard-based index, the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Model was used. Results: The results of the trend analysis show that total releases decreased slightly, but health hazard levels increased consistently. According to the outcome of regional contribution analysis of the hazard-based index, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeonggi-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index for air and water release pollutants, while Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index of soil release and waste transfer pollutants. Also, as a result of the analysis of the top ranked substances in the hazard-based index, it was found that chromium, cobalt and its compounds, and ethylene oxide contributed greatly to air release substances, while chromium, benzene, and lead and its compounds contributed greatly to water release substances. Conclusion: These results showed considerable disparities between total release and health hazard levels, especially in the analysis of contribution by regions and by chemical substance. Therefore, the hazard-based index should be used both to support a more comprehensive and robust approach to screening of chemicals for environmental health policy and for management.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2005

In the summer, the irradiated solar heat gain through the roof has an effect on the thermal environment of the top floor units of apartment houses. This paper investigated the differences of the indoor air temperature, globe temperature and thermal comfort index between the top floor unit and the middle floor unit by measuring them at the sample units on the condition that all the openings of the units are opened. The purpose of this paper is to provide quantitative data about the irradiated solar heat gain during the summertime through the roof of an apartment house and these data to be the source to reevaluate the appropriate roof insulation efficiency. From this study, we obtained three brief results as follows. Indoor air temperature difference between the two sample units shifts a day. Indoor air temperature at the top floor unit is $0{\sim}1.8^{\circ}C$ higher than that of the middle floor unit from 12:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. and $0{\sim}2.8^{\circ}C$ lower from 12:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. The evaluation of the indoor thermal comfort index and the globe temperature shows similar results as the indoor air temperature measuring. Results of this experiment verified the actual existence of indoor air temperature difference between the top floor unit and the middle one and this difference comes from the heat storage of the roof.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.918-927
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• 2018

Based on the actual operating environment of transformer, the aging tests of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were conducted systematically under four conditions: in air, in transform oil, under compression in air and under compression in transform oil to studythe effect of high temperature, transform oil and compression stress simultaneously on the thermal aging behaviors of nitrile butadiene rubber and predict the lifetime. The effects of liquid media and compression stress simultaneously on the thermal aging behaviors of nitrile butadiene rubber were studied by using characterization methods such as IR spectrosc-opy, thermogravimetric measurements, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements and mechanical property measurements. The changes in physical properties during the aging process were analyzed and compared. Different aging conditions yielded materials with different properties. Aging at $70^{\circ}C$ under compression stress in oil, the change in elongation at break was lower than that aging in oil, but larger than that aging under compression in air. The compression set or elongation at break as evaluation indexes, 50% as critical value, the lifetime of NBR at $25^{\circ}C$ was predicted and compared. When aging under compression in oil, the prediction lifetime was lower than in air and under compression in air, and in oil. It was clear that when predicting the service lifetime of NBR in oil sealing application, compression and media liquid should be involved simultaneously. Under compression in oil, compression set as the evaluation index, the prediction lifetime of NBR was shorter than that of elongation at break as the evaluation index. For the life prediction of NBR, we should take into account of the performance trends of NBR under actual operating conditions to select the appropriate evaluation index.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1993

As the environmental concerns have shifted gradually from the environmental pollutions to the Quality of Life (QOL) enhancement, it has become increasingly important to implement comprehensive assessment of environmental quality for public information as well as decision making. This study focuses on development of PEI(Public Environment Index) which has purposes to improve regional environment and analyzes the status of environment by public as one kind of environmental indices. Factors of PEI calculations are air, water, noise, green space and landscape. Factors are composed of 20 items including soiling and odor. Major contents are calculation of PEI, correlation analysis of factors and items of PEI, regression analysis of PEI and objective environmental indicators prepared as a dong unit, and PEI presentation using GIS. Also, for applying PEI effectively, environmental information as a dong unit is to be collected and managed periodically.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.142-143
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.870-878
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• 2003

