• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 2007

A biochemical characterization of the tannases from Paecilomyces variotii (produced at Unicamp), Aspergillus niger (purchased from Industrial Kerry Bio-Science) and A. niger cnpat 001 (purchased from Embrapa Agroindustrial Tropical-Brazil) was carried out. P variotii is a new strain obtained from the screening of 500 fungi that were tested for their production of tannase. The biochemical properties of this new tannase from P variotii were determined and compared with those of two other tannase preparations. The tannase produced from P. variotii showed optimum activity at pH 6.5. The functional temperature range of the tannases was from $20-70^{\circ}C$, with optima at $70^{\circ}C$ for P. variotii and at $60^{\circ}C$ for the commercially obtained tannase, whereas A. niger cnpat 001 showed optimum activity at $40^{\circ}C$. The effects of 1 mM preparations of cations and anions, inhibitors, surfactants, and chelators on the tannase activity from P. variotii were also studied.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2017

Innovations in the biofiltration process can provide effective solutions to overcome crucial water pollution problems. The elimination of pollutants is a result of the combined effects of biological oxidation, adsorption and filtration processes. This research aims to evaluate the performance of quartz sand biofiltration for removing total suspended solids, turbidity, color, organic matter, and ammonium from polluted river water and develop an empirical model for designing quartz sand biofilters for the treatment of polluted river water. Experiments were conducted using two biofilter units filled with quartz sand as filter media. A set of experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of hydraulic retention time on biofilter performance in removing water contaminants. The kinetics of organic matter removal were also determined to describe the performance of the biofilter. The results show that biofiltration can significantly remove river water pollutants. Removal efficiency depends on the applied hydraulic retention time. At a hydraulic retention time of two hours, removal efficiencies of total organics, ammonium and total suspended solids were up to 78%, 82%, and 91%, respectively. A model for designing quartz sand biofiltration has been developed from the experimental data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.473-482
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• 2013

The desulfurization ability of Sphingomonas subarctica T7b was evaluated using resting and immobilized cells with dibenzothiophene (DBT), alkyl DBTs, and commercial light gas oil (LGO) as the substrates. The resting cells of S. subarctica T7b degraded 239.2 mg of the initial 250 mg of DBT/l (1.36 mM) within 24 h at $27^{\circ}C$, while 127.5 mg of 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP)/l (0.75 mM) was formed, representing a 55% conversion of the DBT. The DBT desulfurization activity was significantly affected by the aqueous-to-oil phase ratio. In addition, the resting cells of S. subarctica T7b were able to desulfurize alkyl DBTs with long alkyl chains, although the desulfurization rate decreased with an increase in the total carbon number of the alkylated DBTs. LGO with a total sulfur content of 280 mg/l was desulfurized to 152 mg/l after 24 h of reaction. Cells immobilized by entrapment with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) exhibited a high DBT desulfurization activity, including repeated use for more than 8 batch cycles without loss of biodesulfurization activity. The stability of the immobilized cells was better than that of the resting cells at different initial pHs, higher temperatures, and for DBT biodesulfurization in successive degradation cycles. The immobilized cells were also easily separated from the oil and water phases, giving this method great potential for oil biodesulfurization.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2022

The discarding of wastes into the environment is a significant problem for many communities. Still, food waste can be used for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) growth. Here, we evaluated three growth media equivalent to de Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS), using apple bagasse, yeast waste, fish flour, forage oats, and cheese whey. Cell-free supernatants of eight LAB strains were tested for antimicrobial activity against nine indicator microorganisms. The supernatants were also evaluated for protein content, reducing sugars, pH, and lactic acid concentration. Cell-free supernatants from fish flour broth (FFB) LAB growth were the most effective. The strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides PIM5 presented the best activity in all media. L. mesenteroides CAL14 completely inhibited L. monocytogenes and strongly inhibited Bacillus cereus (91.1%). The strain L. mesenteroides PIM5 consumed more proteins (77.42%) and reducing sugars (56.08%) in FFB than in MRS broth (51.78% and 30.58%, respectively). Culture media formulated with agroindustrial wastes positively improved the antimicrobial activity of selected LAB, probably due to the production of antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.449-459
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• 1999

