• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.557-565
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• 2009

Effects of the addition of kimchi powder on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of semi-dried sausages were investigated at the following kimchi powder concentrations: control (0%), T1 (1%), T2 (2%), and T3 (3%). pH of the semi-dried sausages containing kimchi powder decreased with the addition of kimchi (p<0.05). Also, the addition of kimchi powder to the sausages significantly decreased the CIE $L^*$ and increased the CIE $a^*$ and CIE $b^*$ values (p<0.05). The T3 treatment resulted a higher mositure lose than other treatments. TBARS values of the T2 and T3 groups were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control, while T3 had the highest VBN value among treatments at the end of the storage period. Addition of kimchi powder to semi-dried sausages improved the overall sensory properties of the sausages, and increased the softness and tenderness. These results suggest that addition of 2% kimchi powder to semi-dried sausage is helpful to improve the quality of sausages.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.548-558
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare eating habits and food attitudes between depressed and normal adults. The subjects were selected (n = 6217) from those who participated in the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). The subjects were divided into the depressed (DG, n = 841) and normal groups (NG, n = 3969). DG was those who have depression now or who have experienced depressing feelings more than two weeks or per year. The general characteristics, anthropometric measurement, eating habits, the dietary guideline recognition and practices were compared by using chi-square test and t-test. Also the partial correlations were analyzed by SAS (Statistical analysis system, version 9.1) program. There was a significantly higher rate of DG among the female (74.32%), with low education (44.6%) and low-income (32.0%) subjects (p < 0.001). DG showed significantly lower snacking and dining out. There was significantly higher rate of DG who responded "none" in frequency of snack (27.10%) and dining out (29.50%) (p < 0.001). Also DG showed significantly lower rate of the subjects who ate with the family than NG. Also, DG showed significantly lower dietary guideline recognition level and practice than NG. Correlation between depression symptom and various factors showed that positive correlation with low snack intake and dining out frequencies. However, correlation was relatively weak. In conclusion, eating habits and recognition levels and practice of dietary guidelines of DG were significantly different from NG. DG showed significantly lower frequencies of snack, dining out, and eating with family.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2000

This study tried to suggest the basic materials that can be efficiently applied in clinical cases by understanding problems through a content analysis of an adult nursing assessment tool and opinion agreement about nurse's practical usage presently used in the hospital. The study was carried out in 36 attached hospitals in nationwide universities from May to December, 1999, the two hundred and twenty five reports were for analysis. The contents of the collected nursing assessment tool were analyzed. It was found that the tool had been used with various names and content and there were instances of partial omission of a number of items, such as documentation and time records. Other results revealed that they mostly had a systematic classification of items, formation of details a form of a check list, and the effect of saving time. In spite of the adult nursing assessment tool, it was suggested that its style be subdivided according to the specialized of a department and that standardized style be amended and supplemented. The respondents also answered that there had to be education about continuous and sufficient health assessment skills on the physical examination record. The most frequently suggested items to be added were: past history, marital status, patient and caregiver's address and telephone number. It was found that a patient's education career, economic status, religion, hygienic practice, sexual life and hobby were the most frequently omitted items on record. The reason given wes because the items were associated with his/her privacy. These results highlight the importance of analyzing the content with an complete data collection, supplying basic content for a more accurate nursing record, computerization, sharing information and standardization of the form.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), fracture mode, wire pull out (WPO) resistance and microleakage between low-shrinking and conventional composites used as a lingual retainer adhesive. Methods: A total of 120 human mandibular incisor teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were collected. Sixty of them were separated into two groups. To determine the SBS, either Transbond-LR (3M-Unitek) or Silorane (3M-Espe) was applied to the lingual surface of the teeth by packing the material into standard cylindrical plastic matrices (Ultradent) to simulate the lingual retainer bonding area. To test WPO resistance, 20 samples were prepared for each composite where the wire was embedded in the composite materialand cured. Then tensile stress was applied until failure of the composite occurred. The remaining 60 teeth were divided into two groups and multi-stranded 0.0215-inch diameter wire was bonded with the same composites. Microleakage was evaluated by the dye penetration method. Statistical analyses were performed by Wilcoxon, Pearson chi-square, and Mann-Whitney-U tests at p < 0.05 level. Results: The SBS and WPO results were not statistically significant between the two groups. Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of fracture mode (p < 0.001). Greater percentages of the fractures showed mix type failure (85%) for Silorane and adhesive (60%) for Transbond-LR. Microleakage values were lower in low-shrinking composite than the control and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low-shrinking composite produced sufficient SBS, WPO and microleakage values on the etched enamel surfaces, when used as a lingual retainer composite.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.564-572
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. Method: Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. Result: The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.112-131
