• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Spray of maleic hydrazide (MH) was confirmed to be highly effective on the inhibition of lateral shoot growth regardless of grape cultivars and application concentration examined in this experiment. The optimal spray times were 30 days aft er full bloom in 'Kyoho' and 35 days in 'Campbell Early'. However, the optimum season of application should be adjusted depending on the vine vigor. The apical buds of lateral shoot was significantly affected at the concentration of $3,900mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ resulting in the death and/or abscission. Thus the optimal concentration of MH seemed to be $1,950mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The inhibition effect by MH application was derive d from the decrease of node number and length. No adverse effect on fruit quality was found by MH application. In contrast, there was a tendency of anthocyanin in crease in 'Campbell Early' grapes. Results indicated that MH could be an effective agent to reduce the labor charge through the inhibition of later shoot growth.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1999

In this study, questionnaire were made to environment-friendly producers of apples regarding farm management methods in low-input production method. utilizing organic materials, production and marketing of apples with lower agricultural chemical residues. Besides, five apples farms were visited to find out their management situation by employing the low-input production method in order to protect the environment as well as consumer's health. Those five low-input apple farms were scattered in Kyungbuk, Chungnam, and Chonnam Provinces, There were not many low-input apple farms across the nation from the beginning and, as a result, increasing the sample size was basically very difficult. Most of these farms were using 140hrs of labor per 10a, of which 30hrs in pre-season management, 25hrs in plowing and weed control, 15hrs in disease and pest control, 20hrs in harvest and marketing and 50hrs in miscellaneous activities. Relatively, pest control takes much time in that they would spray pesticides 7-10 times a season to control the apple disease, 9 times on the average. The average gross revenue of low-input apple farms was about \2,000,000/10a, and their average yield was 2,000kg/10a, which are 25% and 13% lower, respectively, than the ordinary apple production case. This means the low-input farmers are inefficient in marketing their products. On the other hand, their production costs were 20.4% higher than the ordinary apple farms on the average. Since the imported foreign fruits including apples must use various agricultural chemicals on their way to the export markets, the domestic low-input apples have competitive edge over them in therms of food safety. In order to improve the low-input apple industry, active cooperation is needed among the producers, government and researchers more than ever. Among other things, production cost reduction and quality improvement with lower chemical residues are part of the urgent matters to be done.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.485-488
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• 2016

The level of domestic greenhouse complex environmental control technology is a hardware-oriented automation steps that mechanically control the environments of greenhouse, such as temperature, humidity and $CO_2$ through the technology of cultivation and consulting experts. This automation brings simple effects such as labor saving. However, in order to substantially improve the output and quality of agricultural products, it is essential to track the growth and physiological condition of the plant and accordingly control the environments of greenhouse through a software-based complex environmental control technology for controlling the optimum environment in real time. Therefore, this paper is a part of general methods on the greenhouse complex environmental control technology. and presents a horticulture production forecasting methods using artificial neural networks through the analysis of big data systems of smart farm performed in our country and artificial neural network technology trends.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2021

The automatic-spreader of bedding materials was developed to reduce labor cost, and to achieve successful biosecurity in duck houses. Algorithm of the device was designed to realize a concept of the automatic unmanned operation including entire processes such as loading and spreading of the bedding materials. From the field measurement, the relationship between the expected water content reduction and weight of bedding materials per unit area according to the operation condition of the devices was induced. In the case of the measurement of particulate matters during the process of spreading works, the results of using both conventional manual-spreader and automatic-spreader were exceeded the allowable limit of inhalable and respirable dust, respectively. But, workers using automatic-spreader could be free from harmful aero-condition because they did not stay inside the facility during the spreading works. In addition, from the Duck hepatitis virus PCR test, influence on pulmonary tissue of the duck was not found. It could be expected that the development of the automatic-spreader of bedding materials for duck house can contribute to the advancement of duck breeding facilities.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.351-374
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• 2022

In recent years, the development of rice industry has been highly valued by the state. In hubei area, due to the development of the modernization and the shortage of labor, traditional way of rice cultivation methods is facing serious challenges, and economic benefits have become the decisive factor for the effective promotion and application of rice cultivation methods. According to the research results, first, in the input-side analysis, in the CCR model, D5, D12, D26, D28, D32, D36 farmers with high efficiency appear. The analysis result shows that among the 60 farmers, the average efficiency is 89%, and there is an inefficiency of 11%. In the BCC model, 14 farmers were identified as high-efficiency farmers, with an average efficiency of 0.9453. Second, in direct seeding cultivation of rice, the average scale efficiency is 0.9227, while the average pure technical efficiency is 0.9644. This shows that the effect of scale efficiency is greater than that of purely technical factors, ignoring the reasons for the low operational efficiency of direct seeding cultivation farmers. It can be predicted that with the further deepening of farmers' understanding of this planting mode, the proportion of rice direct seeding may be further expanded in the future. Relevant agricultural departments should further promote this technology to farmers, study the direct seeding technology using scientific methods, and evaluate the changes of this cultivation mode. The agricultural departments of government should concern about the climate risk assessment of direct seeding rice, the environmental impact assessment caused by the extensive use of herbicides, the application of mechanical technology in the process of direct seeding, the lodging of direct seeding rice, and other related issues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.1009-1020
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• 1996

