• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: From year 2005, landfill for food waste has been prohibited. Also, according to London agreement in year 2013, ocean discharge for livestock manure, sewage sludge, and food waste has been regulated. Alternative way for food waste disposal is incineration. However, due to high moisture content, additional input for energy is needed. Therefore, effective way for food waste disposal such as application of food waste compost is needed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven different treatments (livestock compost, food waste compost, food waste + livestock compost, livestock compost + chemical fertilizer, food waste compost + chemical fertilizer, food waste + livestock compost + chemical fertilizer and control) were applied to tomato crop. All treatments were replicated with completely randomized design. Tomato growth treated with LC+NPK showed the highest values at 6 weeks for all parameters such as leaf length (11.80 cm), leaf width (6.88 cm), and chlorophyll (61.12 O.D.), compared to other treatments. Subsequently the FWC+LC+NPK treatment was followed (11.51 cm, 6.40 cm, 59.50 O.D. for leaf length, leaf width, and chlorophyll, respectably). EC, OM contents, and CEC in the soil treated with the composts significantly increased. CONCLUSION: To evaluate the effect of food waste compost application on tomato growth and soil chemical properties, we carried out field experiment treated with 7 treatments with 3 replicates. The LC+NPK treatment showed highest values for all parameters. Some parameters such as shoot length and total length for tomato were not significantly different between the LC+NPK and the FWC+LC+NPK treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.930-934
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• 2013

The growth performance of embryo-transferred Japanese Black calves that were born from, and suckled by, Japanese Shorthorn cows in a cow-calf grazing system (BS-group, n = 5) was compared to that of Japanese Black calves from Japanese Black cows in a cowshed (BB-group, n = 5). The daily weight gain from birth to 1 month was higher in the BS-group than in the BB-group (p<0.01), and the same trend (p<0.05) was observed at 2 and 3 months of age. This resulted in body weight that was significantly higher for the BS-group between 1 and 3 months of age than what was observed for the BB-group (p<0.05). Heart girth was significantly greater in the BS-group than in the BB-group throughout the experimental period (p<0.01), and chest depth and withers height in the BS-group were significantly greater from 2 to 4 months of age (p<0.05) and at 4 months of age only (p<0.05). No difference in body length (p>0.05) was observed between the groups. These results suggest that the maternal effect of Japanese Shorthorn cows was positive for embryo-transferred Japanese Black calf growth during the early suckling stage. As Japanese Black calves are traded at a high price on the Japanese market, we conclude that this proposed production system is likely to improve the profitability of herd management in upland Japan.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.645-650
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• 2006

Thirty early lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes, six animals in each group, were used in a completely randomized design to examine the feeding value of 4% urea treated wheat straw (UTWS) ensiled with 6% or without acidified molasses. Five experimental diets were formulated. The control ration was balanced to contain 30% DM from UTWS ensiled without acidified molasses. The other four diets were formulated to have 30, 40, 50 and 60% DM from UTWS ensiled with 6% acidified molasses, respectively. Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intakes were higher in buffaloes fed diets containing UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses compared with those fed a diet containing UTWS ensiled without acidified molasses. Intake of DM was not significantly different in buffaloes fed diets containing varying levels of UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses. A similar trend was observed for crude protein (CP) intake. Apparent DM and NDF digestibilities were significantly higher in buffaloes fed diets containing UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses compared with those fed UTWS ensiled without acidified molasses. However, differences in DM and NDF digestibilities were non-significant across buffaloes fed diets containing varying levels of UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses. Milk yield (4% fat corrected) was significantly higher in buffaloes fed diets containing UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses than those fed a diet containing UTWS ensiled without acidified molasses. Milk yield was similar in buffaloes fed varying level of UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses. Milk CP, true protein, solid-not-fat and total solids were similar in buffaloes fed UTWS ensiled with or without acidified molasses. The UTWS ensiled with 6% acidified molasses can be included at up to 60% DM of lactating buffalo rations without any ill effect on productivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.591-593
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• 1989

