• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.330-334
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• 2001

The polymorphism of Azospirillum isolates from ornamental rhizosphere and two reference strains were examined with respect to intrinsic antibiotic resistance (IAR) profile. All the isolates showed different intrinsic resistances to different antibiotics viz., tetracycline, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, ampicillin, spectinomycin and chloramphenicol. All the strains demonstrated susceptibility to high concentration of all antibiotics used in the present experiment. In addition to these general patterns, we also obseved the multiple antibiotic resistances of Azospirillum strains. The Azospirillum sp. OAD-11 was resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin and ampicillin, and Azospirillum sp. OAD-57 was resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin. Conversely, Azospirillum sp. OAD-9 possessed the dual susceptibility to tetracycline and spectinomycin, whereas Azospirillum sp. OAD-37 was dual susceptible to streptomycin and kanamycin. Such multiple antibiotic resistant/susceptible traits could be useful for the identification of the strains in field experiments or in molecular genetic transfer experiments.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 2003년도 제46회 춘계 학술연구 발표회
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• pp.73-73
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• 2003

Bacillus thuringiensis 2385-1, which showed toxicity to lepidopteran but not to dipteran was isolated from Korean soil sample and characterized. The H-serotype of 2385-1 was identical to that of serovar kenyae (H4a4c), and its crystal toxin was bipyramidal-shaped with a molecular weight of 130 kDa. However, the plasmid profile of 2385-1 was different from that of serovar kenyae. (omitted)

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2015

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pathogenic Escherichia coli on diarrhea, growth performance, and blood profile of weaned pigs. A total of 48 pigs were used and housed in individual pens of disease containment chambers for 16 d (4 d before and 12 d after the first challenge [d0]). The treatments were with or without the pathogenic E. coli challenge (F-18 E. coli strain; heat-labile, heat-stable, and Shiga-like toxins). Pigs were orally inoculated with a dose of $10^{10}cfu$ E. coli per 3 mL PBS daily for 3 days. The common nursery diet and water were available at all times. The ADG, ADFI, G:F, diarrhea score, ratio of fecal ${\beta}$-hemolytic coliforms from total coliforms (RHT), and blood profile were measured. The pathogenic E. coli reduced (P < 0.05) ADG from d0 to 6 (117 vs. 297 g/d) and from d0 to 12 (377 vs. 238 g/d) compared with the control. Meanwhile, the pathogenic E. coli increased (P < 0.05) diarrhea score (average 3.4 vs. 1.4) and RHT (average 82 vs. 11%) on d3, 6, and 9 and the number of white blood cells (17.59 vs. $13.48{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$) on d6 compared with the control. No differences were found on ADFI and others in the blood profile (total protein and hematocrit). In conclusion, pathogenic E. coli used in this experiment successfully caused mild diarrhea, increased number of white blood cells, and adversely affected growth rate of weaned pigs.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2019

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) wheat-based diets on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and meat quality of grower-finisher pigs. A total of 70 [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] growing pigs with an initial body weight of 26.15 ± 1.57 kg were used in a 112 day trial. The dietary treatments were as follows: (I) CD, corn-based diet and (II) non-GMO WD, a non-genetically modified organism wheat-based diet. Each treatment consisted of 7 replicate pens with 5 pigs per pen. In the current study, the pigs fed the corn-based diet had a higher body weight than the pigs fed the non-GMO wheat-based diet at day 21 and day 77 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the average daily gain (ADG) during the first 21 days (p < 0.05). The non-GMO wheat-based diet had no effect on nutrient digestibility. In addition, the non-GMO wheat-based diet had no effect on the blood profile except for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) at d 21. In conclusion, the non-GMO wheat-based diet only had a slight effect on the growth performance of growing pigs but had no significant impact on the nutrient digestibility, fecal score, blood profile and meat quality of the pigs during the grower-finisher period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1648-1653
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• 2009

