• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.27-54
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• 2001

This paper aims to provide a basic framework to make a regional plan for the environment-friendly agriculture. To prepare the regional plan is mandated by the Environment-friendly Agriculture Promotion Act of 1998. Here is proposed the input/output analysis framework, which includes the shifts of fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and livestock manures Basically, the discharged amount of polluted elements means the difference between the amount of the elements entered into the crop and livestock sectors and the amount of the elements absorbed or used by the crop and/or livestock. A few suggestions are offered for better regional environment-friendly agricultural plan. The foremost important thing is to establish a data collection system. The \"Green Accounting System\" is suggested. It is also crucial to create a standard guideline or manual which Provides detailed procedures to follow in making the plan by the local planners. More fundamentally, many experts on the regional planning will be demanded in the near future. Some compound model which links, for instance, the forestry, the livestock sector, and the crop sector, needs to be devised. Finally, it is argued here that more elaborated model will work as an integrated environmental improvement plan which embraces living environment as well as agricultural environment.vironment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2005

Human-induced soil salinity is becoming a major threat to agriculture across the world. This salinisation occurs in both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural zones with the highest proportions in the arid and semi-arid environments. Livestock can play an important role in the management and rehabilitation of this land. There are a range of plants that grow in saline soils and these have been used as animal feed. In many situations, animal production has been poor as a result of low edible biomass production, low nutritive value, depressed appetite, or a reduction in efficiency of energy use. Feeding systems are proposed that maximise the feeding value of plants growing on saline land and integrate their use with other feed resources available within mixed livestock and crop farming systems. Salt-tolerant pastures, particularly the chenopod shrubs, have moderate digestible energy and high crude protein. For this reason they represent a good supplement for poor quality pastures and crop residues. The use of salt-tolerant pasture systems not only provides feed for livestock but also may act as a bio-drain to lower saline water tables and improve the soil for growth of alternative less salt tolerant plants. In the longer term there are opportunities to identify and select more appropriate plants and animals for saline agriculture.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2017

Organic dust generated inside livestock facilities includes toxic organic matters such as bacteria and endotoxin. Dust can cause respiratory disease for worker and livestock, and consequently, degradation of welfare and productivity. Influence of dust on livestock workers has been studied since the 1970s. However, exposure limit for cattle farmer has not been established, unlike exposure limit for pig and poultry farmer. Furthermore, study on air quality inside livestock facility, especially inside dairy farm has been rarely conducted in Korea. In this study, dust concentration of TSP, PM10, inhalable and respirable dust has been monitored in the commercial dairy house according to location and working activities. Bedding material inside the stall was one of the major sources of dust. The amount of dust was related to water content level of the bedding material. Dust concentration was relatively high in leeward location, and the highest concentration was measured during TMR mixing process. The maximum value of inhalable dust concentration was 29.1 times higher than the reference value as fine particles drop to the TMR mixer. Dust generated by TMR mixing was presumed to decrease by adjusting moisture and drop height of feed.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

Climate change has directly impacted environmentally dependent first industry. The changes of amount and frequency of precipitation have caused unstable drinking water supply for grassland and feed crop, and have changed the variety of grassland and feed crop. Rising temperature has caused heat stress on livestock, which has impacted feed intake and livestock products, and also has threatened to the health of livestock by widening the range of sources of diseases. In order for livestock industry to confront climate change, new technology development for climate change adaptation and measures of greenhouse gas mitigation are essential. Agroforestry is the one of alternative measures to mitigate greenhouse gases and to adapt to climate change. Agroforestry is the way rearing livestock and cultivating plants in forest, which is suitable to Korea where mountain area is over 68%. Feedstock such as maize, soybean, rice, and grass grown by agroforestry would decrease feed cost. Agroforestry will decrease heat stress of livestock during hot weather and will be possible to pasture, which increases livestock welfare.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2014

Management of organic waste such as livestock manure has been considered as very important issue in terms of the environment. The anaerobic digestion of livestock manure become more attractive treatment method and has been widely applied. In this work, the properties of the residue after the anaerobic digestion of livestock manure was evaluated for providing the basic data to develop new application. The lignin and the ash contents of the residue were much higher than those of other biomass such as wood. The components of the residue were also analyzed with SEM-EDS and Elemental Analyzer. The addition of the residue into the handsheet paper resulted in the higher bulk and he higher air permeability with the loss of the strength properties. The water holding capacity of the handsheet were increased until the 40 % addition of the residue.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.186-190
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• 1999