Non-conventional roughage (NCR) is shrub and tree fodders, crop residues and agroindustrial oy-products which is not commonly used as livestock feed traditionally and commercially. Eventhough many sources of NCR is available, the farmers perceptions on NCR not only vary from country to country in tropical and sub-tropical Asian-Australasian countries, but also vary from region to region within the country. Chemical composition and nutritive value of NCR are not only vary from species to species but also vary between species within the genera, between provenances/cultivars within the species and such variations are affected by season, climatic zone, topography and land utilization. The nutritive value of NCR can be improved by physical, chemical and biological treatments and conservation. Feeding NCR to ruminant and non-ruminant is not only improve performance of the livestock but also economically feasible. Future direction of NCR is inventarization, exchange information through NCR information centre, integration with either agrisilvicultural, agrisilvipastoral or silvipastoral system, and use of genetic engineering to produce high quality NCR that ultimately become conventional roughage for agroindustry and agribissiness.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to utilize rice bran, the main waste product of paddy processing, in xanthan gum production by Xanthomonas campestris fermentation. Deffated rice bran was enzymatically hydrolyzed using cellulase, gluco-amylase, alpha-amylase and xylanase at various pHs and temperatures within 0-12 h. The highest sugar content reached at $35^{\circ}C$, pH 5.5 in 6 h with 41.66%. The enzymatic hydrolysate was used as the carbon source for xanthan gum production by X. campestris NRRL B-1459 and X. campestris pv. campestris. The highest productivities obtained were 21.87 and 17.10 g/L, respectively. Viscosity measurement for the obtained xanthan gums and commercial gum was carried out in gum solutions at various pHs and temperatures. The highest viscosity was reached with 1% gum solutions at $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5 for all gums with viscosity values of 470, 131 and 138 mPa sec, respectively. This work has provided relevant scientific information about the use of rice bran, an abundant agroindustrial residue, to produce xanthan gum.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.953-961
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dorsal cranial myopathy (DCM) on chicken meat quality. Methods: Sixty-six Ross 308 AP broilers, 47 days old, of both sexes, weighing about 3.51 kg, were slaughtered according to standard industrial practices, and evaluated for meat color, pH, chemical composition, collagen content, fatty acid profile, and histopathological parameters. Comparisons between normal and DCM-affected meat were performed using Student's t-test at the 5% significance level. Results: Histological analysis of muscle tissues affected by DCM showed myofiber degeneration, proliferation of inflammatory cells, fibroplasia, and necrosis with fibrosis. DCM samples had lower protein content and higher moisture, ash, insoluble collagen, total collagen, and pH. DCM-affected meat was redder and more yellowish. There were no differences in lipid or soluble collagen contents between groups. DCM-affected meat had higher percentages of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3). Conclusion: This study revealed that DCM-affected meat exhibits considerable changes in quality parameters.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.83-93
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• 2024

Purpose: The present study is developed with the aim of mapping the trends in scientific production related to the implementation of artificial intelligence systems for agro-food supply chains. Research design, data and methodology: The methodological approach of the research shows a descriptive documentary process based on bibliometric techniques for mapping the main indicators of the area of knowledge through the establishment of a search equation in Scopus. Results: The research results show a total of 633 documents published between 2019 and 2023, with a great annual growth rate of 61.68%; In addition to a notable participation of countries such as India, China, the United Kingdom and the United States in the generation of new knowledge related to artificial intelligence applied to food distribution systems. Conclusions: It is concluded that the rise of new artificial intelligence technologies has shown extremely important results in the development of industries worldwide, with increasingly accelerated steps; which certainly translates into the creation of spaces and incentives in the production of research aimed at understanding these dynamics and in turn to propose new alternatives and proposals for the reduction of the large technological gaps that are present within the agro-food sector.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.803-813
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• 2015

The growth of Irpex lacteus F17 and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production in a selfdesigned tray bioreactor, operating in solid-state conditions at a laboratory scale, were studied. The bioreactor was divided into three layers by three perforated trays. Agroindustrial residues were used both as the carrier of bound mycelia and as a nutrient medium for the growth of I. lacteus F17. The maximum biomass production in the bioreactor was detected at 60 h of fermentation, which was consistent with the CO₂ releasing rate by the fungus. During the stationary phase of fungal growth, the maximum MnP activity was observed, reaching 950 U/l at 84 h. Scanning electron microscopy images clearly showed the growth situation of mycelia on the support matrix. Furthermore, the MnP produced by I. lacteus F17 in the bioreactor was isolated and purified, and the internal peptide sequences were also identified with mass spectrometry. The optimal activity of the enzyme was detected at pH 7 and 25℃, with a long half-life time of 9 days. In addition, the MnP exhibited significant stability within a broad pH range of 4-7 and at temperature up to 55℃. Besides this, the MnP showed the ability to decolorize the polymeric model dye Poly R-478 in vitro.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.12.1-12.5
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• 2018

Background: The use of agroindustrial by-products in ruminant nutrition to be an interesting alternative in order to reduce production costs and environmental impacts arising from the inadequate destination of residues. The initial step of beer production yields a large volume of wet brewer's grains all year around, which is available at a low cost and has a high nutritional quality, and hence a big potential for animal production. Methods: Twenty-four Suffolk non-castrated male lambs, from simple parturition were kept in individual spots and allocated to four treatments constituted by four levels of substitution of sorghum silage by WBG (i.e.0; 33.5; 66.5 and 100% of substitution). It was used roughage: concentrate rate of 50:50, based on dry matter. Results: The ether extract intake increased while the acid detergent fiber intake decreased linearly ($P{\leq}0.05$). Substituion of sorghum silage by WBG did not change lambs' feed DMI, daily weight gain and feed conversion. Conclusion: The substitution of sorghum silage by WBG as roughage showed to be a viable alternative from the productive and economic point of view for finishing of feedlot lambs.