• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.171-186
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• 2023

This study aims to explore comprehensively the effects of a flower craft activity program focused on perceived stress, depression, and self-esteem of adult with mixed methods. The main results of this study are as follows. In the mixed analysis results, perceived stress was reduced by immersing oneself in completing one's own work through flower craft activities, as distracting thoughts in the head disappeared. In the case of depression, depression decreased in the relationship between group members who worked together to complete their own work through flower craft activities. In the case of self-esteem, it was analyzed that flower craft activities had the effect of increasing self-esteem through the satisfaction of the need for life and self-esteem. In future study, this suggests that the healing program applied based on this can be comprehensively reviewed, modified, and supplemented to reorganize it into a more effective flower craft activity program.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.321-353
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• 2012

This study aims to find out ways of improving life satisfaction of rural elderly by investigating their work and leisure activity, two significant axis of the life in later life. For this purpose, researchers and one assistant researcher visited house, senior citizen's center and health center, in order to have interviews with senior citizen above 65, who are currently working in the field. The summary of the research findings are as follows; First, the average size of the farm land which each senior citizen works on is $9,237.92m^2$ and they mostly work for economic reason. During farming season, they work on average 8.62 hour per day. As primary reasons for why farming work is difficult, "insufficient income" was picked. In fact, the average annual income senior citizens earn from farming is about 15.4 million won. 49.1% of sample senior citizens work both on watered farm and farm, and they are engaged in farming 48.82 years on average, showing that most of their lives have been spent on farming. In spite of these difficulties, most senior citizens showed high intention to continue farming work further. Second, senior citizens turn out to spend their leisure time mostly on public leisure activities such as watching TV, hearing radio and gatherings with families, relatives. However, individual activities such as meditation, yoga, drawing and calligraphy turn out to be low because they require foundations to enjoy. Third, senior citizen in rural areas were divided into four groups by farm work and leisure activity: group separated from work and leisure activity(27.09%), group centered to leisure activity(24.42%), group centered to work(23.75%), and group integrated work and leisure activity(23.75%). Fourth, the groups were different depending on demographic characteristics. Namely, male senior citizen, higher educational level, living in elderly couple households, and satisfied with their economic level belonged to the group integrated work and leisure activity. But senior citizen aged above 65 years old and working for their livelihood belonged to the group centered to work, and most of female and senior citizen aged above 80 years old belonged to the group separated from work and leisure activity. Finally, as the result of analysis of differences in life satisfaction according to farm work and leisure activity of senior citizen in rural areas, the group integrated work and leisure activity, and group centered to leisure activity were higher in life satisfaction than the group separated from work and leisure activity, and group centered to work. The above result indicates that life satisfaction of senior citizen depends upon leisure activity rather than work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.178-185
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• 1993

The standard of agricultural mechanization is one of the important indicators for measuring the realized degrees of agricultural modernization in some regions. The Pearl river delta is most fertile, and thereby reputed as a land of fish and rice in the province. Studying the proceedings, profits and experiences of agricultural mechanization in the region obviously possesses the generally guiding significance for Guangdong to realize agricultural modernization by the year 2010. this paper involves these fields such as duainage, irrigation, harrowing, harvesting, transportation, processing and etc, in the Pearl River Delta, Results show as follows: (1) 80% work load in main production links has been mechanized ; (2) changed took place in traditionally agricultural production means and ways so took place in traditional agricultural production means and ways so that individual farmer in this region became commercial producer and then march toward commodity production of moderniza ion with high yields, good guality and high profits ; (3) further taping production potential to improve land output and labour productivity. Results also show that the degrees of agricultural mechanization in the Pearl River Delta are closely related to government' spolices, finance, moderate land scale management, rural industrialization and machine utility as well as talent training, shortage of which will surely; affect the proceeding of agricultural mechanization. Therefore, government must be urged to guarantee it by preferential policies and financial loan so as to greatly run rural industry, to create conditions for land scale management, to set up the socialized service system of agricultural mechanization, to actively train scientific talents and to introduce advanced equipments and technology from aborad in order to quicken the progress of agricultural mechanization in this regions.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1999

This study was aimed 1) to determine the job-stress level of agricultural extension ants, 2).to analyze job-stress and its related variables. Data were collected from 512 extension ants who work at agricultural technology center in Pusan and Kyungnam province, 462 subjects were analyzed. SAS program was used. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) the score of job-stress was low and that of job satisfaction was high,; 2) the degree of role overload of 40 year-old agents who have worked for over 20 years was high,; 3) the degree of role ambiguity of 20 year-old who have worked below 15 years was high,; 4) the degree of job-stress perception of 40 year-old agents was high,; 5) the degree of job satisfaction of among agents who finished graduate course and who are charge of section was high.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2013

This work is for listing, patent, reasonable valuation of environmental-friendly agricultural company. In this study, agricultural company in environmental friendly industry that consider nature, customer's wellbeing and safe would be evaluated by DCF (Discounted Cash Flow) and ROV (Real Option Value). And company in environmental-friendly industry would be checked whether it is to be related and concerned to listing in the stock market and patent acquisition with the basis of company valuation. After then agricultural company value is evaluated with the consideration of growth in environmental-friendly industry, and company valuation comparison would followed about intellectual property right. It can be assumed that value of environmental-friendly agricultural company has low relation and concern to listing of stock market, and valuation would be increased through the intellectual property right such as patent, development or core search ability.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.133-156
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• 2009