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to know experiences and process of patients' healing relation with nurses. This study had been conducted from July to September in 1994. The subjects were 7 patients who had hospitalized within 10 days at general surgery unit in C university hospital. The data were collected through in-depth interview and observation on the basis of Grounded Theory. In-depth interview were performed 3-6 times for each patient and taken 10-15 minutes at once. The result were as follows : (1) The main concepts are worry to operation, worry to hospital environment, worry to their children, worry to nurses, general appraisal, appraisal of appearance, appraisal of attitude, appraisal of nurses' response, appraisal of nurses' help, interest to patients, appraisal of explanation, appraisal of direct nursing, appraisal of nursing role, appraisal of nursing fairness, empathy, feeling of jung, discontent exposure, content, rapport. (Jung is a unique feeling that appeared in only korean culture) (2) The main categories are worry, general appraisal, concrete appraisal, empathy, and rapport. (3) These process is worry, appraisal, empathy, and rapport in the order. (4) The core category is the need of relation formation. The hospitalized patients have had need of relation formation with nurses. In order to satisfy this need, patients in the early of hospitalization had the worries to nurses, hospital environment, their children and themselves. The more patients have information about themselves, the more they have worries. In addition to, patients have general appraisal through the first impression or feeling to nurses. A time goes by, general appraisal has changed concrete appraisal. High educated group (above bachelor degree) have expressed concretely and variousely their needs. The patients who have empathy to nurses are content with nurses and form rapport to be shown frankly thier discontents. Therefore, patients' healing relation formation is the process of being filled up the need of relation formaton with Nurses. As mentioned above, researcher suggests that nurses need study nursing strategies to make earlier the last phase of the healing relation formation, rapport.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.260-268
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the effects of added rice bran fiber on the physicochemical and sensory characterization of blood sausage. Blood sausages were supplemented with rice bran fiber at levels of 0% (control), 1%, 2%, and 3%. The moisture, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of treatments with added rice bran fiber were higher than those of controls (p<0.05). The pH, lightness, redness, and yellowness of uncooked as well as cooked blood sausages increased with increasing addition levels of rice bran fiber levels, but energy values were lower in blood sausage treatments with containing rice bran fiber than that of controls (p<0.05). As the increase levels of rice bran fiber in blood sausage the energy levels were decreased (p<0.05). All sensory scores of treatments containing rice bran fiber were higher than controls, and the highest overall acceptability was attained when 2% rice bran fiber was added to blood sausage. The blood sausage with 2% rice bran fiber can be manufactured with high quality characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.349-359
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find the experiences to be cared of nursing students in the teaching-learning process of nursing education and provided the fundamental data of nursing education. For this study, the analytical theory of Benner's Interpretive Phenomenology was applied and the research question was 'How do the nursing students to be cared in the teaching-learning process of nursing education?' All 64 junior and senior nursing students who volunteered for this study were interviewed. The data was collected by open-ended audiotaped interview or written descriptions of situations they had experienced with a caring faculty member. All the contents of interview were recorded while interviewing with the each participants from the April 1998 to September 2000. The conclusions, obtained from the study on experiences to be cared of nursing students, were as follows ; 1. The nursing students considered the relationship with professor as very important matter. 2. The significant and important themes to nursing student be cared in the teaching-learning process of nursing education were Concern, Support, Information and Acceptance. 3. The result of this study explained the content and stage of nursing education applying 4 themes, therefore its practical use as material of nursing education was considered. Based on this study, the practical use of this results as nursing education data and the experimental study for measuring the effect of caring in the teaching-learning process of nursing education were suggested.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.435-438
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the serum lipid and cholesterol lowering effects of kimchi powder or Lactobacillus plantarum when added to fermented sausage in rats. Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were divided in three groups and administered with the following diets for 6 wk: non-fermented sausage added diets (CON), kimchi fermented sausage added diets (KIM), and Lactobacillus plantarum fermented sausage added diets (PLA). The CON has significantly (p<0.05) higher food intake, body weight gains, and final body weight than the other two groups. The body weight of KIM was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the other groups. The weights of organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, perirenal adipose tissue, and epididymal adipose tissue) were not affected by any treatments. The mean value of serum triglycerides (TG) concentration in KIM and PLA groups was not significantly different compared with CON. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein levels in serum of KIM were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of CON. The serum free cholesterol level and atherogenic index (AI) in KIM and PLA were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementations with kimchi powder fermented sausages or L. plantarum fermented sausages were effective for lowering serum lipid, cholesterol levels and atherogenic index in rats.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.495-505
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop 360 feedback for nursing unit manager based on the current personnel evaluation system and to evaluate the new tool according to evaluation subjects. Total of 277 subjects of nurse unit managers and staff nurses were participated in this study. Method: The study was conducted in three phases each for development, application, and analysis of 360 feedback. SAS program was utilized for data analysis with descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance. Result: The evaluation criteria of the developed 360 feedback tool consisted of 13 subscales such as professional knowledge, apprehension & judgement, job performance, applicability, creativity, leadership, responsibility, promptness & accuracy, administrative ability & sense of mission, activeness, cooperation, communicability, and general attitude. The internal consistency of the tool was Cronbach's alpha .939. The evaluation score by! peers(M=4.30) was the highest one, followed by self-evaluation(M=4.23), evaluation by supervisor(M=4.17), and evaluation by subordinate(M=4.10). The differences in the total evaluation scores among the subjects supervisor, self, peer, and subordinate were not statistically significant, but significant differences were found in some subscales scores. Conclusion: Further research is required to test the reliability and validity of the $360^{\circ}$ feedback tool, and to test the outcome and the process of $360^{\circ}$ feedback system.