• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.11
• /
• pp.1776-1783
• /
• 2021

Objective: This project aimed to evaluate the effects of both different additives and filling methods on nutritive quality, fermentation profile, and in situ digestibility of whole plant corn silage. Methods: Whole plant corn forage harvested at 26.72% dry matter (DM) was chopped and treated with two filling methods, i) fill silos at one time (F1), ii) fill silos at three times (F3), packing samples into one/three silo capacity at the first day, another one/three capacity at the second day, then one/three at the third day, three replicates. For each replicate, samples were treated with three additives, i) control (CTRL, no additive), ii) Sila-Max (MAX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., Marshall, MN, USA), and iii) Sila-Mix (MIX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., USA). With three replicates of each secondary treatment, there were nine silos, 54 silos in total. Each silo had a packing density of 137.61 kg of DM/m3. All silos were weighed and stored in lab at ambient temperature. Results: After 60 d of ensiling, all items showed good silage fermentation under MAX filled one time or three times (p<0.01). Higher silage quality for all additives was obtained at filling one time than that filled three times (p<0.01). The highest DM and lowest DM loss rate (DMLR) occurred to MAX treatment at two filling methods (p<0.01); Digestibility of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and curde protein had the same results as silage quality (p<0.01). Yield of digestible DM and digestible NDF also showed higher value under MAX especially for filling one time (p<0.05). Conclusion: All corn silages showed good fermentation attributes (pH<4.0). The forage filled one time had higher silage quality than that filled three times (p<0.01). MAX with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the lactic acid fermentation, silage quality and nutrient digestibility, and so improved the digestible nutrient yield.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on the ensiling quality and in vitro rumen fermentation of sudangrass silage prepared with or without wilting. Methods: The ensiling experiment, measured with 3 replicates, was carried out according to a 2×4 (wilted stages×additives) factorial treatment structure. Dry matter of the fresh (210 g/kg fresh matter) or wilted (305 g/kg fresh matter) sudangrass were ensiled (packed into 5.0-L plastic jars) without additive (control) or with molasses (M), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or molasses + Lactobacillus plantarum (M+LP). After 60 days of ensiling, the silages were analyzed for the chemical, fermentation, and in vitro characteristics. Results: After 60 days of ensiling, the fermentation parameters were affected by wilted, the additives and the interactions of wilted with the additives (p<0.05). The M+LP treatment at wilted had higher lactic acid levels and V-score (p<0.05) but lower pH values and butyric acid concentrations than the other treatments. In comparison with sudangrass before ensiling, after ensiling had lower dry matter and higher non-fibrous carbohydrate. The in vitro gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro crude protein digestibility, and in vitro acid fiber detergent digestibility changed under the effects of the additives. Significant interactions were observed between wilted and the additives in terms of in vitro gas production at 48 h, asymptotic gas production, gas production rate, half time, and the average gas production rate. The total volatile fatty acid levels in the additive treatments were higher than those in the control. Conclusion: Wilting and supplementation with molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum had the ability to improve the ensiling quality and in vitro nutrient digestibility of sudangrass silage. The M+LP treatment at wilted exhibited the strongest positive effects on silage quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.641-649
• /
• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of mozzarella cheese added wine concentrate. Mozzarella cheese was produced with different additives of wine concentrate which were 0~5%. The pH and the total acidity of the Cheese were analyzed. We also examined the radical scavenging activities for the antioxidant effect of samples and evaluated for their total polyphenol, and total flavonoid contents. The pH of Meoru wine cheese (6.28~6.37) was significantly higher and total acidity tended to decrease compared to that of the control. L^* (lightness) of the wine cheese decreased with increasing amounts of wine concentrates whereas a^* (redness) tended to increase. In the texture profile analysis, Meoru wine cheese showed higher values of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of Meoru wine cheese showed the highest value when wine concentrate amounts were 2%. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly increased in cheese added with wine concentrate. Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of Meoru wine cheese tended to increase with increasing amounts of wine concentrate. This research result highlights the positive influence of wine concentrate addition in cheese. Also, these results are expected to impact the experience programs in farm wineries.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2005