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of source of supplemental zinc (Zn) on performance, nutrient digestibility and plasma mineral profile in Cashmere goats during the cashmere fiber growing period. Twenty-seven Liao Ning Cashmere wether goats (9-10 month of age; initial BW = 19.31${\pm}$0.32 kg) were fed a basal diet (containing 22.3 mg Zn/kg DM) with no supplemental Zn (control) or 20 mg of supplemental Zn/kg of DM from Zn sulfate ($ZnSO_{4}$) or Zn methionine (ZnMet) for 60 days including a 10-day metabolism trial. Average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) and gain:feed (G/F) (p<0.05) were increased by Zn supplementation, but no differences were noted between Zn sources (p>0.05). The length and diameter of cashmere fiber did not differ among treatments (p>0.05). Zn supplementation had no influence on digestibility of DM, CP, EE and NDF (p>0.05). However, ADF digestibility in the group supplemented with ZnMet was significantly higher than in other treatments (p<0.05). Plasma Zn was increased (p<0.05) and Cu tended to be decreased (p = 0.057) by Zn supplementation, but no differences were found between Zn sources (p>0.05). Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) was improved by Zn supplementation (p<0.05) and was higher in the $ZnSO_{4}$ than the ZnMet group (p<0.05). Zn retention was increased (p<0.05) and apparent absorption rate was decreased (p<0.05) by Zn supplementation. The results indicate that supplementation of 20 mg Zn/kg DM either as $ZnSO_{4}$ or ZnMet in the basal diet containing 22.3 mg Zn/kg DM can improve growth performance in Cashmere goats, and effectiveness of the two sources is similar on performance measurements.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1996

콩 근류균(根瘤菌) B. japonicum의 취락형태(聚落形態)에 따라 항생제반응(抗生劑反應)과 혈청형(血淸型) 및 단백질(蛋白質) 전기영동(電氣泳動) 유형(類型)에 차이가 있을지 여부를 구명(究明)코자 우리나라 남부지방에 분포한 토착근류균(土着根瘤菌)을 대상으로 시험한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 분리(分離)한 B. japonicum 120균주(菌株) 취락형태별(聚落形態別) 분포(分布)는 "Dry"형이 47%, "Wet"형이 41%, "Dry/Wet"형이 12%였다. 2. 항생제(抗生劑) 반응(反應)에 있어서 "Dry"형의 균주(菌株)는 chlorampenicole(200ug/ml)과 kanamycin(20ug/ml)에 대하여. "Wet"형은 erythromycin(100ug/ml)과 nalidixic acid(20ug/ml), spectinomycin sulphate(100ug/ml), streptomycin sulphate(10ug/ml), tetracycline(100ug/ml)에 대하여 각각(各各) 높은 내성(耐性)을 보였다. 3. B. japonicum의 취락형태별(聚落形態別)로는 혈청형(血淸型)의 구분(區分)을 보이지 않았으나, 각 혈청형(血淸型)에 속하는 균주중(菌株中)에는 혈청모균주(血淸母菌株)와 동일한 취락형태(聚落形態)를 가진 것이 많았다. 4. B. japonicum의 혈청학적(血淸學的) 분류결과(分類結果)는 단백질전기영동상(蛋白質電氣泳動上)의 밴드유형과 같았으며 특히, 복잡성(複雜性)에 있어서는 가장 복잡하였던 항생제반응(抗生劑反應) 유형(類型)과 지나치게 단순하였던 취락형태적(聚落形態的) 구분이 중간정도(中間程度)를 나타내어 실용성(實用性)을 보였다. 5. B. japonicum의 취락형태별(聚落形態別) 특성은 항생제반응(抗生劑反應)에서는 특이적(特異的)이었으나 혈청학적(血淸學的) 특성(特性) 및 단백질(蛋白質) 전기영동(電氣泳動) 유형(類型)에서는 다양(多樣)한 경향이었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2021