The maintenance of thermal equilibrium between the human body and its environment is one of the primary requirements for health, wellbeing and comfort. For the effective control of indoor thermal environment, thermostat or humidistat is used. But, it is not sufficient to control the indoor thermal environment using only one or two parameters as human response for the indoor comfortable environment. So an environmental thermal index is required for the control of indoor thermal environment effectively. In this study, a PMV sensor has been developed which has integrated from various kinds of individual sensors for temperature, humidity, air velocity, radiant temperature. After applying the PMV and PPD equation, it is possible to monitor the indoor thermal environment with the sensor system, which is adopted to the circuit for optimization according to the human response with the metabolic rate and activities. The measurement was carried out to verify the performance of the integrated sensor system in comparison with existing measurement system, the PMV meter. As a result, the possibility of applying the PMV sensor to control the indoor thermal environment simultaneously was examined.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.891-902
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• 2007

This paper aims to develop a Korea wind chill temperature index using an experimental method. For this, the researchers carried out a preliminary experiment in order to of for provisions necessary for the selection and safety of test participants, accuracy of experiment, and readiness for various situations that may occur during experiment. The researchers also investigated test subjects' safety and experiment conditions in which wind speed changes from calm condition into strong wind speed condition under the constant air temperature of $5^{\circ}C$. The results of this study are as follows. With regard to the variation of facial skin temperature such as forehead, cheek, nose, and chin, the skin temperature of cheek closely appears to depend on the change of air temperature and wind speed, exhibit a stable variation trend of skin temperature, and indicate the lowest temperature than any other facial parts. The skin temperature of women tends to be more sensitive than that of man and the skin temperature of human tends to decrease at weak wind speed under constant air temperature. It was also found that it is not necessary to take the influence of standard wind speed into consideration when a wind chill index is developed.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

When it comes to commercial vehicles, their unique characteristics - center of gravity, size, weight distribution - make them particularly vulnerable to rollover. On top of that, conventional heavy vehicle brake exhibits longer actuation delays caused in part by long air lines from brake pedal to tires. This paper describes rollover prevention algorithm that copes with the characteristics of commercial vehicles. In regard of compensating for high actuating delay, predicted rollover index with short preview time has been designed. Moreover, predicted rollover index with longer preview time has been calculated by using road curvature information based on environment information. When rollover index becomes larger than specific threshold value, desired braking force is calculated in order to decrease the index. At the same time, braking force is distributed to each tire to make yaw rate track desired value.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.15-19
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• 2020

Purpose: This research aims to explore the level of air pollution in Jakarta, the epicenter of COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia and its surrounding provinces during the first month of the Pandemic. Research design, data and methodology: This study uses data, which have been obtained real time from API (Application Programming Interfaces) of air quality website. The measurements of Air Quality Index (AQI), temperature, humidity, and other factors from several cities and regencies in Indonesia were obtained eight times a day. The data collected have been analyzed using descriptive statistics and mapped using QGIS. Results: The finding of this study indicates that The Greater Jakarta Area experienced a decrease in pollutant levels, especially in the Bogor area. Nevertheless, some areas, such as the north Jakarta, have exhibited slow reduction. Furthermore, the regions with high COVID-19 confirmed cases have experienced a decline in AQI. Conclusions: The study concludes that the air quality of three provinces, Jakarta, Banten, and West Java, especially in cities located in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area during COVID-19 pandemic and large-scale social restrictions, is getting better. However, in some regions, the reduction of pollutant concentrations requires a longer time, as it was very high before the pandemic.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.357-358
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• 1999

대기오염에 대한 일반인의 관심이 증가되면서 이를 충족하기 위해 대기오염도 전광판, 오염 경보제, 신문 및 방송의 보고 등 여러 가지 방안이 제시되고 있다. 이들 매체를 통하여 전달되는 정보는 대개 대기오염 규제항목의 측정 실측치가 기준치와 함께 제시되어 현재 오염도가 기준을 초과하고 있는지의 여부만이 판단되고 있다.(중략)