To investigate apoptosis in HC11 mammary epithelial cells, we compared the gene expression profiles of actively growing and serum-starved apoptotic cells using a mouse apoptosis gene array and $^{33}P$-labeled cDNA prepared from the RNA of the two cultures. Analysis of the arrays showed that expression of several genes such as clusterin, secreted frizzled related protein mRNA (sFRP-1), CREB-binding protein (CBP), and others was higher in the apoptotic cells whereas expression of certain genes including survivin, cell division cycle 2 homolog A (CDC2), and cyclin A was lower. These expression patterns were confirmed by RT-PCR and/or Northern analyses. We compared the expression of some of these genes in the mouse mammary gland under various physiological conditions. The expression levels of genes (clusterin, CBP, and M6P-R) up-regulated in apoptotic conditions were higher at involution than during lactation. On the other hand, genes (Pin, CDC2) downregulated in apoptotic conditions were relatively highly expressed in virgin and pregnant mice. We conclude that certain genes such as clusterin, sFRP-1, GAS1 and CBP are induced in apoptotic mammary epithelial cells, and others are repressed. Moreover, the apoptosis array is an efficient technique for comparing gene expression profiles in different states of the same cell type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2018

In electric agricultural machine a reduction gear is needed to convert the high speed rotation motion generated by DC motor to lower speed rotation motion used by the vehicle. The reduction gear consists of several spur gears. Spur gears are the most easily visualized gears that transmit motion between two parallel shafts and easy to produce. The modelling and simulation of spur gears in DC motor reduction gear is important to predict the actual motion behaviour. A pair of spur gear tooth in action is generally subjected to two types of cyclic stress: contact stress and bending stress. The stress may not attain their maximum values at the same point of contact fatigue. These types of failure can be minimized by analysis of the problem during the design stage and creating proper tooth surface profile with proper manufacturing methods. To improve its life expectation in this study modal and stress analysis of reduction gear is simulated using ANSYS workbench based on finite element method (FEM). The modal analysis was done to understand reduction gear deformation behaviour when vibration occurs. FEM static stress analysis is also simulated on reduction gear to simulate the gear teeth bending stress and contact stress behaviour.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.180-185
• /
• 2006

Two different extraction procedures, SDE and SPME, were employed to determine a comprehensive and efficient fragrance profile of Korean Rosa hybrida. Both extraction methods could compensate for each other, covering compounds with diverse boiling point, polarities, and chemical properties. A total of 46 compounds were identified in Mi-hyang. The identified compounds were composed of 17 alcohols, 14 carbonyls, 7 aliphatic hydrocarbons, 2 terpene hydrocarbons, 4 benzenes, 1 ester, and 1 miscellaneous compound. Quantitatively, carbonyls($12.96{\sim}21.79%$ in essential oils of SDE and $2.89{\sim}8.44%$ in SPME headspace) and alcohols($7.98{\sim}11.73%$ in essential oils of SDE and $3.39{\sim}17.35%$ in SPME headspace) were dominant in Mi-hyang's volatiles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.545-551
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to present a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA) induced allergic diarrhea under a sub-barrier system and investigate the development of gut microbiota in this model. Male BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized with OVA or sham-sensitized with saline, and followed by oral OVA intubation, leading to OVA-specific acute diarrhea. Compared with sham-sensitized mice, sera OVA-specific IgG1 and total IgE in OVA-sensitized mice were dramatically elevated, and the number of mast cells was greatly increased in the jejunum of the OVA-sensitized mice. Principle component analysis of the DGGE profile showed that samples from group of OVA-sensitized mice and group of sham-sensitized mice were scattered into two different regions. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the number of 16S rRNA gene copies of Lactobacillus in the colon of OVA-sensitized mice decreased significantly, while there was no significant difference in the number of Bifidobacterium and total bacteria. In conclusion, OVA-specific allergic diarrhea was successfully induced under a sub-barrier system, and changes of allergic reactions during induction was coupled with changes in gut microbiota, especially the number of colonic Lactobacillus, but the role of gut microbiota in the development of food allergic reactions needs to be further evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate effects of honeybee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) on the calving, the growth performance and blood chemistry occurrence of Hanwoo calves. A total of twenty, a 3 day old male experimental calves were allocated into four groups, BV treated (0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg BV, n=5, respectively) and non-treated (n=5, Control) of Hanwoo calves in Icheon, Kyonggi province. Treatment of BV in calves increased body weight and weight gain during 60 days compared with control group. The concentrations of IgG in blood were significantly increased in BV groups compared with control at 60 days after treatment with BV. Cholesterol and glucose concentrations in BV group were significantly lower with control at 60 days. There were no differences in plasma biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (AKLP), total protein, albumin, globuline, total bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and $Ca^+$. In conclusion, the BV treatment had effect on growth, the score of the calf scours and blood biochemical profile.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.250-260
• /
• 1996