Direct-seeded rice can have comparable yield with transplanted rice if its inherent problems can be solved. It is a labor-saving technology and can significantly reduce production cost because seedling nursery , pulling , and transplanting are omitted. Turnaround time between cropping is reduced hence the possibility of a third annual crop. But direct-seeded rice is very vulnerable to pest attack (by birds, rats, and golden snails), desiccation, weed infestation, and prone to lodging resulting to unstable crop establishment and inconsistent yield. These problems can be solved by anaerobic seeding (sowing pre-germinated seeds under the soil). It requires precise seed placement into the soil to optimize its benefits. We developed a four-row anaerobic direct seeder (US $ 200 commercial price) for this purpose . It consist of a structural framework mounted with a drum -hopper metering device, flotation type drivewheels, spring-loaded and adjustable furrow closers, and furrow open rs, and a plastic rainguard. It can sow in line pre-germinated seeds into the soil thus permitting the use of mechanical weeders for a chemical-free weed control. Its performance was comparable with the Japanese two-row anaerobic seeder (costing US$400) in terms of seed placement and crop establishment. It was tested with five cultivars. Seeding rate varied from 38 kg/ha to 80kg/ha. Crop establishment ranged from 64 to 99 percent while grain yield varied from 3.0 t/ha to 5.4t/ha. A six-row anaerobic seeder was also developed and adapted to a powertiller for increased capacity , field efficiency , and easier operation. The anaerobic seeder is useful to farmers shifting to direct seeding to reduce rice production cost and to researchers conducting agronomic studies in direct-seeded rice. Blueprint of the machine is available free of charge from IRRI.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.93-104
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• 2022

Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sector to droughts, and drought damage on the agriculture sector could have effects on other sector. Droughts have different characteristics compared to other extreme events, which means more sophisticated methods considering the characteristics of droughts are required when measuring their damage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the damage of droughts based on limited computational general equilibrium model. To be specific, we constructed a CGE model focusing on the agriculture sector in Korea. Also, to limit changes in land use and labor, we limited them, and assume droughts only have effects on productivity of value-added. Lastly, we simulate drought effects on rice production in Korea based on several climate scenarios and GCM to identify the economic effects of droughts. The results show that 1) the cumulated damage of droughts during 2021~2040 is higher than other periods (2040~2061, 2081~2100), 2) the correlation between the damage of droughts and SSP scenarios is insignificant. This result implies the necessity of the effective drought risk management to prevent future droughts effects, irrespective of mitigation policies. 3) Due to increases in rice price, GDP of rice sector is increased. However, GDP of the other sector and consumer welfare are decreased. This result show that indirect effects of droughts would be more important when measuring drought effects on agriculture sector.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2024

IoT, Big-data, AI, and Cloud technologies, which are core technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution, have recently been applied to various fields and are being used as core technologies for new growth engines. Accordingly, these core technologies are applied to the agricultural field without exception, contributing to solving the problem of labor shortage, reducing production costs, and reducing environmental burden through remote and automated production without time and space constraints. However, as these core technologies are utilized, security incidents are occurring in the agricultural field as well. Accordingly, this study divides smart farms into three stages(Basic, Middle, and High) and presents the characteristics and security threats of each stage. In particular, as the number of container-based services and research increases under cloud platforms, we would like to suggest countermeasures focusing on security threats.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2000

Experiments related to the field of sericulture started in the years 1900, in Korea. The sericultural experimental station in Korea was first organized among agricultural fields in Korea, indicating that sericulture in Korea was regarded as an important field of agriculture. Sericulture has been devoted to a great deal for the improvement of Korean economy during the past 100 years even under the coarse social circumstances caused particularly by the Korean War, However, the traditional Korean sericulture, aimed to produce silk yarn, was weakened, because of several reasons such as diminishment in silk consumption, increased labor charge in Korea, and so on. After this difficulty time, the Korean sericulture was revolutionized by shifting into functional sericulture from 1995, and the Korean sericulture now plays an important role for the improvement of human health. Mulberry tree, silkworm, and silk have a boundless potential to be developed as resources. We expect the know-how obtained through silkworm research would expand to the other insect research too. Thus, an area of entomological industry is hoped to prosper owing to insect research as well as sericulture. Mulberry tree is known to possess many bio-active substances, so it can be utilized as a resource for substitute medicine and a raw material for the functional food. In addition, an invention of genetically engineered mulberry variety, which will produce more bioactive substances, is expected. Silkworm is one of the most extensively studied insect organisms on the genome so far, Thus, silkworm is expected to be an "insect bio-factory", enabling mass-production of useful proteins by transformation, in which useful foreign genes are assimilated into silkworm. Silk can be transformed into several phases, because it possesses useful functional groups, which are sensitive to chemical reaction. Also, because silk fibrin itself is protein, it has a superior applicability as tissue membrane. Due to this usefulness, many researchers are now working on the silk as food, cosmetic, medical resource, and bioengineering resource, and even an expanded application is expected using silk in the future. Until now, the researches on insects were largely focused on the prevention of the damage caused by pest, instead of a beneficial aspect. However, insects are thought to be the fourth natural resource in the world, possessing unlimited potential as world resources in the near future. Therefore, our entomological research effort should be focused on the subject with potential for industrialization. Such subject includes selecting the insect species useful for environmental evaluation, construction of environment-friendly agricultural ecosystem, pollen mediation, pet, and advanced bio-resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1886-1891
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• 2013

To inactivate the microorganisms on the surface of blueberries after harvest and to secure microbial safety, a bubble-aqueous chlorine dioxide washing system was developed. After treating the freshly prepared blueberries with the bubble-aqueous chlorine dioxide washing system, the changes in the microbial populations and quality of the blueberries were determined during storage $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Microbiological data indicated that the populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold decreased by 1.4 and 1.3 log CFU/g at the treatment of 20 ppm aqueous chlorine dioxide with the system, respectively. There was no significant difference in color change and weight loss during storage among treatments. In addition, this washing system could handle approximately 60 kg of blueberry per hour, resulting in labor-saving. Therefore, these results clearly suggest that the bubble-aqueous chlorine dioxide washing system could be useful in improving the microbiological safety of fresh blueberries after harvest.