Bovine blastocysts were obtained by totally in-vitro technique and then transferred to recipient cows. Total of 15 calves (including 4 premature calves) were obtained from 11 recipients. Four calves were obtained from the transfers of fresh blastocysts and 9 calves were obtained from the transfers of frozen-thawed blastocysts. Two calves were obtained from the bisected fresh blastocyst. The males and 5 females were delivered. Birth weight of calves was within normal range except one female, and all calves appeared to be completely normal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1680-1688
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• 2008

Development of village chicken production can be a sustainable way of helping to meet the welfare needs of rural populations and raise their living standards. There is a dearth of information on research conducted to characterize, understand and develop the village chicken production systems in Zimbabwe. This review focuses on constraints, opportunities and research needs for the improvement of village chicken productivity in Zimbabwe. Village chicken production in Zimbabwe is extensive and dominated by indigenous chickens that exhibit remarkable adaptation to local environments. The multitude functions of village chickens, which include the provision of high quality protein meat and eggs, cash through sales and socio-cultural roles, are discussed in detail. Human gender aspects in village chicken production are highlighted. The factors that hamper village chicken productivity are reviewed together with opportunities and research needs. The major constraints include shortage of feed, poor health and housing management. Any improvements in these constraints may lead to sustainable increase in village chicken productivity.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2012

Smart phone and its applications are currently bringing about significant changes in our lives and it is expected that applying such technology in the area of agriculture could increase the value added and productivity of agriculture with its various uses. This paper proposed a smartphone-based application for monitoring and managing livestock barn in real-time anytime, anywhere. In the proposed application, the livestock barn environment and video information collected in ubiquitous livestock barn based on wireless sensor networks can be used by user to monitor the livestock barn in real-time through the use of smart phone to control the livestock barn facilities anytime, anywhere. This application can provide user convenience and increase productivity by allowing users to control their livestock barn facilities.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2007

Livestock agriculture plays an essential role Hongsung's economy. Unfortunately, if manure is manage properly it can contaminate water and pollute the air. The purposes of this study were to provide awareness of environmental impact and to design educational programs with sustainable agriculture. I used the specific steps of processes. First, collecting informations through survey on environmental awareness of livestock farmers in Hongsung-gun and recognizing the tendencies. Second, analyzing on educational status of livestock farmers. Third, finding objectives of environmental educational programs. At the end of processes, establishing programs which concerning on environmental education. I used two research methods to gather and analyze the data for developing an environmental education program. The first one is a general survey among 50 livestock farmers from Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. The second one is the in-depth interviews with specialists in environmental education and government officials from the central government - the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry - and the local government - Hongsung-gun who are in charge of livestock farming. I found the following results from this research. First, most livestock farmers replied with 'highly likely' to the five items on the recognition of the necessity of environment preservation, whereas only 38.7% answered with 'likely' to the item on the environmental pollution caused by livestock farming. This shows the tendency that they have less recognition of the reality than necessary. Second, most of the contents among 5 areas(knowledge, recognition, function, attitude, and participation) are the knowledge areas. That results are analyzed training materials for livestock farmers made by Hongsung-gun in 2004 and in 2005 by using goal categories suggested in the Tbilisi Resolution. Third, after analyzing the survey and in-depth interviews, I found that the need for education to recognize the environmental pollution, environmental protection and recycling of the livestock waste. We can summarize conclusions from this research. First, we need on educational program improve the livestock farmers' recognition of importance in environmental protection. Second, it is necessary to develop educational program with the viewpoint that livestock waste is not one of the culprits of the environmental pollution, but a recyclable resource. Third, contents of the environmental education program, should include all the educational elements, namely, knowledge, recognition, attitude, function and participation. The education for livestock farmers requires a research on the environmental education program that can be used with crop farmers who can use the resources recycled from the livestock waste from the viewpoint of recycling resources. This research is focused on the collection and analysis of the basic data for developing an environmental education program and the composition of the program. A further research on the implementation and assessment of this program is required.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2016