Isotope ratio ($^{15}N/^{14}N$) and nitrate-nitrogen concentration in groundwater were measured to investigate the effect of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on temporal variations in nitrate-nitrogen concentration and to estimate the contribution of fertilizer and manure to groundwater contamination by nitrate. Four study wells from a rural area in Kyonggi province were selected. One well was located on an upper site from a livestock feedlot, and the others were situated at lower sites from the feedlot. The ${\delta}^{15}N$ values were analyzed by a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Micromass, VG Optima IRMS). Reproducibility of the method and precision of the mass spectrometer were below 1.0 and 0.1‰, respectively Even though study wells were located at the same area, nitrate-nitrogen concentrations and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values differed and fluctuated during the sampling period. The ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of well located at upper site from the feedlot were extremely variable (-1.48~20.80‰). The ranges of ${\delta}^{15}N$ value of three wells situated at lower sites from the feedlot were 11.83~20.73 (ave. 16.11), 8.90~11.73 (ave.11.01), and 5.29~12.73‰ (ave. 8.21‰) with increasing distance from the feedlot. The average values of contribution proportion of nitrogen derived from livestock manure to nitrate-nitrogen in groundwater were 79% for the well closet to the feedlot, 44% for the well most distant from the feedlot, and 56% for the well in between the two wells.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify the relationship between bovine brucellosis prevalence, farmers' knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and social factors on migratory draft cattle and smallholder dairy farms in the central dry zone of Myanmar. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 migratory and 38 dairy cattle farms between August 2020 and February 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to identify farmers' behaviors. Bulk milk was sampled and tested using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). STATA 17 was used for all the analyses. Results: Migratory cattle farms had a higher farm level brucellosis prevalence (14.8%) than dairy farms (2.6%; χ² = 3.75; df = 1; p = 0.05). Only 2.8% of the farmers had knowledge about brucellosis, while 39.1% and 41.6% had attitudes and farm practices with respect to brucellosis, respectively in the study area. Socio-economic attribute of training in animal husbandry (p<0.01), raising system (p<0.01), practice of separating the aborted cow (p<0.01) were negatively associated to brucellosis. The overall farm level brucellosis prevalence was strongly associated with cattle herd size (p = 0.01), free movement grazing practices (p<0.01), practice of self-removal of placental debris without using personal protective equipment (p<0.01) and farmers' attitudes towards eating cow placenta debris (p<0.01). Conclusion: Farmers had little knowledge of brucellosis. Attitudes and practices differed significantly between migratory and dairy farmers. Training and extension programs are necessary to make farmers aware of their KAP situation since livestock migration and the custom of eating cow placental debris contribute to the spread of brucellosis. Persistent efforts are required to reduce the adverse effects of brucellosis. Therefore, the study suggests that a feasible control intervention and public awareness campaigns need to be conducted regarding methods of preventing human exposure to brucellosis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.57-78
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• 2024

In a global context, bacterial diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have inflicted sustained damage on both humans and animals. Although antibiotics initially appeared to offer an easy treatment for most bacterial infections, the recent rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, stemming from antibiotic misuse, has prompted regulatory measures to control antibiotic usage. Consequently, various alternatives to antibiotics are being explored, with a particular focus on bacteriophage (phage) therapy for treating bacterial diseases in animals. Animals are broadly categorized into livestock, closely associated with human dietary habits, and companion animals, which have attracted increasing attention. This study highlights phage therapy cases targeting prominent bacterial strains in various animals. In recent years, research on bacteriophages has gained considerable attention, suggesting a promising avenue for developing alternative substances to antibiotics, particularly crucial for addressing challenging bacterial diseases in the future.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2001

가축사육으로 인해 매년 막대한 가축분이 발생하고 있으며, 그 처리방안 또한 여러 가지로 모색되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 밭농사를 영위함으로 인해 질소비료를 대체할 수 있는 가축분(돈분, 계분)의 양을 소화능으로 계산해 보았으며, 그 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라의 가축분 발생량은 2000년도 기준으로 볼 때 년간 돈분 4,592,375톤, 계분 4,488,166톤이며, 이것을 질소 비료성분으로 환산할 경우, 돈분은 41,911톤, 계분 76,222톤의 질소비료성분에 해당하는 양이다. 2. 가축분 소화능이란 "토양에 가축분을 시용했을 때 토양자체가 역기능을 발휘하기 바로 직전까지의 최대소화량"이라고 정의 하였으며, 밭토양의 가축분 소화능계산 방법은 아래 식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 밭토양의 질소비료 대체 가축분 소화능(kg/10a) = 작물별 질소 표준시비량 / [(가축분중 T-N함량)${\times}$(가축분의 질소비효가용화율)] 3. 밭토양의 년간 질소비료 대체가능 가축분 소화능은 돈분 1,142.gkg/10a, 계분540.9 kg/10a으로 평가되었다. 4. 밭농사의 가축분 소화능의 작목별 기여도는 채소 > 과수 > 잡곡 > 맥류 > 서류 )> 두류 > 특작 > 초지 > 뽕밭 순이었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

함기 포장과 진공 포장이 냉장 저장 중 오리고기의 육색, 지방 산화 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. pH는 가슴육이 다리육에 비해 낮았으며, 냉장 저장 중 가슴육이 다리육에 비해 육색의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 다리육의 조지방 함량이 가슴육에 비해 약2배 정도 높았으며, 저장 3일 째부터 전단가가 낮아졌다. 함기 포장은 진공 포장에 비해 냉장저장 중 다리육의 지방 산화를 촉진하는 것으로 나타났으며, 지방 산화는 palmitic acid 함량의 감소와 linoleic acid 함량의 증가와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다 결과적으로 오리고기의 장기적인 냉장 유통을 위해서는 함기 포장보다 진공 포장을 하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.