Objective: Temperature could influence protein and amino acid deposition as well as gut microbiota profile and composition. However, the specific effects of ambient temperature on amino acids deposition and gut microbiota composition remain insufficiently understood. Methods: A total of 300 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into three groups and reared at high, medium, and low temperature (HT, MT, and LT), respectively. Breast muscle and fecal samples were collected for amino acid composition analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results: Our data showed that compared to the MT group, there was a decrease of muscle leucine and tyrosine (p<0.05), as well as an increase of methionine in the HT group (p<0.05) and a decrease of serine in the LT group. Examination of microbiota shift revealed that at genus level, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and Parabacteroides was increased in the HT group (p<0.05) and that the relative abundances of Pandoraea, Achromobacter, Prevotella, Brevundimonas, and Stenotrophomonas in the LT group were higher than those in the MT group (p<0.05). In addition, there were substantial correlations between microbes and amino acids. In the HT group. Turicibacter was negatively correlated with aspartic acid and tyrosine, whereas Parabacteroides was positively correlated with methionine (p<0.05). In the LT group, there were multiple positive correlations between Achromobacter and arginine, isoleucine or tyrosine; between Prevotella and cysteine or phenylalanine; between Brevundimonas and cysteine; and between Stenotrophomonas and cysteine as well as a negative correlation between Stenotrophomonas and serine. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that amino acid content of breast muscle and intestinal microbiota profile was affected by different ambient temperatures. Under heat exposure, augmented abundance of Parabacteroides was correlated with elevated methionine. Low temperature treatment may affect muscle tyrosine content through the regulation of Achromobacter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.804-810
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium diacetate (SDA) on fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. Methods: Fresh alfalfa was ensiled with various concentrations of SDA (0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 g/kg of fresh forage). After 60 days of the ensiling, the samples were collected to examine the fermentative quality, chemical composition and aerobic stability. Results: The application of SDA significantly (p<0.05) decreased silage pH with the lowest value in silage with 7 g/kg of SDA. The proliferations of enterobacteria, yeasts, molds and clostridia were inhibited by SDA, resulted in lower ethanol, propionic and butyric acid concentrations and dry matter loss in SDA treated silages than control. The increasing SDA linearly decreased free amino acid N (p<0.001), ammonia N (p = 0.018) and non-protein N (p<0.001), while linearly increased water soluble carbohydrate (p<0.001) and peptide N (p<0.001). It is speculated that SDA accelerated the shift from homofermentative to heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria during the silage fermentation, indicated by lower lactic acid production in SDA-9 than SDA-7 silages after 60 days of ensiling. Alfalfa silages treated with SDA at 7 g/kg had highest Flieg's point and remained stable more than 9 d during aerobic exposure under humid and hot conditions in southern China. Conclusion: SDA may be used as an additive for alfalfa silages at a level of 7 g/kg.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1992

충북(忠北) 괴산군(槐山郡)에 위치한 옥천계(沃川系) 천매암토양(千枚岩土壤)의 특성을 사면경사(斜面傾斜)에 따라 토양(土壤) catena를 구명하고, 옥천계토양(沃川系土壤)의 분포를 조사하고자 수행하였다. 1. 옥천계모암(沃川系母岩)은 216천ha 분포하였으며, 옥천계토양(沃川系土壤)은 목(目) 2 아목(亞目) 3 대군(大群) 4 아군(亞群) 5 토양통(土壤統) 9개로 밝혀졌다. 2. 사면경사(斜面傾斜)는 토색연속계(土色連續系)를 이루었으며, 토색지수와 $Fe_2O_3$ 함량은 배수가 양호할 수록 증가하였다. 3. 미사/점토비(比)와 Ca/Mg比는 상대표고(相對標高)가 높을 수록 그리고 토심이 깊을 수록 좁아졌다. 4. 토양의 생성년령은 산견(山肩)>산복(山腹)>산록(山麓)>산지경사(山肢傾斜), 토양모재의 생선년령은 C>B>A층의 순이었다. 5. 토양단면내 토색지수와 $Fe_2O_3$ 함량은 고도의 유의성을 나타내었다. 6. 생성학적 유형은 C/D형이었으며, 토심>12cm에서의 토양성질 변화는 연속함수(連續函數)를 갖는다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.974-978
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• 2001

The effect of three varying ratios (high, medium and low) of Rumen Degradable Protein (RDP) to Undegradable Dietary Protein (UDP) of 37:63, 52:48 and 70:30 in iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric concentrate mixtures on rumen fermentation profile was studied using rumen fistulated Jersey crossbred cows. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were found to be lower with a concentrate mixture containing a higher UDP level of 63.38% when compared with those having medium and low UDP levels of 47.55 and 29.75%, respectively, at all post feeding intervals. Total volatile fatty acid concentration as well as concentrations of individual fatty acids viz., acetate, propionate and butyrate were also found higher in animals fed concentrate mixture with the highest UDP level.