Observed results of the adsorption between two competing anions for the shared sorption sites represent that the adsorption phenomena may depends on the characteristics of anion and available sorption sites in a given conditions. In binary systems, adsorption of one species can significantly influence the fate of the other anion, resulting in control of the extent of solute-adsorbate distributions throughout soil profile. And the proton-donation mechanisms by organic anions having a carboxyl as a functional group can also influence the adsorption of inorganic anions onto the hydroxylated sites of Fe and Al oxides. However, study of competitive adsorption of specifically adsorbed anions illustrates some of difficulties which arise in interpretation of reactions at oxide/aqueous solution interfaces. At least two factors prevented a simple analysis of reactions. First, at any pH value the maximum amount of adsorbate taken up at the surface depends on the identity of the anion. Second, it was necessary to postulate the sorption sites where the anion can be adsorbed. Hence, anions having non-specific adsorption characteristics are less capable for sorption sites, compared to those of specific adsorption characteristics, even though competition complies both ordinary and electrostatic interactions for sorption sites. Therefore, competition among chemical species in soil matrix can be of major significance in determining the effective mobility of any reactive anions with sorption sites.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.92-96
• /
• 2006

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of feeding diet containing 5% canola oil on growth, feed efficiency, and fatty acid profile of bacon in finishing pigs and of longissimus muscle in horses fattening for meat production. In experiment 1, twenty cross-bred barrows and twenty cross-bred gilts (average weight, 80 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and five barrows or five gilts were allotted to one of eight pens $(6.25m^2/pen)$, respectively. Four pens (two with barrows and two with gilts) randomly selected were assigned to a control diet containing 5% tallow and the remaining four pens to a diet containing 5% canola oil. The average daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency over a 6-wk feeding period were not different (p>0.05) between the two diets, nor was backfat thickness. Fatty acid profile in bacon fat showed that the 0-3 fatty acid ($\alpha-linolenic$ acid) content in pigs fed diet containing 5% canola oil was approximately three times (P<0.01) as much as in pigs fed tallow. In experiment 2, thirty-two Jeju horses (average $weight{\pm}SE,\;244{\pm}5kg$) were blocked by sex and weight, and two horses of the same sex and similar body weight were allotted to one $(15m^2/pen)$ of eight pens. Eight pens (four with males and four with females) selected randomly were assigned to a control diet containing 5% tallow and the remaining eight pens to a diet containing 5% canola oil. The average daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency for concentrates without roughages over a 5-month feeding period were not different (P>0.05) between the two diet groups. Fatty acid profile in the muscle fat showed that the 0-3 fatty acid (a-linolenic acid) content in horses fed diet containing 5% canola oil was approximately two times (P<0.01) that in horses fed tallow. The increased (P<0.01) 0-3 fatty acid content in pigs and horses fed canola oil decreased the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids compared to the control, indicating a significant improvement in pork and horsemeat fatty acid profile for health benefit. Our study demonstrated that feeding diet containing 5% canola oil may help produce pork and horsemeat with more health benefit, increasing their $\alpha-linolenic$ acid content without deleterious effects on growth of pigs and horses.