A study aimed at identifying putative drought responsive genes that confer tolerance to water stress deficit in tea plants was conducted in a 'rain-out shelter' using potted plants. Eighteen months old drought tolerant and susceptible tea cultivars were each separately exposed to water stress or control conditions of 18 or 34% soil moisture content, respectively, for three months. After the treatment period, leaves were harvested from each treatment for isolation of RNA and cDNA synthesis. The cDNA libraries were sequenced on Roche 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing platform to produce 232,853 reads. After quality control, the reads were assembled into 460 long transcripts (contigs). The annotated contigs showed similarity with proteins in the Arabidopsis thaliana proteome. Heat shock proteins (HSP70), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (cat), peroxidase (PoX), calmodulinelike protein (Cam7) and galactinol synthase (Gols4) droughtrelated genes were shown to be regulated differently in tea plants exposed to water stress. HSP70 and SOD were highly expressed in the drought tolerant cultivar relative to the susceptible cultivar under drought conditions. The genes and pathways identified suggest efficient regulation leading to active adaptation as a basal defense response against water stress deficit by tea. The knowledge generated can be further utilized to better understand molecular mechanisms underlying stress tolerance in tea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feed resources and collection system of nonconventional agricultural roughages, and reduction of environment pollution by turning non-conventional agricultural roughages to feed resources and diversification of feed supply. And a series of experiment were conducted to determine the effect of moisture control material on quality of sweet potato stalk, peanut stalk, barley straw, the experiments were conducted at Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon in 1999 and 2000. The results obtained from these experiments are summarized as follows; Acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) of sweet potato were 38.8, 50.7 and 58.2% in the control silage, but that of rice straw added silage for moisture control were decreased to 41.5, 50.8 and 56.1%. ADF, NDF, CP(crude protein) and TDN of peanut stalk were 42.2, 49.6, 10.5 and 55.6% on the rice straw added silage for moisture control, and there were not affected by barely straw added silage for moisture control. And ADF, NDF and TDN content of barely straw increased 42.8, 65.8 and 55.1% on the water+inoculants treated silage. The results of this study indicate that non-conventional agricultural roughages to feed resources should be make for silage at silo after dry matter percentage(ab0ut 35%) control. Also, rice straw added silage for moisture control will improve the silage fermentation and conservation. (Key words : Feed resources, Non-conventional agriculture, Fermentation, Inoculant, Rice straw)

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-108
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• 2003

So far, we have pursued only convenient and efficient growth of economy, as a result, environment surrounding us has been destroyed and the rights of our existence gotten to be even threatened. We need to ensure our lives and at the same time, need a power with which agriculture undertakes global circulation structure and a power that is able to preserve our environment we live per so. Therefore, in the near future, the final objectives of agriculture structure for 21st century would be to increase productivity of highly developed agricultural products in accordance with the ecosystem and a recycling agriculture. What is a recycling agriculture\ulcorner In the narrow sense, it means provisions-producing- system related to interactive recycle of material among forestry, livestock husbandry and seeding agriculture. In the broad sense, it means to produce credible agricultural product by keeping balanced resources via conversion to complete degradable material of organic wastes produce within rural village. Based on this concept, finally, our goal is to construct the resources recycling community. Environment friendly agriculture ⇒ organic agriculture ⇒ recycling (circulation) agriculture ⇒ construction of community with resources recycling. Therefore, in order to construct recycling agriculture, most of all, it is considered that the following, it should be established reasonable standard amounts for fertilizer, manure and liquid fertilizer based on results of soil test by each region, nature-recycling form of crops production and livestock production systems by maximizing utilization of different recycling byproducts occurring in the crop producing process by each region.