This study proposes development strategies for domestic e-commerce of agricultural products. So far, it grows quantitatively so fast, but because of lack of continuous management, it does not work properly. Previous studies have some outcome for vitalization of e-commerce, but they have limits that they neglect rapid changes of e-commerce circulation structures and practical problems farmers go through when they sell their products. This study deals with these problems more than previous. The first phase of this study analyzes two cases of overseas successful and failure e-commerce sites of agricultural products, for example, Wine.com and Webvan.com. The second phase analyzes As-Is and distribution structure of domestic e-commerce of agricultural products. Finally this study asserts three strategies for domestic e-commerce of agricultural products based on Web 2.0 environment.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.50-54
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• 2004

The study aimed to develop a mechanized mushroom growing system for the substrate materials mixing and wetting, materials fermentation and pasteurisation through the design of integrated cultivation machine system for oyster mushroom. The power requirement of the prototype during fermentation operation was measured in the range of 31$\~$33 kg-m and the torque has not so much differ by the kinds and quantity of materials. The work efficiency of conventional method for stacking the heap and turning the heap of cotton waste by tractor rotavator and manual wetting required 78 hours. But the watering, fermentation and sterilisation by the prototype use same operation required 25.5 hours, which can save the operation labour by $67\%$. The machine can be saved the requirement of heating energy by $63\%$, and the machine can also be saved the material cost by $44\%$. It is envisaged that the machine can effectively be used for large mushroom growing farms or joint use mushroom growing group-farmers in a village.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.647-659
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• 2015

This study analyzes current technologies in personal protective equipment (PPE) and mechanisms that can be used in the agricultural field to provide data for research and development on PPE for farmers. There is growing awareness of the importance of PPE as part of efforts to reduce agricultural accidents, but data remain rare for developing PPE tailored to the farm work environment. In this regard, patent data on PPE can provide useful insights for facilitating relevant technologies and research. This study examines patents and utility models classified under the IPC code in Korea and other countries to analyze patented technologies and recent trends for the period from January 2003 to October 2014. Here Korea, the U.S., Japan, and Europe were considered. The results show that the number of patent applications for PPE remained steady without any sharp fluctuations. KIPO applications accounted for 43.5% of all cases, reflecting the highest proportion among the countries considered. Domestic applicants accounted for 94% of all cases. In Korea, patent applications were concentrated in safety gear for the face and eyes, indicating a high level of technology. The highest level of competition was observed for safety goggles in all countries. Some PPE technologies were dominated by a particular manufacturer. The analysis results for farming-related technologies show the current state of technologies and areas lacking technological development. This study analyzes patented technologies for PPE in Korea and other countries and recent research trends as part of the effort to develop PPE for workers in the farming and livestock industry. This study represents an early-stage effort to develop PPE for workers in the farming and livestock industry, and the results are expected to be useful for tailoring PPE to Korea's farming and livestock environment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.613-627
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to design a powertrain for a 78 kW AWD (all wheel drive) electric tractor by analyzing the combination of various reduction gear ratios on a commercial motor using data from actual agricultural work and driving conditions. A load measurement system was constructed to collect data using wheel torque meters, proximity sensors, and a data acquisition system. Field experiments for measuring load data were performed for two environmental driving conditions (on asphalt and soil) and four agricultural operations (plow tillage, rotary tillage, loader operation, and baler operation). The attached implements and gear stages were selected through farmer surveys. The range of the reduction ratio was determined by selecting the minimum reduction ratio needed to satisfy the torque condition required for agricultural operations and the maximum reduction gear ratio to satisfy the maximum travel speed. The minimum reduction gear ratio selected was 57 in consideration of the working load condition and the maximum reduction gear ratio selected was 62 considering the maximum running speed. In the range of the reduction gear ratio 57 - 62, the selected motor satisfied all working torque conditions. As a result, the combination of the selected motor and reduction gear ratio was applicable for satisfying the loads required during agricultural operation and driving operation.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

Potatoes are one of the world's four major crops, and domestic consumption is currently increasing in Korea. However, the mechanization rate of potatoes is very low, and especially, harvesting is the most labor-intensive task in potato production. In Korea, potato-collecting work depends on manpower, so it is necessary to develop a gathering-type harvester that can be used for processes from digging to harvesting. Therefore, in this study, a self-propelled-type potato harvester was developed, and its performance was analyzed to mechanize harvesting. The potato harvester was developed to have a crawler-type driving part with a 60 hp diesel engine and consisted of a digging part that digs potatoes from the ground, a vertical transporting part that transfers the dug potatoes to the height of the collection bag, a separating part that separates debris, such as stones and soil, and a collecting part that loads the collection box. A field test of the potato harvester was conducted, and performance was evaluated by the damage, loss, and debris mixing proportions, which were 2.5%, 2.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. The working capacity was 1.2 h/10 a. The economic analysis results showed that the cost of harvesting work could be reduced by 12.7% compared to manual harvesting.